Skip to main content
Top
Published in: PharmacoEconomics 3/2000

01-09-2000 | Review Article

The Epidemic of Alzheimer’s Disease

How Can We Manage the Costs?

Authors: Dr Neil Johnson, Tim Davis, Nick Bosanquet

Published in: PharmacoEconomics | Issue 3/2000

Login to get access

Abstract

Alzheimer’s disease is one of several diseases of the elderly that has recently come into prominence for a number of reasons. First, its prevalence is set to increase as a result of the aging of Western populations. Secondly, the use of institutional care has fallen as a result of major policy changes in many countries, and this has caused a shift in the pattern of care for the elderly. Finally, the advent of innovative pharmacotherapy has caused third-party payers and clinicians to question the way in which this disease is best managed.
International epidemiological data for Western populations point to a potentially considerable increase in the prevalence of the disease over the next 2 decades. Although the cost estimates of the disease vary widely among, or indeed, within different Western countries, they may be considerable. It is clear that innovative strategies, e.g. the use of respite care, sheltered housing and pharmacotherapy, might serve to limit the amount of time patients spend in institutional care. Even a small reduction in this form of care might be sufficient to offset the costs of treatment.
What is lacking today are clear demonstrations as to how these new strategies might contribute to the overall management of this complex and multifactorial disease: this should be the joint focus of care providers and the pharmaceutical industry in the near future.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Aronson MK, Ooi WL, Geva DL, et al. Age-dependent incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the old. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 989–92PubMedCrossRef Aronson MK, Ooi WL, Geva DL, et al. Age-dependent incidence, prevalence, and mortality in the old. Arch Intern Med 1991; 151: 989–92PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Bosanquet N, May J, Johnson N. Alzheimer’s disease in the UK: burden of disease and future care. Health Policy Review No. 12. London: Imperial College of Science and Technology, 1998 Bosanquet N, May J, Johnson N. Alzheimer’s disease in the UK: burden of disease and future care. Health Policy Review No. 12. London: Imperial College of Science and Technology, 1998
3.
go back to reference Bickel H, Cooper B. Incidence and relative risk of dementia in an urban elderly population: findings of a prospective field study. Psychol Med 1994; 24: 179–92PubMedCrossRef Bickel H, Cooper B. Incidence and relative risk of dementia in an urban elderly population: findings of a prospective field study. Psychol Med 1994; 24: 179–92PubMedCrossRef
4.
go back to reference Rocca WL, Hofman A, Brayne C, et al. Frequency and distribution of Alzheimer’s disease in Europe: a collaborative study of 1980–1990 prevalence findings. Ann Neurol 1991; 30: 381–90PubMedCrossRef Rocca WL, Hofman A, Brayne C, et al. Frequency and distribution of Alzheimer’s disease in Europe: a collaborative study of 1980–1990 prevalence findings. Ann Neurol 1991; 30: 381–90PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Alzheimer’s Disease Society. The Alzheimer’s disease report, caring for dementia today and tomorrow. London: Alzheimer’s Disease Society, 1993 Alzheimer’s Disease Society. The Alzheimer’s disease report, caring for dementia today and tomorrow. London: Alzheimer’s Disease Society, 1993
6.
go back to reference Cavello MC, Fattore G. The economic and social burden of Alzheimer’s disease on families in the Lombardy region of Italy. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1997; 11 (4): 184–90 Cavello MC, Fattore G. The economic and social burden of Alzheimer’s disease on families in the Lombardy region of Italy. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 1997; 11 (4): 184–90
7.
go back to reference Ernst RL, Hay JW. Economic research on Alzheimer disease: a review of the literature. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Dis 1997; 11 (6): 135–45 Ernst RL, Hay JW. Economic research on Alzheimer disease: a review of the literature. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Dis 1997; 11 (6): 135–45
