Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 4/2010

01-04-2010 | Original Paper

The prevalence of personality disorder, its comorbidity with mental state disorders, and its clinical significance in community mental health teams

Authors: Giles Newton-Howes, Peter Tyrer, Katina Anagnostakis, Sylvia Cooper, Owen Bowden-Jones, Tim Weaver

Published in: Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology | Issue 4/2010

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Personality status is seldom assessed in community mental health teams except at a rudimentary level. This study challenges the assumption that this policy is either prudent or wise.

Aims

To measure the prevalence of personality disorder within community mental health teams and to investigate its relationship to mental state disorders and overall pathology.

Method

A cross-sectional survey of 2,528 of 2,567 psychiatric patients (98.5%) managed by community mental health teams in four urban settings in the UK in which diagnoses of personality and mental state pathology were assessed separately. Of these, a sample of 400 was interviewed, with a 70.5% completion rate for more in depth information.

Results

In total, 40% of all patients in secondary care suffered from at least one personality disorder. Regression modelling showed personality pathology accounted for a greater degree of global psychopathology than psychosis, alcohol or drug dependence, but was associated with anxiety disorders.

Conclusion

Comorbid personality pathology contributes greatly to overall psychopathology in secondary psychiatric care. It should be both recognised and managed.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Asberg M, Montgomery S, Perris C et al (1978) A comprehensive psychopathology rating scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 271:5–27CrossRef Asberg M, Montgomery S, Perris C et al (1978) A comprehensive psychopathology rating scale. Acta Psychiatr Scand 271:5–27CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Beard J, Heathcote K, Brooks R, Earnest A, Kelly B (2007) Predictors of mental disorders and their outcome in a community based cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42:623–630CrossRefPubMed Beard J, Heathcote K, Brooks R, Earnest A, Kelly B (2007) Predictors of mental disorders and their outcome in a community based cohort. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 42:623–630CrossRefPubMed
3.
4.
go back to reference Clark LA (2007) Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder: perennial issues and an emerging reconceptualization. Annu Rev Psychol 58:227–257CrossRefPubMed Clark LA (2007) Assessment and diagnosis of personality disorder: perennial issues and an emerging reconceptualization. Annu Rev Psychol 58:227–257CrossRefPubMed
5.
go back to reference Coid J, Tyrer P, Yang M et al (2006) Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britian. Br J Psychiatry 188:423–431CrossRefPubMed Coid J, Tyrer P, Yang M et al (2006) Prevalence and correlates of personality disorder in Great Britian. Br J Psychiatry 188:423–431CrossRefPubMed
6.
go back to reference Grant B, Hasin D, Stinson F et al (2004) Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 65:948–958CrossRefPubMed Grant B, Hasin D, Stinson F et al (2004) Prevalence, correlates, and disability of personality disorders in the United States: results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on alcohol and related conditions. J Clin Psychiatry 65:948–958CrossRefPubMed
7.
go back to reference Grilo C, Shea M, Sanislow C et al (2004) Two-year stability and change in schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol 72:767–775CrossRefPubMed Grilo C, Shea M, Sanislow C et al (2004) Two-year stability and change in schizotypal, borderline, avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders. J Consult Clin Psychol 72:767–775CrossRefPubMed
8.
go back to reference Keown P, Holloway F, Kuipers E (2002) The prevalence of personality disorders, psychotic disorders and affective disorders amongst the patients seen by a community mental health team in London. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 37:225–229CrossRefPubMed Keown P, Holloway F, Kuipers E (2002) The prevalence of personality disorders, psychotic disorders and affective disorders amongst the patients seen by a community mental health team in London. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 37:225–229CrossRefPubMed
9.
go back to reference Keown P, Holloway F, Kuipers E (2005) The impact of severe mental illness, co-morbid personality disorders and demographic factors on psychiatric bed use. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 40:29–42CrossRef Keown P, Holloway F, Kuipers E (2005) The impact of severe mental illness, co-morbid personality disorders and demographic factors on psychiatric bed use. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 40:29–42CrossRef
10.
go back to reference McGuffin P, Farmer A, Harvey I (1991) A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in studies of psychiatric illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:764–770PubMed McGuffin P, Farmer A, Harvey I (1991) A polydiagnostic application of operational criteria in studies of psychiatric illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry 48:764–770PubMed
