Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 3-4/2017

01-12-2017

The Evolution of Psychology as a Basic Bio-behavioral Science in Healthcare Education

Author: John E. Carr

Published in: Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings | Issue 3-4/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

For over a century, researchers and educators have called for the integration of psychological science into medical school curricula, but such efforts have been impeded by barriers within medicine and psychology. In addressing these barriers, Psychology has re-examined its relationship to Medicine, incorporated psychological practices into health care, and redefined its parameters as a science. In response to interdisciplinary research into the mechanisms of bio-behavioral interaction, Psychology evolved from an ancillary social science to a bio-behavioral science that is fundamental to medicine and health care. However, in recent medical school curriculum innovations, psychological science is being reduced to a set of “clinical skills,” and once again viewed as an ancillary social science. These developments warrant concern and consideration of new approaches to integrating psychological science in medical education.
Literature
go back to reference Berntson, G. G. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Handbook of neuroscience for the behavioral sciences. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.CrossRef Berntson, G. G. & Cacioppo, J. T. (2009). Handbook of neuroscience for the behavioral sciences. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.CrossRef
go back to reference Blalock, J. A., Fouladi, R. T., Cinciripini, P. M., Markowitz, J. C., Klein, D. N., Rothbaum, B. O., et al. (2008). Cognitive and behavioral mediators of combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of chronic depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 197–211.CrossRef Blalock, J. A., Fouladi, R. T., Cinciripini, P. M., Markowitz, J. C., Klein, D. N., Rothbaum, B. O., et al. (2008). Cognitive and behavioral mediators of combined pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy of chronic depression. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 32, 197–211.CrossRef
go back to reference Bradshaw, C., Carr, J.E., Grubbs, R.D., Heldring, H., Homans, L., & Popanz, T. (2010). Report of the Washington State Psychological Association Committee on Clinical Psychology Training. Submitted to Cynthia Belar, Education Directorate, American Psychological Association. Bradshaw, C., Carr, J.E., Grubbs, R.D., Heldring, H., Homans, L., & Popanz, T. (2010). Report of the Washington State Psychological Association Committee on Clinical Psychology Training. Submitted to Cynthia Belar, Education Directorate, American Psychological Association.
go back to reference Carr, J. E. (1994a). Basic behavioral science in medical education: The need for reform. Annals of Behavioral Science and Medical Education, 1, 5–13. Carr, J. E. (1994a). Basic behavioral science in medical education: The need for reform. Annals of Behavioral Science and Medical Education, 1, 5–13.
go back to reference Carr, J. E. (1994b). Psychology, behavioral sciences, and the challenge to medical education. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 1, 109–114.CrossRefPubMed Carr, J. E. (1994b). Psychology, behavioral sciences, and the challenge to medical education. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 1, 109–114.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Carr, J. E. (1996). Neuroendocrine and behavioral interaction in exposure treatment of phobic avoidance. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 1–15.CrossRef Carr, J. E. (1996). Neuroendocrine and behavioral interaction in exposure treatment of phobic avoidance. Clinical Psychology Review, 16, 1–15.CrossRef
go back to reference Carr, J. E. (1998). Proposal for an integrated science curriculum in medical education. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 10, 3–7.CrossRef Carr, J. E. (1998). Proposal for an integrated science curriculum in medical education. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 10, 3–7.CrossRef
go back to reference Carr, J. E. (2008). Advancing psychology as a bio-behavioral science. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 15, 40–44.CrossRefPubMed Carr, J. E. (2008). Advancing psychology as a bio-behavioral science. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 15, 40–44.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Carr, J. E., & Benjamin, G.A.H. (1997). The future of psychology in departments of psychiatry. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 4, 143–153.CrossRef Carr, J. E., & Benjamin, G.A.H. (1997). The future of psychology in departments of psychiatry. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 4, 143–153.CrossRef
