Top

Published in:

01-10-2014 | Original Article

The relationship between solar UV exposure, serum vitamin D levels and serum prostate-specific antigen levels, in men from New South Wales, Australia: the CHAMP study

Authors: Visalini Nair-Shalliker, David P. Smith, Mark Clements, Vasikaran Naganathan, Melisa Litchfield, Louise Waite, David Handelsman, Markus J. Seibel, Robert Cumming, Bruce K. Armstrong

Published in: World Journal of Urology | Issue 5/2014

Abstract

Purpose

We aim to determine the relationship between season, personal solar UV exposure, serum 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)₂D and serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels.

Methods

Questionnaire data and blood samples were collected at baseline from participants of the Concord Health and Ageing in Men Project (n = 1,705), aged 70 and above. They were grouped as men ‘free of prostate disease’ for those with no record of having prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or prostatitis and with serum PSA levels below 20 ng/mL, and ‘with prostate disease’ for those with a record of either of these diseases or with serum PSA levels 20 ng/mL or above. Personal solar UV exposure (sUV) was estimated from recalled hours of outdoor exposure and weighted against ambient solar UV radiation. Sera were analysed to determine levels of PSA, 25(OH)D and 1,25(OH)₂D, and analysed using multiple regression, adjusting for age, BMI and region of birth.

Results

The association between sUV and serum PSA levels was conditional upon season (p _interaction = 0.04). There was no direct association between serum PSA and 25(OH)D in both groups of men. There was a positive association between serum PSA and 1,25(OH)₂D in men with prostate disease (mean = 110.6 pmol/L; p _{heterogeneity} = 0.03), but there was no such association in men free of prostate disease (mean = 109.3 pmol/L; p _{heterogeneity} = 0.8).

Conclusion

The association between PSA and sUV may only be evident at low solar UV irradiance, and this effect may be independent of serum vitamin D levels.

Available only for authorised users

Schroder FH (2009) Review of diagnostic markers for prostate cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 181:173–182PubMedCrossRef

Vieth R, Choo R, Deboer L, Danjoux C, Morton G, Klotz L (2006) Rise in prostate-specific antigen in men with untreated low-grade prostate cancer is slower during spring-summer. Am J Ther 13:394–399PubMedCrossRef

Lujan GM, Pascual MC, Rodriguez GN, Garcia Mediero JM, Pascual DT, Paez BA, Berenguer SA (2006) Impact of the weather on the serum levels of prostatic specific antigen (PSA). Arch Esp Urol 59:247–252

Salama G, Noirot O, Bataille V, Malavaud S, Rebillard X, Villers A et al (2007) Seasonality of serum prostate-specific antigen levels: a population-based study. Eur Urol 52(3):708–714

Beer TM, Garzotto M, Park B, Mori M, Myrthue A, Janeba N, Sauer D, Eilers K (2006) Effect of calcitriol on prostate-specific antigen in vitro and in humans. Clin Cancer Res 12:2812–2816PubMedCrossRef

Ahn J, Peters U, Albanes D, Purdue MP, Abnet CC, Chatterjee N, Horst RL, Hollis BW, Huang WY, Shikany JM, Hayes RB (2008) Serum vitamin D concentration and prostate cancer risk: a nested case-control study. J Natl Cancer Inst 100:796–804PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

Gross C, Stamey T, Hancock S, Feldman D (1998) Treatment of early recurrent prostate cancer with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol). J Urol 159:2035–2039PubMedCrossRef

Platz EA, Leitzmann MF, Hollis BW, Willett WC, Giovannucci E (2004) Plasma 1,25-dihydroxy- and 25-hydroxyvitamin D and subsequent risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Causes Control 15:255–265PubMedCrossRef

Travis RC, Crowe FL, Allen NE, Appleby PN, Roddam AW, Tjonneland A, Olsen A, Linseisen J, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Kroger J, Trichopoulou A, Dilis V, Trichopoulos D, Vineis P, Palli D, Tumino R, Sieri S, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, van Duijnhoven FJ, Chirlaque MD, Barricarte A, Larranaga N, Gonzalez CA, Arguelles MV, Sanchez MJ, Stattin P, Hallmans G, Khaw KT, Bingham S, Rinaldi S, Slimani N, Jenab M, Riboli E, Key TJ (2009) Serum vitamin D and risk of prostate cancer in a case-control analysis nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). Am J Epidemiol 169:1223–1232PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

10.

Woo TC, Choo R, Jamieson M, Chander S, Vieth R (2005) Pilot study: potential role of vitamin D (Cholecalciferol) in patients with PSA relapse after definitive therapy. Nutr Cancer 51:32–36PubMedCrossRef

11.

Skinner HG, Schwartz GG (2009) The relation of serum parathyroid hormone and serum calcium to serum levels of prostate-specific antigen: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 18:2869–2873PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

12.

