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Open Access 01-09-2020 | Original Article

The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood

Authors: Christos Pliatsikas, Lotte Meteyard, João Veríssimo, Vincent DeLuca, Kyle Shattuck, Michael T. Ullman

Published in: Brain Structure and Function | Issue 7/2020

Abstract

Bilingualism affects the structure of the brain in adults, as evidenced by experience-dependent grey and white matter changes in brain structures implicated in language learning, processing, and control. However, limited evidence exists on how bilingualism may influence brain development. We examined the developmental patterns of both grey and white matter structures in a cross-sectional study of a large sample (n = 711 for grey matter, n = 637 for white matter) of bilingual and monolingual participants, aged 3–21 years. Metrics of grey matter (thickness, volume, and surface area) and white matter (fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity) were examined across 41 cortical and subcortical brain structures and 20 tracts, respectively. We used generalized additive modelling to analyze whether, how, and where the developmental trajectories of bilinguals and monolinguals might differ. Bilingual and monolingual participants manifested distinct developmental trajectories in both grey and white matter structures. As compared to monolinguals, bilinguals showed: (a) more grey matter (less developmental loss) starting during late childhood and adolescence, mainly in frontal and parietal regions (particularly in the inferior frontal gyrus pars opercularis, superior frontal cortex, inferior and superior parietal cortex, and precuneus); and (b) higher white matter integrity (greater developmental increase) starting during mid-late adolescence, specifically in striatal–inferior frontal fibers. The data suggest that there may be a developmental basis to the well-documented structural differences in the brain between bilingual and monolingual adults.

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Title: The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood
Authors: Christos Pliatsikas
Lotte Meteyard
João Veríssimo
Vincent DeLuca
Kyle Shattuck
Michael T. Ullman
Publication date: 01-09-2020
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Brain Structure and Function / Issue 7/2020
Print ISSN: 1863-2653
Electronic ISSN: 1863-2661
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-020-02115-5

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The effect of bilingualism on brain development from early childhood to young adulthood

Abstract

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Abstract

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