Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2/2009

01-06-2009

The Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire: Assessment of its Construct Validity in a Community Sample of French Adolescents

Authors: Christophe Maïano, Alexandre J. S. Morin, Johana Monthuy-Blanc, Jean-Marie Garbarino

Published in: International Journal of Behavioral Medicine | Issue 2/2009

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Among the few instruments used to measure the behavioral component of body image disturbances, the Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire (BIAQ) is the most widely used. Despite the wide utilization of this instrument, it is currently unknown whether it is appropriate for male and female adolescents from middle and junior high schools.

Purpose

The main objective of the present series of studies was to test the construct validity of the BIAQ in a community sample of French adolescents.

Method

The content, factor, and convergent validity of the BIAQ were verified in the context of four independent studies conducted on a total sample of 945 adolescents.

Results

The first study showed that the content and formulation of the French BIAQ items were adequate for children and adolescents. The following three studies provided support for the factor validity, measurement invariance (across sex), reliability, and convergent validity of the French BIAQ. Regarding the measurement invariance tests, the results revealed that the models were invariant up to the levels of the latent means structures. Post hoc probing of these differences showed a significant higher latent mean score of the global BIAQ scale in females (in samples 2 and 3).

Discussion

The present results provide preliminary evidence regarding the construct validity of the BIAQ in a community sample of French adolescents.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Ricciardelli LA, McCabe MP. Children’s body image concerns and eating disturbance: a review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2001;21:325–44.PubMedCrossRef Ricciardelli LA, McCabe MP. Children’s body image concerns and eating disturbance: a review of the literature. Clin Psychol Rev. 2001;21:325–44.PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Smolak L. Body image in children and adolescents: where do we go from here? Body Image. 2004;1:15–28.PubMedCrossRef Smolak L. Body image in children and adolescents: where do we go from here? Body Image. 2004;1:15–28.PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Banfield SS, McCabe MP. An evaluation of the construct of body image. Adolescence. 2002;37:373–93.PubMed Banfield SS, McCabe MP. An evaluation of the construct of body image. Adolescence. 2002;37:373–93.PubMed
4.
go back to reference Jarry KL, Ip K. The effectiveness of stand-alone cognitive–behavioural therapy for body image: a meta-analysis. Body Image. 2005;2:317–31.PubMedCrossRef Jarry KL, Ip K. The effectiveness of stand-alone cognitive–behavioural therapy for body image: a meta-analysis. Body Image. 2005;2:317–31.PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Vocks S, Legenbauer T, Rüddel H, Troje NF. Static and dynamic body image in bulimia nervosa: mental representation of body dimensions and biological motion patterns. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40:59–66.PubMedCrossRef Vocks S, Legenbauer T, Rüddel H, Troje NF. Static and dynamic body image in bulimia nervosa: mental representation of body dimensions and biological motion patterns. Int J Eat Disord. 2007;40:59–66.PubMedCrossRef
7.
go back to reference Cash TE, Green GK. Body weight and body image among college women: perception, cognition, and affect. J Pers Assess. 1986;50:290–301.PubMedCrossRef Cash TE, Green GK. Body weight and body image among college women: perception, cognition, and affect. J Pers Assess. 1986;50:290–301.PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Cash TE, Henry PE. Women’s body images: the results of a national survey in the USA. Sex Roles. 1995;33:19–28.CrossRef Cash TE, Henry PE. Women’s body images: the results of a national survey in the USA. Sex Roles. 1995;33:19–28.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Rosen JC, Srebnik D, Saltzberg E, Wendt S. Development of a body image avoidance questionnaire. Psychol Assess. 1991;3:32–7.CrossRef Rosen JC, Srebnik D, Saltzberg E, Wendt S. Development of a body image avoidance questionnaire. Psychol Assess. 1991;3:32–7.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Rosen JC. Body image disorder: Definition, development, and contribution to eating disorders. In: Crowther JH, Tennenbaum DL, Hobfoll SE, Parris-Stephens MA, editors. The etiology of bulimia nervosa: The individual and familial context. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation; 1992. p. 157–77. Rosen JC. Body image disorder: Definition, development, and contribution to eating disorders. In: Crowther JH, Tennenbaum DL, Hobfoll SE, Parris-Stephens MA, editors. The etiology of bulimia nervosa: The individual and familial context. Washington, DC: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation; 1992. p. 157–77.
11.