9.
go back to reference Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group. Canadian Study of Health and Aging: study methods and prevalence of dementia. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 150 (6): 899–913 Canadian Study of Health and Aging Working Group. Canadian Study of Health and Aging: study methods and prevalence of dementia. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 150 (6): 899–913
11.
go back to reference Jorm AF, Korten AE, Henderson AS. The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 76: 465–79PubMedCrossRef Jorm AF, Korten AE, Henderson AS. The prevalence of dementia: a quantitative integration of the literature. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1987; 76: 465–79PubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Katzman R, Kawas C. The epidemiology of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In: Terry RD, Katzman R, Bick KI, editors. Alzheimer’s disease. New York (NY): Raven Press, 1994: 105–22 Katzman R, Kawas C. The epidemiology of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. In: Terry RD, Katzman R, Bick KI, editors. Alzheimer’s disease. New York (NY): Raven Press, 1994: 105–22
13.
go back to reference Ritchie K, Kildea D. Is senile dementia ‘age-related’ or ageing-related? - evidence from meta-analysis of dementia prevalence in the oldest old. Lancet 1995; 346: 931–4PubMedCrossRef Ritchie K, Kildea D. Is senile dementia ‘age-related’ or ageing-related? - evidence from meta-analysis of dementia prevalence in the oldest old. Lancet 1995; 346: 931–4PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Gray A, Fenn P. Alzheimer’s disease: the burden of the illness in England. Health Trends 1993; 25: 31–7PubMed Gray A, Fenn P. Alzheimer’s disease: the burden of the illness in England. Health Trends 1993; 25: 31–7PubMed
15.
go back to reference Schneider J, Kavanagh S, Knapp M, et al. Elderly people with advanced cognitive impairment in England: resource use and costs. Aging Soc 1993; 13: 27–59CrossRef Schneider J, Kavanagh S, Knapp M, et al. Elderly people with advanced cognitive impairment in England: resource use and costs. Aging Soc 1993; 13: 27–59CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Ernst RL, Hay J. The US economic and social costs of Alzheimer’s disease revisited. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1261–4PubMedCrossRef Ernst RL, Hay J. The US economic and social costs of Alzheimer’s disease revisited. Am J Public Health 1994; 84: 1261–4PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Østbye T, Crosse E. Net economic costs of dementia in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 151 (10): 1457–64 Østbye T, Crosse E. Net economic costs of dementia in Canada. Can Med Assoc J 1994; 151 (10): 1457–64
18.
go back to reference Meek PD, McKeithan EK, Schumock GT. Economic considerations in Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacotherapy 1998; 18 (2): 68s-73sPubMed Meek PD, McKeithan EK, Schumock GT. Economic considerations in Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmacotherapy 1998; 18 (2): 68s-73sPubMed
19.
go back to reference Souêtre E, Thawaites RMA, Yeardly HL. Economic impact of Alzheimer’s disease in the UK: cost of care and disease severity for non-institutionalised patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 51–5PubMedCrossRef Souêtre E, Thawaites RMA, Yeardly HL. Economic impact of Alzheimer’s disease in the UK: cost of care and disease severity for non-institutionalised patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Br J Psychiatry 1999; 174: 51–5PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Greener M. Counting the cost of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmaceutical Times 1999 May: 19 Greener M. Counting the cost of Alzheimer’s disease. Pharmaceutical Times 1999 May: 19
21.
go back to reference Hux MJ, O’Brien B, Iskedjian M, et al. Relation between severity of Alzheimer’s disease and costs of caring. Can Med Assoc J 1998; 159: 457–65 Hux MJ, O’Brien B, Iskedjian M, et al. Relation between severity of Alzheimer’s disease and costs of caring. Can Med Assoc J 1998; 159: 457–65
22.
