Top

Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery

Published in:

01-12-2018 | Review Article

The effect of storage solutions on endothelial function and saphenous vein graft patency

Authors: Ismail Bouhout, Walid Ben Ali, Louis Paul Perrault

Published in: Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery | Special Issue 3/2018

Abstract

Vein graft failure is a complex mechanism that can be triggered immediately after surgical harvesting. Storage solutions have a major role in preventing endothelial cell damage during harvesting. While normal saline is still widely used, buffered solutions seem to better preserve endothelial integrity and function. This review aims to summarize the current literature surrounding vein graft storage solutions.

Goldman S, Zadina K, Moritz T, et al. Long-term patency of saphenous vein and left internal mammary artery grafts after coronary artery bypass surgery: Results from a department of veterans affairs cooperative study. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:2149–56.CrossRefPubMed

McNeely C, Markwell S, Vassileva C. Trends in patient characteristics and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting in the 2000 to 2012 medicare population. Ann Thorac Surg. 2016;102:132–8.CrossRefPubMed

de Vries MR, Simons KH, Jukema JW, Braun J, Quax PH. Vein graft failure: From pathophysiology to clinical outcomes. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2016;13:451–70.CrossRefPubMed

Alexander JH, Hafley G, Harrington RA, et al. Efficacy and safety of edifoligide, an e2f transcription factor decoy, for prevention of vein graft failure following coronary artery bypass graft surgery: PREVENT IV: A randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;294:2446–54.CrossRef

Harskamp RE, Alexander JH, Schulte PJ, et al. Vein graft preservation solutions, patency, and outcomes after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: Follow-up from the prevent iv randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2014;149:798–805.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Williams JB, Harskamp RE, Bose S, et al. The preservation and handling of vein grafts in current surgical practice: Findings of a survey among cardiovascular surgeons of top-ranked us hospitals. JAMA Surg. 2015;150:681–3.CrossRefPubMed

Schachner T. Pharmacologic inhibition of vein graft neointimal hyperplasia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2006;131:1065–72.CrossRefPubMed

Schlitt A, Pruefer D, Buerke U, et al. Neutrophil adherence to activated saphenous vein and mammary endothelium after graft preparation. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;81:1262–8.CrossRefPubMed

Weiss DR, Juchem G, Kemkes BM, Gansera B, Nees S. Extensive deendothelialization and thrombogenicity in routinely prepared vein grafts for coronary bypass operations: Facts and remedy. Int J Clin Exp Med. 2009;2:95–113.PubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Shuhaiber JH, Evans AN, Massad MG, Geha AS. Mechanisms and future directions for prevention of vein graft failure in coronary bypass surgery. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2002;22:387–96.CrossRefPubMed

11.

Sur S, Sugimoto JT, Agrawal DK. Coronary artery bypass graft: Why is the saphenous vein prone to intimal hyperplasia? Can J Physiol Pharmacol. 2014;92:531–45.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Lamm P, Juchem G, Milz S, Reichart B. Continuous graft perfusion: Optimizing the quality of saphenous vein grafts. Heart Surg Forum. 2002;5:S355–61.PubMed

13.

Lopes RD, Hafley GE, Allen KB, et al. Endoscopic versus open vein-graft harvesting in coronary-artery bypass surgery. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:235–44.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Owens CD, Gasper WJ, Rahman AS, Conte MS. Vein graft failure. J Vasc Surg. 2015;61:203–16.CrossRefPubMed

15.

Hinokiyama K, Valen G, Tokuno S, Vedin JB, Vaage J. Vein graft harvesting induces inflammation and impairs vessel reactivity. Ann Thorac Surg. 2006;82:1458–64.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Owens CD, Wake N, Conte MS, Gerhard-Herman M, Beckman JA. In vivo human lower extremity saphenous vein bypass grafts manifest flow mediated vasodilation. J Vasc Surg. 2009;50:1063–70.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

17.

Loscalzo J. Vascular matrix and vein graft failure. Is the message in the medium? Circulation. 2000;101:221–3.CrossRefPubMed

18.