go back to reference Tissot AM, Crowther JH. Self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism: risk factors within an integrative model for bulimic symptomatology. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2008;27:734–55.CrossRef Tissot AM, Crowther JH. Self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism: risk factors within an integrative model for bulimic symptomatology. J Soc Clin Psychol. 2008;27:734–55.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Shafran R. Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a “transdiagnostic” theory and treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41:509–28.PubMedCrossRef Fairburn CG, Cooper Z, Shafran R. Cognitive behaviour therapy for eating disorders: a “transdiagnostic” theory and treatment. Behav Res Ther. 2003;41:509–28.PubMedCrossRef
13.
go back to reference Thompson JK, Heinberg L, Marshall K. The physical appearance behavior test (PA-BAT): preliminary findings. Behav Ther. 1994;17:9–10. Thompson JK, Heinberg L, Marshall K. The physical appearance behavior test (PA-BAT): preliminary findings. Behav Ther. 1994;17:9–10.
14.
go back to reference Reas DL, Whisenhunt BL, Netemeyer R, Williamson DA. Development of the body checking questionnaire: a self-report measure of body checking behaviors. Int J Eat Disord. 2002;31:324–33.PubMedCrossRef Reas DL, Whisenhunt BL, Netemeyer R, Williamson DA. Development of the body checking questionnaire: a self-report measure of body checking behaviors. Int J Eat Disord. 2002;31:324–33.PubMedCrossRef
15.
go back to reference Shafran R, Fairburn C, Robinson P, Lask B. Body checking and its avoidance in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2004;35:93–101.PubMedCrossRef Shafran R, Fairburn C, Robinson P, Lask B. Body checking and its avoidance in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord. 2004;35:93–101.PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Riva G, Molinari E. Replicated factor analysis of the Italian version of the body image avoidance questionnaire. Percept Mot Skills. 1998;86:1071–4.PubMed Riva G, Molinari E. Replicated factor analysis of the Italian version of the body image avoidance questionnaire. Percept Mot Skills. 1998;86:1071–4.PubMed
17.
go back to reference Legenbauer T, Vocks S, Schütt-Strömel S. Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version des Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire BIAQ. Diagnostica. 2007;53:218–25.CrossRef Legenbauer T, Vocks S, Schütt-Strömel S. Validierung einer deutschsprachigen Version des Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire BIAQ. Diagnostica. 2007;53:218–25.CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Byrne BM. Factor analytic models: viewing the structure of an assessment instrument from three perspectives. J Pers Assess. 2005;85:17–32.PubMedCrossRef Byrne BM. Factor analytic models: viewing the structure of an assessment instrument from three perspectives. J Pers Assess. 2005;85:17–32.PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Stice E. Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2002;128:825–48.PubMedCrossRef Stice E. Risk and maintenance factors for eating pathology: a meta-analytic review. Psychol Bull. 2002;128:825–48.PubMedCrossRef
20.
go back to reference Thompson AM, Chad KE. The relationship of social physique anxiety to risk for developing an eating disorder in young females. J Adolesc Health. 2002;31:183–9.PubMedCrossRef Thompson AM, Chad KE. The relationship of social physique anxiety to risk for developing an eating disorder in young females. J Adolesc Health. 2002;31:183–9.PubMedCrossRef
21.
go back to reference Tiggemann M. Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: prospective findings. Body Image. 2005;2:129–35.PubMedCrossRef Tiggemann M. Body dissatisfaction and adolescent self-esteem: prospective findings. Body Image. 2005;2:129–35.PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Cole TJ, Bellizzi M, Flegal K, Dietz W. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. Br Med J. 2000;320:1240–3.CrossRef Cole TJ, Bellizzi M, Flegal K, Dietz W. Establishing a standard definition for child overweight and obesity worldwide: international survey. Br Med J. 2000;320:1240–3.CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Cole TJ, Flegal K, Nicholls D, Jackson A. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. Br Med J. 2007;335:194–7.CrossRef Cole TJ, Flegal K, Nicholls D, Jackson A. Body mass index cut offs to define thinness in children and adolescents: international survey. Br Med J. 2007;335:194–7.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Garner DM, Olmstead MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE. The Eating Attitude Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med. 1982;12:871–8.PubMedCrossRef Garner DM, Olmstead MP, Bohr Y, Garfinkel PE. The Eating Attitude Test: psychometric features and clinical correlates. Psychol Med. 1982;12:871–8.PubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. New Jersey, NJ: Princeton University; 1965. Rosenberg M. Society and the adolescent self-image. New Jersey, NJ: Princeton University; 1965.
26.
go back to reference Hart EH, Leary MR, Rejeski WJ. The measurement of social physique anxiété. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1989;11:94–104. Hart EH, Leary MR, Rejeski WJ. The measurement of social physique anxiété. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 1989;11:94–104.
27.
go back to reference Cole TJ. A method for assessing age-standardized weight-for-height in children seen cross-sectionally. Ann Hum Biol. 1979;6:249–68.PubMedCrossRef Cole TJ. A method for assessing age-standardized weight-for-height in children seen cross-sectionally. Ann Hum Biol. 1979;6:249–68.PubMedCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Brislin RW. The wording of translation of research instruments. In: Triandis HC, Berry LW, editors. Files methods in cross-cultural research. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon; 1986. p. 137–64. Brislin RW. The wording of translation of research instruments. In: Triandis HC, Berry LW, editors. Files methods in cross-cultural research. Boston, MA: Allyn & Bacon; 1986. p. 137–64.