go back to reference Bosanquet N, Huttin C, Kurz A, et al. Alzheimer’s disease: an international perspective on care delivery. Health Policy Review Paper No. 11. London: Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London, 1997 Bosanquet N, Huttin C, Kurz A, et al. Alzheimer’s disease: an international perspective on care delivery. Health Policy Review Paper No. 11. London: Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of London, 1997
23.
go back to reference Portrait of seniors in Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1990 Portrait of seniors in Canada. Ottawa: Statistics Canada, 1990
24.
go back to reference Care of elderly: market survey. London: Laing and Buisson, 1995 Care of elderly: market survey. London: Laing and Buisson, 1995
25.
go back to reference Pear R. Clinton seeks aid for the care of those with chronic ills. New York Times 1999 Jan 4: A1 Pear R. Clinton seeks aid for the care of those with chronic ills. New York Times 1999 Jan 4: A1
26.
go back to reference Kavanagh S, Schneider J, Knapp M, et al. Elderly people with dementia: costs, effectiveness and balance of care. In: Knapp M, editor. The economic evaluation of mental health care. Aldershot: Arena, 1995: 125–56 Kavanagh S, Schneider J, Knapp M, et al. Elderly people with dementia: costs, effectiveness and balance of care. In: Knapp M, editor. The economic evaluation of mental health care. Aldershot: Arena, 1995: 125–56
27.
go back to reference Foster RH, Plosker GL. Donepezil: pharmacoeconomic implications of therapy. Pharmacoeconomics 1999; 16 (1): 99–114PubMedCrossRef Foster RH, Plosker GL. Donepezil: pharmacoeconomic implications of therapy. Pharmacoeconomics 1999; 16 (1): 99–114PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference O’Brien BJ, Goeree R, Hux M, et al. Economic evaluation of donepezil for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in Canada. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47 (5): 570–8PubMed O’Brien BJ, Goeree R, Hux M, et al. Economic evaluation of donepezil for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease in Canada. J Am Geriatr Soc 1999; 47 (5): 570–8PubMed
29.
go back to reference Kanowski S. Cost benefit evaluation of drug treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1998; Suppl. 6: 275–80 Kanowski S. Cost benefit evaluation of drug treatment for Alzheimer’s disease. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 1998; Suppl. 6: 275–80
30.
31.
go back to reference Donoghue J, Slee A. Can the NHS afford new Alzheimer’s disease treatments? Pharmacists as patient advocates. Pharm J 1998; 260: 84 Donoghue J, Slee A. Can the NHS afford new Alzheimer’s disease treatments? Pharmacists as patient advocates. Pharm J 1998; 260: 84
33.
go back to reference Leon J, Cheng CK, Neumann P. Alzheimer’s disease care: costs and potential savings. Health Affairs 1998; 17 (6): 206–16PubMedCrossRef Leon J, Cheng CK, Neumann P. Alzheimer’s disease care: costs and potential savings. Health Affairs 1998; 17 (6): 206–16PubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Three new Alzheimer’s programs, including respite care begin. Disease Management News 1998 Aug 10; 3–4 Three new Alzheimer’s programs, including respite care begin. Disease Management News 1998 Aug 10; 3–4
35.
go back to reference Garner P, Godel M. Specialised early care for Alzheimer’s (SPECAL): making a present of the past. Oxford: Oxfordshire Mental Healthcare NHS Trust, 1996 Garner P, Godel M. Specialised early care for Alzheimer’s (SPECAL): making a present of the past. Oxford: Oxfordshire Mental Healthcare NHS Trust, 1996
36.
go back to reference The Paignton and Brixham GP project. Torquay: South Devon Carers Consortium, 1996 Apr [start date] The Paignton and Brixham GP project. Torquay: South Devon Carers Consortium, 1996 Apr [start date]
Metadata
Title
The Epidemic of Alzheimer’s Disease
How Can We Manage the Costs?
Authors
Dr Neil Johnson
Tim Davis
Nick Bosanquet
Publication date
01-09-2000
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
PharmacoEconomics / Issue 3/2000
Print ISSN: 1170-7690
Electronic ISSN: 1179-2027
DOI
https://doi.org/10.2165/00019053-200018030-00002

Other articles of this Issue 3/2000

PharmacoEconomics 3/2000 Go to the issue

Adis Pharmacoeconomic Drug Evaluation

Glipizide