11.
go back to reference Malone D, Newton-Howes G, Simmonds S et al (2007) Community mental health teams (CMHTs) for people with severe mental illnesses and disordered personality. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3:CD000270 Malone D, Newton-Howes G, Simmonds S et al (2007) Community mental health teams (CMHTs) for people with severe mental illnesses and disordered personality. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 3:CD000270
12.
go back to reference Massion A, Dyck I, Shea T et al (2002) Personality disorders and time to remission in generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia and panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59:434–440CrossRefPubMed Massion A, Dyck I, Shea T et al (2002) Personality disorders and time to remission in generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia and panic disorder. Arch Gen Psychiatry 59:434–440CrossRefPubMed
13.
go back to reference Merson S, Tyrer P, Onyett S et al (2002) Early intervention in psychiatric emergencies; a controlled clinical trial. Lancet 339:382–389 Merson S, Tyrer P, Onyett S et al (2002) Early intervention in psychiatric emergencies; a controlled clinical trial. Lancet 339:382–389
14.
go back to reference Montgomery S, Asberg M (1979) A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 134:382–389CrossRefPubMed Montgomery S, Asberg M (1979) A new depression scale designed to be sensitive to change. Br J Psychiatry 134:382–389CrossRefPubMed
15.
go back to reference Moran P, Coffey C, Mann A et al (2006) Personality and substance use disorders in young adults. Br J Psychiatry 188:374–379CrossRefPubMed Moran P, Coffey C, Mann A et al (2006) Personality and substance use disorders in young adults. Br J Psychiatry 188:374–379CrossRefPubMed
16.
go back to reference National Institute of Mental Health (England) (2003) Personality disorder: no longer a diagnosis of exclusion. Department of Health, London National Institute of Mental Health (England) (2003) Personality disorder: no longer a diagnosis of exclusion. Department of Health, London
17.
go back to reference Newton-Howes G, Tyrer P (2003) Pharmacotherapy for personality disorders. Exp Opin Pharmacother 4:1643–1649CrossRef Newton-Howes G, Tyrer P (2003) Pharmacotherapy for personality disorders. Exp Opin Pharmacother 4:1643–1649CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Newton-Howes G, Tyrer P, Johnson T (2006) Personality disorder and the outcome of depression: a meta-analysis of published studies. Br J Psychiatry 188:13–20CrossRefPubMed Newton-Howes G, Tyrer P, Johnson T (2006) Personality disorder and the outcome of depression: a meta-analysis of published studies. Br J Psychiatry 188:13–20CrossRefPubMed
19.
go back to reference Newton-Howes G, Tyrer P, North B, Yang M (2007) The prevalence of personality disorder in schizophrenia and psychotic disorders: systematic review of rates and explanatory modeling. Psychol Med 37:1–8 Newton-Howes G, Tyrer P, North B, Yang M (2007) The prevalence of personality disorder in schizophrenia and psychotic disorders: systematic review of rates and explanatory modeling. Psychol Med 37:1–8
20.
go back to reference Ranger M, Methuen C, Rutter D et al (2006) Prevalence of personality disorder in the case-load of an inner-city assertive outreach team. Psychiatric Bull 28:441–443CrossRef Ranger M, Methuen C, Rutter D et al (2006) Prevalence of personality disorder in the case-load of an inner-city assertive outreach team. Psychiatric Bull 28:441–443CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Sampson M, McCubbin R, Tyrer P (eds) (2006) Personality Disorder and Community Mental Health Teams: a practitioner’s guide, Chap 9 (Burns T). Wiley, London Sampson M, McCubbin R, Tyrer P (eds) (2006) Personality Disorder and Community Mental Health Teams: a practitioner’s guide, Chap 9 (Burns T). Wiley, London
22.
go back to reference Seivewright H, Tyrer P, Casey P et al (1991) A three year follow-up of psychiatric morbidity in urban and rural primary care. Psychol Med 21:495–503CrossRefPubMed Seivewright H, Tyrer P, Casey P et al (1991) A three year follow-up of psychiatric morbidity in urban and rural primary care. Psychol Med 21:495–503CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Shea M, Yen S (2003) Stability as a distinction between Axis I and Axis II Disorders. J Personal Disord 17:373–386CrossRef Shea M, Yen S (2003) Stability as a distinction between Axis I and Axis II Disorders. J Personal Disord 17:373–386CrossRef
24.
go back to reference SPSS for Windows, version 10.0.5, Chigago Il, SPSS SPSS for Windows, version 10.0.5, Chigago Il, SPSS
25.
go back to reference Torgersen S, Kringlen E, Cramer V (2001) The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:590–596CrossRefPubMed Torgersen S, Kringlen E, Cramer V (2001) The prevalence of personality disorders in a community sample. Arch Gen Psychiatry 58:590–596CrossRefPubMed
26.
go back to reference Tyrer P (2000) Quick personality assessment schedule: PAS-Q. In: Personality disorders: diagnosis, management and course, 2nd edn. Arnold Tyrer P (2000) Quick personality assessment schedule: PAS-Q. In: Personality disorders: diagnosis, management and course, 2nd edn. Arnold
