A watering can (Fig. 1) metaphorically describes the fluoroscopic demonstration of contrast opacifying multiple fistulas from the urethra to the perineum, as seen on voiding or retrograde urethrography (Fig. 2) [1]. In patients with this condition, urine exits through multiple perineal openings, hence the descriptive “watering can” [2]. The urethroperineal fistulas are sequelae of traumatic or chronic inflammatory urethral strictures [2]. Classically, this sign is associated with advanced infection of the urethra and adjacent tissues, most commonly gonorrhea. Associated paraurethral abscesses are frequent [1]. Other etiologies include schistosomiasis, tuberculosis, and Crohn’s disease [1, 2].
WHO estimates that half of all patients worldwide are non-adherent to their prescribed medication. The consequences of poor adherence can be catastrophic, on both the individual and population level.
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