Taggart DP, Ben Gal Y, Lees B, et al. A randomized trial of external stenting for saphenous vein grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 2015;99:2039–45.CrossRefPubMed

19.

Kim KB, Hwang HY, Hahn S, Kim JS, Oh SJ. A randomized comparison of the saphenous vein versus right internal thoracic artery as a y-composite graft (save rita) trial: One-year angiographic results and mid-term clinical outcomes. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;148:901–7.CrossRefPubMed

20.

Catinella FP, Cunningham JN Jr, Srungaram RK, et al. The factors influencing early patency of coronary artery bypass vein grafts: Correlation of angiographic and ultrastructural findings. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1982;83:686–700.PubMed

21.

Sanchez AM, Wooldridge TA, Boerboom LE, Olinger GN, Almassi GH, Rusch NJ. Comparison of saphenous vein graft relaxation between plasma-lyte solution and normal saline solution. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1994;107:1445–53.PubMed

22.

Hickethier T, Dammrich J, Silber RE, Finster S, Elert O. Ultrastructural investigations for reducing endothelial cell damage of vein grafts during CABG-operation and practical consequences. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1999;40:71–6.

23.

Kown MH, Yamaguchi A, Jahncke CL, et al. L-arginine polymers inhibit the development of vein graft neointimal hyperplasia. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2001;121:971–80.CrossRefPubMed

24.

Biswas KS, Thatte HS, Najjar SF, et al. Multi-photon microscopy in the evaluation of human saphenous vein. J Surg Res. 2001;95:37–43.CrossRefPubMed

25.

Wilbring M, Tugtekin SM, Zatschler B, et al. Even short-time storage in physiological saline solution impairs endothelial vascular function of saphenous vein grafts. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2011;40:811–5.PubMed

26.

Lawrie GM, Weilbacher DE, Henry PD. Endothelium-dependent relaxation in human saphenous vein grafts. Effects of preparation and clinicopathologic correlations. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1990;100:612–20.PubMed

27.

Bush HL Jr, Jakubowski JA, Curl GR, Deykin D, Nabseth DC. The natural history of endothelial structure and function in arterialized vein grafts. J Vasc Surg. 1986;3:204–15.CrossRefPubMed

28.

Chester AH, O'Neil GS, Tadjakarimi S, Borland JA, Yacoub MH. Effect of peri-operative storage solution on the vascular reactivity of the human saphenous vein. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1993;7:399–404.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Cavallari N, Abebe W, Mingoli A, et al. Functional and morphological evaluation of canine veins following preservation in different storage media. J Surg Res. 1997;68:106–15.CrossRefPubMed

30.

Wilbring M, Ebner A, Schoenemann K, et al. Heparinized blood better preserves cellular energy charge and vascular functions of intraoperatively stored saphenous vein grafts in comparison to isotonic sodium-chloride-solution. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2013;55:445–55.PubMed

31.

Gundry SR, Jones M, Ishihara T, Ferrans VJ. Optimal preparation techniques for human saphenous vein grafts. Surgery. 1980;88:785–94.PubMed

32.

Santoli E, Di Mattia D, Boldorini R, Mingoli A, Tosoni A, Santoli C. University of wisconsin solution and human saphenous vein graft preservation: Preliminary anatomic report. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1993;7:548–52.CrossRefPubMed

33.

Dumanski A, Sopel M, Pelczar M, Szlapka M, Kustrzycki W, Zabel M. Influence of pressure on the endothelium of the saphenous vein coronary artery bypass graft. In Vivo. 2007;21:785–9.PubMed

34.

Tsakok M, Montgomery-Taylor S, Tsakok T. Storage of saphenous vein grafts prior to coronary artery bypass grafting: Is autologous whole blood more effective than saline in preserving graft function? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg. 2012;15:720–5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Wise ES, Hocking KM, Cheung-Flynn J, Brophy CM. Balanced, ph-buffered preservation solutions improved physiologic response in human saphenous vein graft. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2014;34:A322.

