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Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine

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01-08-2015 | Research Article

The separation of Gln and Glu in STEAM: a comparison study using short and long TEs/TMs at 3 and 7 T

Authors: Weiqiang Dou, Jörn Kaufmann, Meng Li, Kai Zhong, Martin Walter, Oliver Speck

Published in: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine | Issue 4/2015

Abstract

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the optimal echo time (TE) and mixing time (TM) for in vivo glutamine (Gln) and glutamate (Glu) separation in stimulated-echo acquisition mode at 3 and 7 T. We applied a short TE/TM (20/10 ms) for a high signal-to-noise-ratio and a field-specific long TE/TM (3 T: 72/6 ms; 7 T: 74/68 ms) for optimal Gln and Glu separation of the Carbon-4 proton resonances.

Materials and methods

Corresponding Gln and Glu spectra were simulated using VeSPA software, and measured in a phantom and human brains at 3 and 7 T.

Results

Higher spectral separation for Gln and Glu was achieved at 7 than 3 T. At 7 T, short TE/TM provided comparable spectral separation and in vitro Gln and Glu quantification compared to long TE/TM. Moreover, it showed greater reliability in in vivo Gln and Glu detection and separation than long TE/TM, with significantly lower Cramer–Rao lower bounds (Gln: 14.9 vs. 75.8; Glu: 3.8 vs. 6.5) and correlation between Gln and Glu (p = 0.004).

Conclusion

Based on the optimal separation for Gln and Glu, a short TE/TM at 7 T is proposed for future in vivo Gln and Glu acquisition.

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Title: The separation of Gln and Glu in STEAM: a comparison study using short and long TEs/TMs at 3 and 7 T
Authors: Weiqiang Dou
Jörn Kaufmann
Meng Li
Kai Zhong
Martin Walter
Oliver Speck
Publication date: 01-08-2015
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine / Issue 4/2015
Print ISSN: 0968-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1352-8661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10334-014-0479-7

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

The separation of Gln and Glu in STEAM: a comparison study using short and long TEs/TMs at 3 and 7 T

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Materials and methods

Results

Conclusion

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