Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Public Health 1/2018

01-01-2018 | Original Article

The effects of non-physical peer sexual harassment on high school students’ psychological well-being in Norway: consistent and stable findings across studies

Authors: Mons Bendixen, Josef Daveronis, Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair

Published in: International Journal of Public Health | Issue 1/2018

Login to get access

Abstract

Objectives

The paper examines how strongly non-physical peer sexual harassment is associated with a wide range of well-being outcomes from symptoms of depression and anxiety to self-esteem and body image.

Methods

Two large community samples of high school students were analyzed (n = 1384 and n = 1485). Students responded to questionnaires on being subject to non-physical sexual harassment, sexual coercion and forced intercourse, and to well-being indicators ranging from anxiety, depression, self-esteem, body image.

Results

Regression analyses suggest that being harassed by peers in a non-physical way was moderately associated with lower levels of well-being over and above the effect of other risk factors. This effect was present for all indicators of well-being. The effect of peer harassment on depressive symptoms was moderated by sex (affected women more) but not by sexual or ethnic minority status.

Conclusions

The findings imply that although sticks and stones may break bones, it does seem that derogatory words and other forms of non-physical sexual harassment definitely harm high school students.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Alsaker FD (1992) Pubertal timing, overweight, and psychological adjustment. J Early Adolesc 12:396–419CrossRef Alsaker FD (1992) Pubertal timing, overweight, and psychological adjustment. J Early Adolesc 12:396–419CrossRef
go back to reference Alsaker FD, Olweus D (1986) Assessment of global negative self-evaluations and percieved stability of self in Norwegian preadolscents and adolescents. J Early Adolesc 6:269–278CrossRef Alsaker FD, Olweus D (1986) Assessment of global negative self-evaluations and percieved stability of self in Norwegian preadolscents and adolescents. J Early Adolesc 6:269–278CrossRef
go back to reference American Association of University Women (2001) Hostile hallways: bullying, teasing, and sexual harassment in school. American Association of University Women, Washington, DC American Association of University Women (2001) Hostile hallways: bullying, teasing, and sexual harassment in school. American Association of University Women, Washington, DC
go back to reference Bech P, Rasmussen NA, Olsen LR, Noerholm V, Abildgaard W (2001) The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity. J Affect Disord 66:159–164CrossRefPubMed Bech P, Rasmussen NA, Olsen LR, Noerholm V, Abildgaard W (2001) The sensitivity and specificity of the Major Depression Inventory, using the Present State Examination as the index of diagnostic validity. J Affect Disord 66:159–164CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Bendixen M, Kennair LEO (2014) Resultater fra prosjekt Seksuell helse og trakassering i videregående opplæring 2013–2014 [Findings from the Sexual health and harassment project in high school education 2013-2014]. vol ISBN 978-82-8094-018-6 (pdf). NTNU, Trondheim Bendixen M, Kennair LEO (2014) Resultater fra prosjekt Seksuell helse og trakassering i videregående opplæring 2013–2014 [Findings from the Sexual health and harassment project in high school education 2013-2014]. vol ISBN 978-82-8094-018-6 (pdf). NTNU, Trondheim
go back to reference Buss DM, Duntley JD (2008) Adaptations for exploitation Group Dyn 12:53–62CrossRef Buss DM, Duntley JD (2008) Adaptations for exploitation Group Dyn 12:53–62CrossRef
go back to reference Felix ED, McMahon SD (2006) Gender and multiple forms of peer victimization: how do they influence adolescent psychosocial adjustment? Violence Vict 21:707–724CrossRefPubMed Felix ED, McMahon SD (2006) Gender and multiple forms of peer victimization: how do they influence adolescent psychosocial adjustment? Violence Vict 21:707–724CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gotlib IH, Hammen CL (2015) Handbook of depression. Guilford Press, New York Gotlib IH, Hammen CL (2015) Handbook of depression. Guilford Press, New York
go back to reference Nolen-Hoeksema S (2001) Gender differences in Depression. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 10:173–176CrossRef Nolen-Hoeksema S (2001) Gender differences in Depression. Curr Dir Psychol Sci 10:173–176CrossRef
go back to reference Paludi MA (1997) Sexual harassement in schools. In: O’Donohue W (ed) Sexual harassement: theory, research, and treatment. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, pp 225–249 Paludi MA (1997) Sexual harassement in schools. In: O’Donohue W (ed) Sexual harassement: theory, research, and treatment. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, pp 225–249
go back to reference Rosenberg M (1965) Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press, PrincetonCrossRef Rosenberg M (1965) Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton University Press, PrincetonCrossRef
go back to reference StataCorp (2015) Stata Statistical Software: release 14. StataCorp LP, College Station StataCorp (2015) Stata Statistical Software: release 14. StataCorp LP, College Station
Metadata
Title
The effects of non-physical peer sexual harassment on high school students’ psychological well-being in Norway: consistent and stable findings across studies
Authors
Mons Bendixen
Josef Daveronis
Leif Edward Ottesen Kennair
Publication date
01-01-2018
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
International Journal of Public Health / Issue 1/2018
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Electronic ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-017-1049-3

Other articles of this Issue 1/2018

International Journal of Public Health 1/2018 Go to the issue