Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Family Violence 3/2009

01-04-2009 | Original Article

The Police Reporting Behavior of Intimate Partner Violence Victims

Authors: Caroline Akers, Catherine Kaukinen

Published in: Journal of Family Violence | Issue 3/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

In the current research, we draw on Canadian national data to examine the police reporting decisions of married and cohabiting intimate partner violence victims. Our analyses examine how police notification decisions are influenced by the demographic characteristics of victims and incident-specific factors. We find that the victims who contact the police more often live in a cohabiting relationship and with children. In contrast to predictions, we find that visible minority women more often call the police. Income, education, and employment status do not appear to shape the police reporting decisions of women. Finally, women who call the police are also likely to have experienced severe forms of violence including threats with weapons, injury, and the destruction of their property.
Literature
go back to reference Auger, D. J., Doob, A. N., Auger, R. P., & Driben, P. (1992). Crime and control in three Nishnawbe-Aski Nation communities: an exploratory investigation. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 34, 318–338. Auger, D. J., Doob, A. N., Auger, R. P., & Driben, P. (1992). Crime and control in three Nishnawbe-Aski Nation communities: an exploratory investigation. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 34, 318–338.
go back to reference Berk, R. A., Berk, S. F., Newton, P. J., & Loseke, D. R. (1984). Cops on call: summoning the police to the scene of spousal violence. Law & Society Review, 18(3), 479–498. doi:10.2307/3053432.CrossRef Berk, R. A., Berk, S. F., Newton, P. J., & Loseke, D. R. (1984). Cops on call: summoning the police to the scene of spousal violence. Law & Society Review, 18(3), 479–498. doi:10.​2307/​3053432.CrossRef
go back to reference Black, D. (1976). The behavior of law. New York: Academic. Black, D. (1976). The behavior of law. New York: Academic.
go back to reference Conaway, M. R., & Lohr, S. L. (1994). A longitudinal analysis of factors associated with violent crimes to the police. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10, 23–39. doi:10.1007/BF02221007.CrossRef Conaway, M. R., & Lohr, S. L. (1994). A longitudinal analysis of factors associated with violent crimes to the police. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 10, 23–39. doi:10.​1007/​BF02221007.CrossRef
go back to reference Demaris, A., & Kaukinen, C. (2005). Violent victimization and women’s mental and physical health: evidence from a national sample. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 42, 384–411. doi:10.1177/0022427804271922.CrossRef Demaris, A., & Kaukinen, C. (2005). Violent victimization and women’s mental and physical health: evidence from a national sample. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 42, 384–411. doi:10.​1177/​0022427804271922​.CrossRef
go back to reference Fattah, E. A. (1981). Becoming a victim: the victimization experience and its aftermath. Victimology, 6, 29–47. Fattah, E. A. (1981). Becoming a victim: the victimization experience and its aftermath. Victimology, 6, 29–47.
go back to reference Fishman, G. (1979). Patterns of victimisation and notification. The British Journal of Criminology, 19, 146–157. Fishman, G. (1979). Patterns of victimisation and notification. The British Journal of Criminology, 19, 146–157.
go back to reference Fleury, R. E., Sullivan, C. M., Bybee, D. I., & Davidson, W. S. (1998). “Why don’t they just call the cops?”: Reasons for differential police contact among women with abusive partners. Violence and Victims, 13, 333–346.PubMed Fleury, R. E., Sullivan, C. M., Bybee, D. I., & Davidson, W. S. (1998). “Why don’t they just call the cops?”: Reasons for differential police contact among women with abusive partners. Violence and Victims, 13, 333–346.PubMed
go back to reference Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., & Linder, G. F. (1999). Family violence and the perpetration of adolescent dating violence: examining social learning and social control processes. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 331–342. doi:10.2307/353752.CrossRef Foshee, V. A., Bauman, K. E., & Linder, G. F. (1999). Family violence and the perpetration of adolescent dating violence: examining social learning and social control processes. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 331–342. doi:10.​2307/​353752.CrossRef
go back to reference Gottfredson, M. R., & Gottfredson, D. M. (1980). Decision making in criminal justice: Toward the rational exercise of discretion. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger. Gottfredson, M. R., & Gottfredson, D. M. (1980). Decision making in criminal justice: Toward the rational exercise of discretion. Cambridge, MA: Ballinger.
go back to reference Goudriaan, H., Lynch, J. P., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2004). Reporting to the police in western nations: A theoretical analysis of the effects of social context. Justice Quarterly, 21, 933–969. doi:10.1080/07418820400096041.CrossRef Goudriaan, H., Lynch, J. P., & Nieuwbeerta, P. (2004). Reporting to the police in western nations: A theoretical analysis of the effects of social context. Justice Quarterly, 21, 933–969. doi:10.​1080/​0741882040009604​1.CrossRef
go back to reference Herbert, T. B., Silver, R. C., & Ellard, J. H. (1991). Coping with an abusive relationship: I. how and why do women stay? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 311–325. doi:10.2307/352901.CrossRef Herbert, T. B., Silver, R. C., & Ellard, J. H. (1991). Coping with an abusive relationship: I. how and why do women stay? Journal of Marriage and the Family, 53, 311–325. doi:10.​2307/​352901.CrossRef
