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Urolithiasis
Published in: Urolithiasis 6/2007

01-12-2007 | Original Paper

The analgesic effect of inhalational Entonox for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

Authors: Hamid Mazdak, Parvaneh Abazari, Fatemeh Ghassami, Shekoofeh Najafipour

Published in: Urolithiasis | Issue 6/2007

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Abstract

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a non-invasive procedure that allows urinary stones to be fragmented using acoustic shock waves. The impact of the shock waves causes transient stinging pain at the entry site as well as deep visceral discomfort, requiring analgesia during the procedure. The objective of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy of Entonox and pethidine for pain relief during outpatient ESWL. We randomized 150 outpatients undergoing elective ESWL into three groups of 50 patients, each group receiving inhalational Entonox, intravenous pethidine, or inhalational compressed air during ESWL. Quantitative evaluation of pain was performed according to a visual analogue scale (VAS), before and after the intervention. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and paired t tests were used to compare VAS scores in the three groups, before and after the intervention. Entonox and pethidine decreased the pain score significantly, while compressed air did not. There was no significant difference between pain relief by Entonox and pethidine. This study demonstrates for the first time that inhalational Entonox is an effective analgesic regimen for ESWL. Entonox can be regarded as an appropriate alternative to analgesics like opioids in relieving pain during ESWL.
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Metadata
Title
The analgesic effect of inhalational Entonox for extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Authors
Hamid Mazdak
Parvaneh Abazari
Fatemeh Ghassami
Shekoofeh Najafipour
Publication date
01-12-2007
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Urolithiasis / Issue 6/2007
Print ISSN: 2194-7228
Electronic ISSN: 2194-7236
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00240-007-0120-6

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