Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1/2003

01-06-2003

The classification of lymphomas: a new beginning or the end of an era?

Author: A. S. Jack

Published in: European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging | Special Issue 1/2003

Login to get access

Abstract.

The World Health Organisation Classification of Tumours of the Haematopoietic and Lymphoid Tissues has recently been published. This is the latest in a long line of classifications of haematological malignancies and will be the international standard. It is now possible to achieve high levels of diagnostic accuracy for the main types of lymphoma. However, many of the entities encompass a wide spectrum of clinical outcomes and this approach to classification may be insufficiently precise for the future needs of haematological oncology. Rapid progress in targeted therapies may require further developments in tumour classification based on pathogenic features rather than arbitrary morphological criteria.
Literature
1.
Jaffe ES, Harris NL, Stein H, Vardiman JW. Tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC Press, 2001.
2.
Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Stein H, et al. A revised European-American classification of lymphoid neoplasms: a proposal from the international lymphoma study group. Blood 1994; 84:1361–1392.
3.
Fisher RI, Miller TP, Grogan TM. New REAL clinical entities. Cancer J Sci Am 1998; 4 Suppl 2:S5–S12.
4.
Weisenburger DD. Nodal marginal zone lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24:315–317.
5.
Zucca E, Bertoni F, Roggero E, Cavalli F. The gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type. Blood 2000; 96:410–419.
6.
Dierlamm J, Wlodarska I, Michaux L, et al. Genetic abnormalities in marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Hematol Oncol 2000; 18:1–13.
7.
Campo E, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES. Mantle-cell lymphoma. Semin Hematol 1999; 36:115–127.
8.
Gagneten D, Hijazi YM, Jaffe ES, Solomon D. Mantle cell lymphoma: a cytopathological and immunocytochemical study. Diagn Cytopathol 1996; 14:32–37.
9.
A clinical evaluation of the International Lymphoma Study Group classification of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. The Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma Classification Project. Blood 1997; 89:3909–3918.
10.
Owen RG, Parapia LA, Higginson J, et al. Clinicopathological correlates of IgM paraproteinemias. Clin Lymphoma 2000; 1:39–43.
11.
Rawstron AC, Green MJ, Kuzmicki A, et al. Monoclonal B lymphocytes with the characteristics of "indolent" chronic lymphocytic leukemia are present in 3.5% of adults with normal blood counts. Blood 2002; 100:635–639.
12.
Kipps TJ. Genetics of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Hematol Cell Ther 2000; 42:5–14.
13.
Damle RN, Wasil T, Fais F, et al. Ig V gene mutation status and CD38 expression as novel prognostic indicators in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1999; 94:1840–1847.
14.
Hamblin TJ, Davis Z, Gardiner A, Oscier DG, Stevenson FK. Unmutated Ig V(H) genes are associated with a more aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1999;94:1848–54.
15.
Starostik P, O'Brien S, Chung CY, et al. The prognostic significance of 13q14 deletions in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 1999; 23:795–801.
16.
Alizadeh AA, Eisen MB, Davis RE, et al. Distinct types of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma identified by gene expression profiling. Nature 2000; 403:503–511.
17.
Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Fischer K, Bentz M, Lichter P. Cytogenetic and molecular cytogenetic analysis of B cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: specific chromosome aberrations identify prognostic subgroups of patients and point to loci of candidate genes. Leukemia 1997; 11 Suppl 2:S19–S24.
18.
Dohner H, Stilgenbauer S, Dohner K, Bentz M, Lichter P. Chromosome aberrations in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia: reassessment based on molecular cytogenetic analysis. J Mol Med 1999; 77:266–281.
19.
Thieblemont C, Berger F, Dumontet C, et al. Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma is a disseminated disease in one third of 158 patients analyzed. Blood 2000; 95:802–806.
20.
Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, et al. Non-MALT marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a description of clinical presentation and outcome in 124 patients. Blood 2000; 95:1950–1956.