go back to reference Hirschel, J. D., & Hutchison, I. W. (1992). Female spouse abuse and the police response: the Charlotte, North Carolina experiment. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 83, 73–119. doi:10.2307/1143825.CrossRef Hirschel, J. D., & Hutchison, I. W. (1992). Female spouse abuse and the police response: the Charlotte, North Carolina experiment. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 83, 73–119. doi:10.​2307/​1143825.CrossRef
go back to reference Hutchinson, I. W., Hirschel, J. D., & Pesackis, C. E. (1994). Family violence and police utilization. Violence and Victims, 9, 299–313. Hutchinson, I. W., Hirschel, J. D., & Pesackis, C. E. (1994). Family violence and police utilization. Violence and Victims, 9, 299–313.
go back to reference Iovanni, L., & Miller, S. L. (2001). Criminal justice response to domestic violence: Law enforcements and the courts. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L. Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 303–327). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Iovanni, L., & Miller, S. L. (2001). Criminal justice response to domestic violence: Law enforcements and the courts. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L. Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 303–327). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Jasinski, J. (2001). Theoretical explanations for violence against women. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L. Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 5–21). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Jasinski, J. (2001). Theoretical explanations for violence against women. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L. Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 5–21). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Johnson, M. P. (1995). Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: two forms of violence against women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 283–294. doi:10.2307/353683.CrossRef Johnson, M. P. (1995). Patriarchal terrorism and common couple violence: two forms of violence against women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 283–294. doi:10.​2307/​353683.CrossRef
go back to reference Kaukinen, C. (2002a). The help-seeking decisions of violent crime victims: an examination of the direct and conditional effects of gender and the victim–offender relationship. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 432–456. doi:10.1177/0886260502017004006.CrossRef Kaukinen, C. (2002a). The help-seeking decisions of violent crime victims: an examination of the direct and conditional effects of gender and the victim–offender relationship. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 17, 432–456. doi:10.​1177/​0886260502017004​006.CrossRef
go back to reference Kaukinen, C. (2002b). The help-seeking of women violent crimes victims: findings from the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 22, 5–44. doi:10.1108/01443330210790085.CrossRef Kaukinen, C. (2002b). The help-seeking of women violent crimes victims: findings from the Canadian Violence Against Women Survey. The International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 22, 5–44. doi:10.​1108/​0144333021079008​5.CrossRef
go back to reference Kaukinen, C. (2004a). The help-seeking strategies of female violent-crime victims: the direct and conditional effects of race and the victim–offender relationship. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 967–990. doi:10.1177/0886260504268000.PubMedCrossRef Kaukinen, C. (2004a). The help-seeking strategies of female violent-crime victims: the direct and conditional effects of race and the victim–offender relationship. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 19, 967–990. doi:10.​1177/​0886260504268000​.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Kaukinen, C. (2004b). Status compatibility, physical violence, and emotional abuse in intimate relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 66, 452–471.CrossRef Kaukinen, C. (2004b). Status compatibility, physical violence, and emotional abuse in intimate relationships. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 66, 452–471.CrossRef
go back to reference Kerker, B. D., Horwitz, S. M., Leventhal, J. M., Plichta, S., & Leaf, P. J. (2000). Identification of violence in the home: pediatric and parental reports. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, 457–462. Kerker, B. D., Horwitz, S. M., Leventhal, J. M., Plichta, S., & Leaf, P. J. (2000). Identification of violence in the home: pediatric and parental reports. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 154, 457–462.
go back to reference Kidd, R. F., & Chayet, E. F. (1984). Why do victims fail to report? The psychology of criminal victimization. The Journal of Social Issues, 40, 39–50.CrossRef Kidd, R. F., & Chayet, E. F. (1984). Why do victims fail to report? The psychology of criminal victimization. The Journal of Social Issues, 40, 39–50.CrossRef
go back to reference Landau, T. (1996). Policing and security in four remote aboriginal communities: a challenge to coercive models of police work. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 38, 1–32. Landau, T. (1996). Policing and security in four remote aboriginal communities: a challenge to coercive models of police work. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 38, 1–32.