36.

Bas M, Luther B, Knopf A, Suvorava T, Kojda G. Preservation of endothelial and smooth muscle function of human saphenous vein transplants. Exp Clin Transplant. 2016;14:86–92.PubMed

37.

Schaeffer U, Strohschneider T, Pilch H, et al. Influence of several solutions used in bypass surgery on the perrmeability of the endothelium of carotid arteries in new zealand rabbits. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1999;47:240–3.CrossRefPubMed

38.

Garbe S, Zatschler B, Muller B, et al. Preservation of human artery function following prolonged cold storage with a new solution. J Vasc Surg. 2011;53:1063–70.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Veres G, Hegedus P, Barnucz E, et al. Tiprotec preserves endothelial function in a rat model. J Surg Res. 2016;200:346–55.CrossRefPubMed

40.

Wilbring M, Tugtekin SM, Zatschler B, et al. Preservation of endothelial vascular function of saphenous vein grafts after long-time storage with a recently developed potassium-chloride and n-acetylhistidine enriched storage solution. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2013;61:656–62.PubMed

41.

He GW, Rosenfeldt FL, Angus JA. Pharmacological relaxation of the saphenous vein during harvesting for coronary artery bypass grafting. Ann Thorac Surg. 1993;55:1210–7.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Wise ES, Hocking KM, Luo W, et al. Traditional graft preparation decreases physiologic responses, diminishes viscoelasticity, and reduces cellular viability of the conduit: A porcine saphenous vein model. Vasc Med. 2016;21:413–21.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

43.

Thatte HS, Biswas KS, Najjar SF, et al. Multi-photon microscopic evaluation of saphenous vein endothelium and its preservation with a new solution, GALA. Ann Thorac Surg. 2003;75:1145–52.CrossRefPubMed

44.

Thatte HS, Khuri SF. The coronary artery bypass conduit: I. Intraoperative endothelial injury and its implication on graft patency. Ann Thorac Surg. 2001;72:S2245–52.CrossRefPubMed

45.

Bhardwaj S, Roy H, Yla-Herttuala S. Gene therapy to prevent occlusion of venous bypass grafts. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther. 2008;6:641–52.CrossRefPubMed

46.

Chandiwal A, Balasubramanian V, Baldwin ZK, Conte MS, Schwartz LB. Gene therapy for the extension of vein graft patency: A review. Vasc Endovascular Surg. 2005;39:1–14.CrossRefPubMed

47.

Alexander JH, Ferguson TB Jr, Joseph DM, et al. The project of ex-vivo vein graft engineering via transfection iv (prevent iv) trial: Study rationale, design, and baseline patient characteristics. Am Heart J. 2005;150:643–9.CrossRefPubMed

48.

Stahli BE, Gebhard C, Duchatelle V, et al. Effects of the P-selectin antagonist inclacumab on myocardial damage after percutaneous coronary intervention according to timing of infusion: Insights from the SELECT-ACS trial. J Am Heart Assoc. 2016;5.pii:e004255.

49.

Nakao A, Huang CS, Stolz DB, et al. Ex vivo carbon monoxide delivery inhibits intimal hyperplasia in arterialized vein grafts. Cardiovasc Res. 2011;89:457–63.CrossRefPubMed

Title: The effect of storage solutions on endothelial function and saphenous vein graft patency
Authors: Ismail Bouhout
Walid Ben Ali
Louis Paul Perrault
Publication date: 01-12-2018
Publisher: Springer Singapore
Published in: Indian Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery / Issue Special Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 0970-9134
Electronic ISSN: 0973-7723
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12055-018-0720-5

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

The effect of storage solutions on endothelial function and saphenous vein graft patency

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Special Issue 3/2018

Current role of saphenous vein graft in coronary artery bypass grafting

Viability testing to guide myocardial revascularisation in patients with heart failure

Genetics, coronary artery disease, and myocardial revascularization: will novel genetic risk scores bring new answers?

Heart Team—the Indian perspective

A review of hybrid coronary revascularization

Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR): current status and future directions