28.
29.
go back to reference Tyrer P, Alexander M, Cicchetti D et al (1979) Reliability of a schedule for rating personality disorders. Br J Psychiatry 135:168–174CrossRefPubMed Tyrer P, Alexander M, Cicchetti D et al (1979) Reliability of a schedule for rating personality disorders. Br J Psychiatry 135:168–174CrossRefPubMed
30.
go back to reference Tyrer P, Coid J, Simmonds S et al (1998) Community mental health teams (CMHTs) for people with severe mental illnesses and disordered personality. Cochr Libr Syst Rev, no. CD000270 Tyrer P, Coid J, Simmonds S et al (1998) Community mental health teams (CMHTs) for people with severe mental illnesses and disordered personality. Cochr Libr Syst Rev, no. CD000270
31.
go back to reference Tyrer P, Gunderson J, Lyons M, Tohen M (1997) Extent of comorbidity between mental state and personality disorders. J Personal Disord 11:242–259 Tyrer P, Gunderson J, Lyons M, Tohen M (1997) Extent of comorbidity between mental state and personality disorders. J Personal Disord 11:242–259
32.
go back to reference Tyrer P, Johnson T (1996) Establishing the severity of personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 153:1593–1597PubMed Tyrer P, Johnson T (1996) Establishing the severity of personality disorder. Am J Psychiatry 153:1593–1597PubMed
33.
go back to reference Tyrer P, Manley C, Van Horn E et al (2000) Personality abnormality in severe mental illness and its influence on outcome of intensive and standard case management: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry 15(Suppl): 7–10 Tyrer P, Manley C, Van Horn E et al (2000) Personality abnormality in severe mental illness and its influence on outcome of intensive and standard case management: a randomised controlled trial. Eur Psychiatry 15(Suppl): 7–10
34.
go back to reference Tyrer P, Owen R, Cicchetti D (1984) The brief scale for anxiety: a subdivision of the comprehensive psychopathology rating scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47:970–975CrossRefPubMed Tyrer P, Owen R, Cicchetti D (1984) The brief scale for anxiety: a subdivision of the comprehensive psychopathology rating scale. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 47:970–975CrossRefPubMed
35.
go back to reference Tyrer P, Seivewright H, Johnson T (2004) The Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder: predictors of 12 year outcome of dysthymic, panic and generalised anxiety disorder. Psychol Med 34:1385–1394CrossRefPubMed Tyrer P, Seivewright H, Johnson T (2004) The Nottingham Study of Neurotic Disorder: predictors of 12 year outcome of dysthymic, panic and generalised anxiety disorder. Psychol Med 34:1385–1394CrossRefPubMed
36.
go back to reference Tyrer P, Tom B, Byford S et al (2004) Differential effects of manual assisted cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of recurrent deliberate self-harm and personality disturbance: the POPMACT study. J Personal Disord 18:82–96CrossRef Tyrer P, Tom B, Byford S et al (2004) Differential effects of manual assisted cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of recurrent deliberate self-harm and personality disturbance: the POPMACT study. J Personal Disord 18:82–96CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Weaver T, Madden P, Charles V et al (2003) Comorbidity of substance misuse and mental illness in community mental health and substance misuse services. Br J Psychiatry 183:304–313CrossRefPubMed Weaver T, Madden P, Charles V et al (2003) Comorbidity of substance misuse and mental illness in community mental health and substance misuse services. Br J Psychiatry 183:304–313CrossRefPubMed
38.
go back to reference Westen D (1997) Divergences between clinical and research methods for assessing personality disorders: implications for research and the evolution of axis II. Am J Psychiatry 154:895–903PubMed Westen D (1997) Divergences between clinical and research methods for assessing personality disorders: implications for research and the evolution of axis II. Am J Psychiatry 154:895–903PubMed
39.
go back to reference Wickett A, Essman W, Beck-Jennings J et al (2006) Cluster B and C personality traits, symptom correlates, and treatment utilization in postacute schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 194(9):650–653CrossRefPubMed Wickett A, Essman W, Beck-Jennings J et al (2006) Cluster B and C personality traits, symptom correlates, and treatment utilization in postacute schizophrenia. J Nerv Ment Dis 194(9):650–653CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
The prevalence of personality disorder, its comorbidity with mental state disorders, and its clinical significance in community mental health teams
Authors
Giles Newton-Howes
Peter Tyrer
Katina Anagnostakis
Sylvia Cooper
Owen Bowden-Jones
Tim Weaver
Publication date
01-04-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology / Issue 4/2010
Print ISSN: 0933-7954
Electronic ISSN: 1433-9285
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0084-7

Other articles of this Issue 4/2010

Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology 4/2010 Go to the issue