21.
Campo E, Miquel R, Krenacs L, Sorbara L, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES. Primary nodal marginal zone lymphomas of splenic and MALT type. Am J Surg Pathol 1999; 23:59–68.
22.
Owen RG, Barrans SL, Richards SJ, et al. Waldenström macroglobulinemia. Development of diagnostic criteria and identification of prognostic factors. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 116:420–428.
23.
Yamamoto T, Ohi M, Nishioka K. Lymphomatoid papulosis associated with Sjögren's syndrome. J Dermatol 2002; 29:174–177.
24.
Wotherspoon AC. Gastric lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue and Helicobacter pylori. Annu Rev Med 1998; 49:289–299.
25.
Fischbach W. Gastrointestinal lymphomas: the Würzburg study experience. Recent Results Cancer Res 2000; 156:134–140.
26.
Liu H, Ruskon-Fourmestraux A, Lavergne-Slove A, et al. Resistance of t(11;18) positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma to Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy. Lancet 2001; 357:39–40.
27.
Sugiyama T, Asaka M, Nakamura T, Nakamura S, Yonezumi S, Seto M. API2-MALT1 chimeric transcript is a predictive marker for the responsiveness of H. pylori eradication treatment in low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. Gastroenterology 2001; 120:1884–1885.
28.
Hoeve MA, Gisbertz IA, Schouten HC, et al. Gastric low-grade MALT lymphoma, high-grade MALT lymphoma and diffuse large B cell lymphoma show different frequencies of trisomy. Leukemia 1999; 13:799–807.
29.
Starostik P, Patzner J, Greiner A, et al. Gastric marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of MALT type develop along 2 distinct pathogenetic pathways. Blood 2002; 99:3–9.
30.
Calvert RJ, Evans PA, Randerson JA, Jack AS, Morgan GJ, Dixon MF. The significance of B-cell clonality in gastric lymphoid infiltrates. J Pathol 1996; 180:26–32.
31.
Durie DG, Salmon SE. A clinical staging system for multiple myeloma. Correlation of measured myeloma cell mass with presenting clinical features, response to treatment and survival. Cancer 1977; 36:842–854.
32.
Salmon SE, Cassady JR. Plasma cell neoplasms. In: DeVita VT, Hellman S, Rosenberg S. eds. Cancer principles and practice of oncology. Philadelphia: Lippincott, p 1854.
33.
Rawstron AC, Fenton JA, Ashcroft J, et al. The interleukin-6 receptor alpha-chain (CD126) is expressed by neoplastic but not normal plasma cells. Blood 2000; 96:3880–3886.
34.
Rawstron AC, Owen RG, Davies FE, et al. Circulating plasma cells in multiple myeloma: characterization and correlation with disease stage. Br J Haematol 1997; 97:46–55.
35.
Drach J, Kaufmann H, Urbauer E, Schreiber S, Ackermann J, Huber H. The biology of multiple myeloma. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2000; 126:441–447.
36.
Hoyer JD, Hanson CA, Fonseca R, Greipp PR, Dewald GW, Kurtin PJ. The (11;14)(q13;q32) translocation in multiple myeloma. A morphologic and immunohistochemical study. Am J Clin Pathol 2000; 113:831–837.
37.
Ronchetti D, Finelli P, Richelda R, et al. Molecular analysis of 11q13 breakpoints in multiple myeloma. Blood 1999; 93:1330–1337.
38.
Foran JM, Rohatiner AZ, Cunningham D, et al. European phase II study of rituximab (chimeric anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) for patients with newly diagnosed mantle-cell lymphoma and previously treated mantle-cell lymphoma, immunocytoma, and small B-cell lymphocytic lymphoma [published erratum appears in J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:2006]. J Clin Oncol 2000; 18:317–324.
39.
Thiesing JT, Ohno-Jones S, Kolibaba KS, Druker BJ. Efficacy of STI571, an abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in conjunction with other antileukemic agents against bcr-abl-positive cells. Blood 2000;96:3195–9.PubMed
40.
Ohshima K, Kawasaki C, Muta H, et al. CD10 and Bcl10 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: CD10 is a marker of improved prognosis. Histopathology 2001; 39:156–162.
41.
Akasaka T, Ueda C, Kurata M, et al. Nonimmunoglobulin (non-Ig)/BCL6 gene fusion in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma results in worse prognosis than Ig/BCL6. Blood 2000; 96:2907–2909.
42.
Kramer MH, Hermans J, Wijburg E, et al. Clinical relevance of BCL2, BCL6, and MYC rearrangements in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood 1998; 92:3152–3162.
43.