Cumming RG, Handelsman D, Seibel MJ, Creasey H, Sambrook P, Waite L, Naganathan V, Le CD, Litchfield M (2009) Cohort profile: the Concord health and ageing in men project (CHAMP). Int J Epidemiol 38:374–378PubMedCrossRef

13.

Litchfield MJ, Cumming RG, Smith DP, Naganathan V, Le Couteur DG, Waite LM, Blyth FM, Handelsman DJ (2012) Prostate-specific antigen levels in men aged 70 years and over: findings from the CHAMP study. Med J Aust 196:395–398PubMed

14.

Need AG, Kemp A, Giles N, Morris HA, Horowitz M, Nordin BE (2002) Relationships between intestinal calcium absorption, serum vitamin D metabolites and smoking in postmenopausal women. Osteoporos Int 13:83–88PubMedCrossRef

15.

Nowson CA, McGrath JJ, Ebeling PR, Haikerwal A, Daly RM, Sanders KM, Seibel MJ, Mason RS (2012) Vitamin D and health in adults in Australia and New Zealand: a position statement. Med J Aust 196:686–687PubMedCrossRef

16.

Stolwijk AM, Straatman H, Zielhuis GA (1999) Studying seasonality by using sine and cosine functions in regression analysis. J Epidemiol Community Health 53:235–238PubMedCrossRefPubMedCentral

17.

Ferlay J, Parkin DM, Curado MP et al. (2010) Cancer incidence in five continents, volumes I to IX: IARC. Lyon, France: International agency for research on cancer. Available from: http://ci5.iarc.fr

18.

Wagner D, Trudel D, Van der Kwast T, Nonn L, Giangreco AA, Li D, Dias A, Cardoza M, Laszlo S, Hersey K, Klotz L, Finelli A, Fleshner N, Vieth R (2013) Randomized clinical trial of vitamin D3 doses on prostatic vitamin d metabolite levels and Ki67 labeling in prostate cancer patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 98:1498–1507PubMedCrossRef

19.

Lips P (2006) Vitamin D physiology. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 92:4–8PubMedCrossRef

20.

http://www.foodstandards.gov.au/scienceandeducation/monitoringandsurveillance/ Accessed date: 2007. Ref Type: Generic

21.

Krishnan AV, Peehl DM, Feldman D (2003) The role of vitamin D in prostate cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 164:205–221PubMedCrossRef

22.

Zhao XY, Ly LH, Peehl DM, Feldman D (1999) Induction of androgen receptor by 1alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and 9-cis retinoic acid in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells. Endocrinology 140:1205–1212PubMed

23.

Zhao XY, Peehl DM, Navone NM, Feldman D (2000) 1 alpha, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibits prostate cancer cell growth by androgen-dependent and androgen-independent mechanisms. Endocrinology 141:2548–2556PubMed

24.

Krishnan AV, Peehl DM, Feldman D (2003) Inhibition of prostate cancer growth by vitamin D: regulation of target gene expression. J Cell Biochem 88:363–371PubMedCrossRef

25.

Peehl DM, Krishnan AV, Feldman D (2003) Pathways mediating the growth-inhibitory actions of vitamin D in prostate cancer. J Nutr 133:2461S–2469SPubMed

26.

Rothman KJ (1990) No adjustments are needed for multiple comparisons. Epidemiology 1:43–46PubMedCrossRef

Title: The relationship between solar UV exposure, serum vitamin D levels and serum prostate-specific antigen levels, in men from New South Wales, Australia: the CHAMP study
Authors: Visalini Nair-Shalliker
David P. Smith
Mark Clements
Vasikaran Naganathan
Melisa Litchfield
Louise Waite
David Handelsman
Markus J. Seibel
Robert Cumming
Bruce K. Armstrong
Publication date: 01-10-2014
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: World Journal of Urology / Issue 5/2014
Print ISSN: 0724-4983
Electronic ISSN: 1433-8726
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-013-1201-5

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

The relationship between solar UV exposure, serum vitamin D levels and serum prostate-specific antigen levels, in men from New South Wales, Australia: the CHAMP study

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2014

Effects of tadalafil on nighttime voiding (nocturia) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia: a post hoc analysis of pooled data from four randomized, placebo-controlled clinical studies

Selective clamping under the usage of near-infrared fluorescence imaging with indocyanine green in robot-assisted partial nephrectomy: a single-surgeon matched-pair study

Redo-urethroplasty: comparison of early functional results and quality of life in penile and bulbar strictures

Nocturia: state of the art and critical analysis of current assessment and treatment strategies

Clinical outcomes after salvage radiotherapy without androgen deprivation therapy in patients with persistently detectable PSA after radical prostatectomy: results from a national multicentre study

Detrusor contraction power parameters (BCI and W max) rise with increasing bladder outlet obstruction grade in men with lower urinary tract symptoms: results from a urodynamic database analysis