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Current Infectious Disease Reports
Published in: Current Infectious Disease Reports 1/2013

01-02-2013 | HIV/AIDS (R MacArthur, Section Editor)

The Twin Epidemics of Tuberculosis and HIV

Authors: George M. Varghese, Jeshina Janardhanan, Ravikar Ralph, Ooriapadickal C. Abraham

Published in: Current Infectious Disease Reports | Issue 1/2013

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Abstract

The deadly combination of tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) currently ravaging the world, taking a toll of about 0.35 million people every year, is one of the major public health crises of the decade. Throughout the course of HIV infection, the risk of acquisition, reactivation, and reinfection of TB keeps increasing substantially as the immune deficiency progresses. TB coinfected patients inadvertently facilitate HIV infection by release of the proinflammatory cytokines and overexpression of coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5; thereby, the progression of each is facilitated. The difficulties in diagnosing active tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals poses a great challenge that is further complicated by the challenges in identification of latent TB infection, creating a setback to preventive therapy. Furthermore, prescribing antituberculous therapy and antiretroviral therapy together poses several management challenges, including drug interactions, added toxicities, and TB immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. The current approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment strategies in TB and HIV coinfected individuals, along with epidemiology and overview of pathogenetic interplay of both microbes, is reviewed here.
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Metadata
Title
The Twin Epidemics of Tuberculosis and HIV
Authors
George M. Varghese
Jeshina Janardhanan
Ravikar Ralph
Ooriapadickal C. Abraham
Publication date
01-02-2013
Publisher
Current Science Inc.
Published in
Current Infectious Disease Reports / Issue 1/2013
Print ISSN: 1523-3847
Electronic ISSN: 1534-3146
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11908-012-0311-3

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