Pescarmona E, De Sanctis V, Pistilli A, et al. Pathogenetic and clinical implications of Bcl-6 and Bcl-2 gene configuration in nodal diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. J Pathol 1997; 183:281–286.
44.
Hermine O, Haioun C, Lepage E, et al. Prognostic significance of bcl-2 protein expression in aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Groupe d'Etude des Lymphomes de l'Adulte (GELA). Blood 1996; 87:265–272.
45.
Harrison CN, Vaughan G, Devereux S, Linch DC. Outcome of secondary myeloid malignancy in Hodgkin's disease: the BNLI experience. Eur J Haematol 1998; 61:109–112.
46.
Hill ME, MacLennan KA, Cunningham DC, et al. Prognostic significance of BCL-2 expression and bcl-2 major breakpoint region rearrangement in diffuse large cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: a British National Lymphoma Investigation Study. Blood 1996; 88:1046–1051.
47.
Shipp MA, Ross KN, Tamayo P, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma outcome prediction by gene-expression profiling and supervised machine learning. Nat Med 2002; 8:68–74.
48.
Chaganti SR, Chen W, Parsa N, et al. Involvement of BCL6 in chromosomal aberrations affecting band 3q27 in B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 1998; 23:323–327.
49.
Mohamed AN, Palutke M, Eisenberg L, Al Katib A. Chromosomal analyses of 52 cases of follicular lymphoma with t(14;18), including blastic/blastoid variant. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 2001; 126:45–51.
50.
Stamatopoulos K, Kosmas C, Belessi C, Stavroyianni N, Kyriazopoulos P, Papadaki T. Molecular insights into the immunopathogenesis of follicular lymphoma. Immunol Today 2000; 21:298–305.
51.
Stamatopoulos K, Kosmas C, Belessi C, Stavroyianni N, Kyriazopoulos P, Papadaki T. Molecular insights into the immunopathogenesis of follicular lymphoma. Immunol Today 2000; 21:298–305.
52.
Pinyol M, Cobo F, Bea S, et al. p16(INK4a) gene inactivation by deletions, mutations, and hypermethylation is associated with transformed and aggressive variants of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Blood 1998; 91:2977–2984.
53.
Hough RE, Goepel JR, Alcock HE, Hancock BW, Lorigan PC, Hammond DW. Copy number gain at 12q12-14 may be important in the transformation from follicular lymphoma to diffuse large B cell lymphoma. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:499–503.
54.
Lossos IS, Levy R. Higher-grade transformation of follicle center lymphoma is associated with somatic mutation of the 5' noncoding regulatory region of the BCL-6 gene. Blood 2000; 96:635–639.
55.
Matolcsy A, Warnke RA, Knowles DM. Somatic mutations of the translocated bcl-2 gene are associated with morphologic transformation of follicular lymphoma to diffuse large-cell lymphoma. Ann Oncol 1997; 8 Suppl 2:119–122.
56.
Weisenburger DD, Gascoyne RD, Bierman PJ, et al. Clinical significance of the t(14;18) and BCL2 overexpression in follicular large cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma 2000; 36:513–523.
57.
Knutsen T. Cytogenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis and progression of follicular lymphoma. Cancer Surv 1997; 30:163–192.
58.
Rodriguez J, McLaughlin P, Hagemeister FB, et al. Follicular large cell lymphoma: an aggressive lymphoma that often presents with favorable prognostic features. Blood 1999; 93:2202–2207.
59.
Cheson BD. CHOP plus rituximab—balancing facts and opinion. N Engl J Med 2002; 346:280–282.
Metadata
Title
The classification of lymphomas: a new beginning or the end of an era?
Author
A. S. Jack
Publication date
01-06-2003
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging / Issue Special Issue 1/2003
Print ISSN: 1619-7070
Electronic ISSN: 1619-7089
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00259-003-1155-8

Other articles of this Special Issue 1/2003

European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 1/2003 Go to the issue

OriginalPaper

Gallium-67 scintigraphy: a cornerstone in functional imaging of lymphoma

OriginalPaper

Assessment of response to therapy using conventional imaging

OriginalPaper

Epidemiology of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

OriginalPaper

Impact of technology on the utilisation of positron emission tomography in lymphoma: current and future perspectives

OriginalPaper

PET in lymphoma: what are the oncologist's needs?

OriginalPaper

Computerised tomography in the staging of Hodgkin's disease and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma