The effects of orchiopexy on serum anti-Müllerian hormone levels in unilateral cryptorchid infants

Background/Purpose: In males, serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) reflects Sertoli cell function and provides an estimate of seminiferous tubular integrity. It has been suggested that comparison of AMH levels before and after surgery could be useful to determine effectiveness of the treatment. In this study, we determined the serum AMH levels in infants with unilateral cryptorchidism before and after orchiopexy procedure and compared these data with the AMH values in age-matched controls. Methods: The study population was 20 cryptorchid children with unilateral palpable testes who underwent orchiopexy as a cryptorchid group, and 20 healthy children who underwent circumcision as a control group. All children are 12 months of age. Serum AMH levels were measured at just before surgery (at 12 month old) and 6 months after surgery (at 18 month old). Results and Conclusions: All undescended testes were found to be normal in size and in the superficial inguinal pouch or subcutaneous region of the groin at surgery. With regard to the preoperative serum AMH levels, there was a significant difference between the cryptorchid and the control groups (40.04±4.97 ng/ml versus 53.46±7.51 ng/ml) (P<0.05). Similarly, the postoperative serum AMH levels were lower in cryptorchid children than in controls (39.27±4.58 ng/ml versus 52.79±6.27 ng/ml) (P<0.05). In cryptorchid children, serum AMH levels measured at 6 months after orchiopexy were similar with preoperative basal levels (40.04±4.97 ng/ml versus 39.27±4.58 ng/ml) (P>0.05). AMH levels in children with unilateral palpable undescended testes remain unchanged 6 months after orchiopexy performed at 1 year of age. This is the first report in literature regarding the effect of orchiopexy on the serum AMH levels.