go back to reference Carr, J. E., & Dengerink, H. A. (1983). Behavioral science in the practice of medicine. New York: Elsevier. Carr, J. E., & Dengerink, H. A. (1983). Behavioral science in the practice of medicine. New York: Elsevier.
go back to reference Carr, J. E., Emory, E. K., Errichetti, A., Bennett Johnson, S., & Reyes, E. (2007). Integrating behavioral and social sciences in the medical school curriculum: Opportunities and challenges for psychology. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 14, 33–39.CrossRef Carr, J. E., Emory, E. K., Errichetti, A., Bennett Johnson, S., & Reyes, E. (2007). Integrating behavioral and social sciences in the medical school curriculum: Opportunities and challenges for psychology. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 14, 33–39.CrossRef
go back to reference Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
go back to reference Cooke, M., Irby, D., Sullivan, W., & Ludmerer, K. (2006). American medical education 100 years after the Flexner report. New England Journal of Medicine, 355, 1339–1344.CrossRefPubMed Cooke, M., Irby, D., Sullivan, W., & Ludmerer, K. (2006). American medical education 100 years after the Flexner report. New England Journal of Medicine, 355, 1339–1344.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Egan, K., Carr, J., Hunt, D., & Adamson, R. (1988). The endogenous opioid system and systematic desensitization. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 287–291.CrossRefPubMed Egan, K., Carr, J., Hunt, D., & Adamson, R. (1988). The endogenous opioid system and systematic desensitization. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56, 287–291.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Engel, G. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge to biomedicine. Science, 196, 129–136.CrossRefPubMed Engel, G. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge to biomedicine. Science, 196, 129–136.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Engel, G. (1980). The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 535–544.CrossRefPubMed Engel, G. (1980). The clinical application of the biopsychosocial model. American Journal of Psychiatry, 137, 535–544.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Flexner, A. (1910). Medical education in the United States and Canada. Boston: Merrymount Press. Flexner, A. (1910). Medical education in the United States and Canada. Boston: Merrymount Press.
go back to reference Gazzaniga, M. S. (2009). The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press. Gazzaniga, M. S. (2009). The cognitive neurosciences. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
go back to reference Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1994). Handbook of human stress and immunity. San Diego: Academic Press. Glaser, R., & Kiecolt-Glaser, J. K. (1994). Handbook of human stress and immunity. San Diego: Academic Press.
go back to reference Health Service Psychology Education Collaborative [HSPEC] (2013). Professional psychology in health care services: A blueprint for education and training. American Psychologist, 68, 411–426.CrossRef Health Service Psychology Education Collaborative [HSPEC] (2013). Professional psychology in health care services: A blueprint for education and training. American Psychologist, 68, 411–426.CrossRef
go back to reference Hong, B. A., & Leventhal, G. (2004). Partnerships with psychiatry and other clinical disciplines: A key to psychology’s success in U.S. medical schools. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 11, 135–140.CrossRef Hong, B. A., & Leventhal, G. (2004). Partnerships with psychiatry and other clinical disciplines: A key to psychology’s success in U.S. medical schools. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 11, 135–140.CrossRef
go back to reference Hunt, D. D., Adamson, R., Egan, K., & Carr, J. E. (1988). Opioids: Mediators of fear or mania. Biological Psychiatry, 23, 426–428.CrossRefPubMed Hunt, D. D., Adamson, R., Egan, K., & Carr, J. E. (1988). Opioids: Mediators of fear or mania. Biological Psychiatry, 23, 426–428.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Institute of Medicine [IOM]. (2001). Health and behavior: The interplay of biological, behavioral, and societal influences. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Institute of Medicine [IOM]. (2001). Health and behavior: The interplay of biological, behavioral, and societal influences. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
go back to reference Institute of Medicine [IOM].(2004). In P.A. Cuff & N.A. Vanselow (Eds.), Improving medical education: Enhancing the behavioral and social science content of medical school curricula. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. Institute of Medicine [IOM].(2004). In P.A. Cuff & N.A. Vanselow (Eds.), Improving medical education: Enhancing the behavioral and social science content of medical school curricula. Washington, DC: National Academies Press.
go back to reference Kwasa, T. O., Townes, B., Hill, H., Carr, J., Mwai, S., & Schaffer, R. (1993). Behavioral mechanisms in AIDS patients under stress. East African Medical Journal, 70, 43–47.PubMed Kwasa, T. O., Townes, B., Hill, H., Carr, J., Mwai, S., & Schaffer, R. (1993). Behavioral mechanisms in AIDS patients under stress. East African Medical Journal, 70, 43–47.PubMed
go back to reference LaLonde, M. (1974). A new perspective in the health of Canadians. Ottawa: Ministry of National Health and Welfare. LaLonde, M. (1974). A new perspective in the health of Canadians. Ottawa: Ministry of National Health and Welfare.
go back to reference National Institutes of Health [NIH]. (2011). Behavioral and social science consortium for medical education: Final KO7 program executive summary. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health. National Institutes of Health [NIH]. (2011). Behavioral and social science consortium for medical education: Final KO7 program executive summary. Washington, DC: National Institutes of Health.
go back to reference Robiner, W. N., Dixon, K. E., Miner, J. L., & Hong, B. A. (2014). Psychologists in medical schools and academic medical centers. American Psychologist, 69, 230–248.CrossRefPubMed Robiner, W. N., Dixon, K. E., Miner, J. L., & Hong, B. A. (2014). Psychologists in medical schools and academic medical centers. American Psychologist, 69, 230–248.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Robiner, W. N., Fossum, T. A., & Hong, B. A. (2015). Bowling alone: The decline of social engagement and other challenges for the American Psychological Association and its divisions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 22, 366–383. Robiner, W. N., Fossum, T. A., & Hong, B. A. (2015). Bowling alone: The decline of social engagement and other challenges for the American Psychological Association and its divisions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 22, 366–383.
go back to reference Rovelli, C. (2014). Seven brief lessons on physics (p. 73). New York: Riverhead Books. Rovelli, C. (2014). Seven brief lessons on physics (p. 73). New York: Riverhead Books.
go back to reference Sahler, O. J., & Carr, J. E. (2003). The behavioral sciences and health care. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber.CrossRef Sahler, O. J., & Carr, J. E. (2003). The behavioral sciences and health care. Cambridge, MA: Hogrefe & Huber.CrossRef
go back to reference Schwartz, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., Meca, A., & Sauvigné, K. C. (2016). The role of neuroscience within psychology: A call for over inclusiveness. American Psychologist, 71, 52–70.CrossRefPubMed Schwartz, S. J., Lilienfeld, S. O., Meca, A., & Sauvigné, K. C. (2016). The role of neuroscience within psychology: A call for over inclusiveness. American Psychologist, 71, 52–70.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Silver, R. J., Carr, J. E., & Leventhal, G. (2005). History of the Association of Medical School Psychologists (AMSP), 1982–2005. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 12, 235–245.CrossRef Silver, R. J., Carr, J. E., & Leventhal, G. (2005). History of the Association of Medical School Psychologists (AMSP), 1982–2005. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 12, 235–245.CrossRef
go back to reference U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service. (1979). Healthy people: The surgeon general’s report on health promotion and disease prevention (Report No. DHEW-PHS-79-55071). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service. (1979). Healthy people: The surgeon general’s report on health promotion and disease prevention (Report No. DHEW-PHS-79-55071). Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office.
go back to reference Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459–482.CrossRef Yerkes, R. M., & Dodson, J. D. (1908). The relation of strength of stimulus to rapidity of habit-formation. Journal of Comparative Neurology and Psychology, 18, 459–482.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
The Evolution of Psychology as a Basic Bio-behavioral Science in Healthcare Education
Author
John E. Carr
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings / Issue 3-4/2017
Print ISSN: 1068-9583
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3572
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880-017-9507-x

Other articles of this Issue 3-4/2017

Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings 3-4/2017 Go to the issue