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Open Access 01-03-2012 | Original Article

The impact of bone mineral density and disc degeneration on shear strength and stiffness of the lumbar spine following laminectomy

Authors: Arno Bisschop, Margriet G. Mullender, Idsart Kingma, Timothy U. Jiya, Albert J. van der Veen, Jan C. Roos, Jaap H. van Dieën, Barend J. van Royen

Published in: European Spine Journal | Issue 3/2012

Abstract

Purpose

Laminectomy is a standard surgical procedure for elderly patients with symptomatic degenerative lumbar stenosis. The procedure aims at decompression of the affected nerves, but it also causes a reduction of spinal shear strength and shear stiffness. The magnitude of this reduction and the influence of bone mineral density (BMD) and disc degeneration are unknown. We studied the influence of laminectomy, BMD, and disc degeneration on shear force to failure (SFF) and shear stiffness (SS).

Methods

Ten human cadaveric lumbar spines were obtained (mean age 72.1 years, range 53–89 years). Laminectomy was performed either on L2 or L4, equally divided within the group of ten spines. BMD was assessed by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Low BMD was defined as a BMD value below the median. Intervertebral discs were assessed for degeneration by MRI (Pfirrmann) and scaled in mild and severe degeneration groups. Motion segments L2–L3 and L4–L5 were isolated from each spine. SFF and SS were measured, while loading simultaneously with 1,600 N axial compression.

Results

Low BMD had a significant negative effect on SFF. In addition, a significant interaction between low BMD and laminectomy was found. In the high BMD group, SFF was 2,482 N (range 1,678–3,284) and decreased to 1,371 N (range 940–1,886) after laminectomy. In the low BMD group, SFF was 1,339 N (range 909–1,628) and decreased to 761 N (range 561–1,221). Disc degeneration did not affect SFF, nor did it interact with laminectomy. Neither low BMD nor the interaction of low BMD and laminectomy did affect SS. Degeneration and its interaction with laminectomy did not significantly affect SS.

Conclusions

In conclusion, low BMD significantly decreased SFF before and after lumbar laminectomy. Therefore, DXA assessment may be an important asset to preoperative screening. Lumbar disc degeneration did not affect shear properties of lumbar segments before or after laminectomy.

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Title: The impact of bone mineral density and disc degeneration on shear strength and stiffness of the lumbar spine following laminectomy
Authors: Arno Bisschop
Margriet G. Mullender
Idsart Kingma
Timothy U. Jiya
Albert J. van der Veen
Jan C. Roos
Jaap H. van Dieën
Barend J. van Royen
Publication date: 01-03-2012
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: European Spine Journal / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 0940-6719
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0932
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-011-1968-2

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Springer Medicine

The impact of bone mineral density and disc degeneration on shear strength and stiffness of the lumbar spine following laminectomy

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusions

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