go back to reference Mahoney, P., Williams, L. M., & West, C. M. (2001). Violence against women by intimate relationship partners. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L. Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 143–178). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Mahoney, P., Williams, L. M., & West, C. M. (2001). Violence against women by intimate relationship partners. In C. M. Renzetti, J. L. Edleson, & R. K. Bergen (Eds.), Sourcebook on violence against women (pp. 143–178). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Pagelow, M. D. (1981). Woman-battering: Victims and their experiences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Pagelow, M. D. (1981). Woman-battering: Victims and their experiences. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Schecter, S. (1988). Building bridges between activists, professionals, and researchers. In K. Yllö & M. Bogard (Eds.), Feminist perspectives on wife abuse (pp. 299–312). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage. Schecter, S. (1988). Building bridges between activists, professionals, and researchers. In K. Yllö & M. Bogard (Eds.), Feminist perspectives on wife abuse (pp. 299–312). Beverly Hills, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Sherman, L. W. (1992). The influence of criminology on criminal law: evaluating arrests for misdemeanor domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 83, 1–45. doi:10.2307/1143823.CrossRef Sherman, L. W. (1992). The influence of criminology on criminal law: evaluating arrests for misdemeanor domestic violence. Journal of Criminal Law & Criminology, 83, 1–45. doi:10.​2307/​1143823.CrossRef
go back to reference Stets, J. E., & Straus, M. A. (1990). The marriage license as hitting license: A comparison of assaults in dating, cohabiting, and married couples. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8, 145 families (pp. 227–244). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Stets, J. E., & Straus, M. A. (1990). The marriage license as hitting license: A comparison of assaults in dating, cohabiting, and married couples. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8, 145 families (pp. 227–244). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
go back to reference Statistics Canada. (1999). 1999 General Social Survey. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Microdata file. Statistics Canada. (1999). 1999 General Social Survey. Ottawa, ON, Canada: Microdata file.
go back to reference Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1986). Societal change and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national surveys. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 465–479. doi:10.2307/352033.CrossRef Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1986). Societal change and change in family violence from 1975 to 1985 as revealed by two national surveys. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 48, 465–479. doi:10.​2307/​352033.CrossRef
go back to reference Straus, M. A., & Smith, C. (1990). Family patterns and child abuse. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8, 145 families (pp. 245–260). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction. Straus, M. A., & Smith, C. (1990). Family patterns and child abuse. In M. A. Straus & R. J. Gelles (Eds.), Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8, 145 families (pp. 245–260). New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
go back to reference Strube, M. J., & Barbour, L. S. (1983). The decision to leave an abusive relationship: economic dependence and psychological commitment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 785–793. doi:10.2307/351791.CrossRef Strube, M. J., & Barbour, L. S. (1983). The decision to leave an abusive relationship: economic dependence and psychological commitment. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 45, 785–793. doi:10.​2307/​351791.CrossRef
go back to reference Weis, K. & Borges, S. S. (1973). Victimology and Rape: The Case of the Legitimate Victims. Issues in Criminology, 8, 71–115. Weis, K. & Borges, S. S. (1973). Victimology and Rape: The Case of the Legitimate Victims. Issues in Criminology, 8, 71–115.
go back to reference Wolfe, D. A., & Korsch, B. (1994). Witnessing domestic violence during childhood and adolescence: Implications for pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 94, 594–599.PubMed Wolfe, D. A., & Korsch, B. (1994). Witnessing domestic violence during childhood and adolescence: Implications for pediatric practice. Pediatrics, 94, 594–599.PubMed
go back to reference Wolfe, D. A., Crooks, C. V., Lee, V., McIntrye-Smith, A., & Jaffe, P. G. (2003). The effects of children’s exposure to domestic violence: a meta-analysis and critique. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 171–187. doi:10.1023/A:1024910416164.PubMedCrossRef Wolfe, D. A., Crooks, C. V., Lee, V., McIntrye-Smith, A., & Jaffe, P. G. (2003). The effects of children’s exposure to domestic violence: a meta-analysis and critique. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 6, 171–187. doi:10.​1023/​A:​1024910416164.PubMedCrossRef
go back to reference Wortley, S. (1999). A northern taboo: research on race, crime, and criminal justice in Canada. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 4, 261–274. Wortley, S. (1999). A northern taboo: research on race, crime, and criminal justice in Canada. Canadian Journal of Criminology, 4, 261–274.
Metadata
Title
The Police Reporting Behavior of Intimate Partner Violence Victims
Authors
Caroline Akers
Catherine Kaukinen
Publication date
01-04-2009
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Family Violence / Issue 3/2009
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-008-9213-4

Other articles of this Issue 3/2009

Journal of Family Violence 3/2009 Go to the issue