29.
go back to reference Van de Vrijver FJR, Hambleton RK. Translating tests: some practical guidelines. Eur Psychol. 1996;1:89–99.CrossRef Van de Vrijver FJR, Hambleton RK. Translating tests: some practical guidelines. Eur Psychol. 1996;1:89–99.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Leichner P, Steiger H, Puentes-Neuman G, Perreault M, Gottheil N. Validation d’une échelle d’attitudes alimentaires auprès d’une population québécoise francophone. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie. 1994;39:49–54.PubMed Leichner P, Steiger H, Puentes-Neuman G, Perreault M, Gottheil N. Validation d’une échelle d’attitudes alimentaires auprès d’une population québécoise francophone. Revue Canadienne de Psychiatrie. 1994;39:49–54.PubMed
31.
go back to reference Vallières EF, Vallerand RJ. Traduction et validation canadienne-francaise de l’échelle de l’estime de soi de Rosenberg. Int J Psychol. 1990;25:305–16.CrossRef Vallières EF, Vallerand RJ. Traduction et validation canadienne-francaise de l’échelle de l’estime de soi de Rosenberg. Int J Psychol. 1990;25:305–16.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Vallerand RJ. Vers une méthodologie de validation transculturelle de questionnaires psychologiques : implications pour la recherche en langue française. Can Psychol. 1989;4:662–80.CrossRef Vallerand RJ. Vers une méthodologie de validation transculturelle de questionnaires psychologiques : implications pour la recherche en langue française. Can Psychol. 1989;4:662–80.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Arbuckle J, Wothke W. AMOS 4.0 User’s Guide. Chicago, IL: Smallwaters; 1999. Arbuckle J, Wothke W. AMOS 4.0 User’s Guide. Chicago, IL: Smallwaters; 1999.
34.
go back to reference Chen FF, Sousa KH, West SG. Testing measurement invariance of second-order factor models. Struct Equ Modeling. 2005;12:471–92.CrossRef Chen FF, Sousa KH, West SG. Testing measurement invariance of second-order factor models. Struct Equ Modeling. 2005;12:471–92.CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Hu L-T, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6:1–55.CrossRef Hu L-T, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Struct Equ Modeling. 1999;6:1–55.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Vandenberg RJ, Lance CE. A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organ Res Methods. 2000;3:4–70.CrossRef Vandenberg RJ, Lance CE. A review and synthesis of the measurement invariance literature: suggestions, practices, and recommendations for organizational research. Organ Res Methods. 2000;3:4–70.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Methods. 1996;1:130–49.CrossRef MacCallum RC, Browne MW, Sugawara HM. Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychol Methods. 1996;1:130–49.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Chen FF. Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Modeling. 2007;14:464–504. Chen FF. Sensitivity of goodness of fit indexes to lack of measurement invariance. Struct Equ Modeling. 2007;14:464–504.
39.
go back to reference Cheung GW, Rensvold RB. Evaluating goodness-of fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Equ Modeling. 2002;9:233–55.CrossRef Cheung GW, Rensvold RB. Evaluating goodness-of fit indexes for testing measurement invariance. Struct Equ Modeling. 2002;9:233–55.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Bagozzi RP, Kimmel SK. A comparison of leading theories for the prediction of goal directed behaviours. Br J Soc Psychol. 1995;34:437–61. Bagozzi RP, Kimmel SK. A comparison of leading theories for the prediction of goal directed behaviours. Br J Soc Psychol. 1995;34:437–61.
41.
go back to reference Meredith W, Teresi JA. An essay on measurement and factorial invariance. Med Care. 2006;44:S69–77.PubMedCrossRef Meredith W, Teresi JA. An essay on measurement and factorial invariance. Med Care. 2006;44:S69–77.PubMedCrossRef
42.
go back to reference Streiner DL. Starting at the beginning: an introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. J Pers Assess. 2003;80:99–103.PubMedCrossRef Streiner DL. Starting at the beginning: an introduction to coefficient alpha and internal consistency. J Pers Assess. 2003;80:99–103.PubMedCrossRef
43.
go back to reference Benjet C, Hernández-Guzmán L. A short-term longitudinal study of pubertal change, gender, and psychological well-being of Mexican earl adolescents. J Youth Adolesc. 2002;31:429–42.CrossRef Benjet C, Hernández-Guzmán L. A short-term longitudinal study of pubertal change, gender, and psychological well-being of Mexican earl adolescents. J Youth Adolesc. 2002;31:429–42.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
The Body Image Avoidance Questionnaire: Assessment of its Construct Validity in a Community Sample of French Adolescents
Authors
Christophe Maïano
Alexandre J. S. Morin
Johana Monthuy-Blanc
Jean-Marie Garbarino
Publication date
01-06-2009
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Journal of Behavioral Medicine / Issue 2/2009
Print ISSN: 1070-5503
Electronic ISSN: 1532-7558
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12529-009-9035-7

Other articles of this Issue 2/2009

International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 2/2009 Go to the issue