Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Annals of Nuclear Medicine 1/2019

01-01-2019 | Review Article

Techniques for generating attenuation map using cardiac SPECT emission data only: a systematic review

Authors: Getu Ferenji Tadesse, Parham Geramifar, Eyachew Misganew Tegaw, Mohammad Reza Ay

Published in: Annals of Nuclear Medicine | Issue 1/2019

Login to get access

Abstract

To reliably interpret and perform quantitative analysis, attenuation correction for cardiac single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) is fundamental. Thus, knowledge of the patient-specific attenuation map for accurate correction is required in SPECT quantitative imaging. The aim of this systematic review is to present general principles of attenuation correction and provide a structured summary of the approaches that have been proposed for generating the attenuation map for cardiac SPECT. We identified relevant articles published in English pertaining to the attenuation map (AM) determination using SPECT emission data only by searching PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Moreover, other articles were hand searched. The protocol of this systematic review was registered in PROSPERO and the code given is CRD42017060512. Transmissionless techniques of determining attenuation map including calculated methods, statistical modeling for simultaneous estimation of attenuation and emission, consistency conditions criteria, using scattered data and other methods were reviewed. Methods for performing attenuation map for cardiac SPECT are developing and the progresses made are promising. However, much work is needed to assess the efficacy of the correction schemes in the clinical routine.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Zaidi H, Hasegawa B. Determination of the attenuation map in emission tomography. J Nucl Med. 2003;44(2):291–315.PubMed Zaidi H, Hasegawa B. Determination of the attenuation map in emission tomography. J Nucl Med. 2003;44(2):291–315.PubMed
2.
go back to reference van Dijk JD, et al. Value of attenuation correction in stress-only myocardial perfusion imaging using CZT-SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017;24(2):395–401.CrossRef van Dijk JD, et al. Value of attenuation correction in stress-only myocardial perfusion imaging using CZT-SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2017;24(2):395–401.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Dvorak RA, Brown RKJ, Corbett JR. Interpretation of SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion images: common artifacts and quality control techniques. Radiographics. 2011;31(7):2041–57.CrossRef Dvorak RA, Brown RKJ, Corbett JR. Interpretation of SPECT/CT myocardial perfusion images: common artifacts and quality control techniques. Radiographics. 2011;31(7):2041–57.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Zaidi H. Recent developments and future trends in nuclear medicine instrumentation. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik. 2006;16(1):5–17.CrossRef Zaidi H. Recent developments and future trends in nuclear medicine instrumentation. Zeitschrift für Medizinische Physik. 2006;16(1):5–17.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Zaidi H, Montandon ML, Slosman DO. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided attenuation and scatter corrections in three-dimensional brain positron emission tomography. Med Phys. 2003;30(5):937–48.CrossRef Zaidi H, Montandon ML, Slosman DO. Magnetic resonance imaging-guided attenuation and scatter corrections in three-dimensional brain positron emission tomography. Med Phys. 2003;30(5):937–48.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Plachcińska A, et al. Diagnostic performance of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography with attenuation correction. Kardiologia Polska. 2016;74(1):32–9.PubMed Plachcińska A, et al. Diagnostic performance of myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography with attenuation correction. Kardiologia Polska. 2016;74(1):32–9.PubMed
7.
go back to reference Apostolopoulos DJ, Savvopoulos C. What is the benefit of CT-based attenuation correction in myocardial perfusion SPET? Hell J Nucl Med. 2016;19(2):89–92.PubMed Apostolopoulos DJ, Savvopoulos C. What is the benefit of CT-based attenuation correction in myocardial perfusion SPET? Hell J Nucl Med. 2016;19(2):89–92.PubMed
8.
go back to reference Bateman TM, Cullom SJ. Attenuation correction single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. Semin Nucl Med. 2005;35(1):37–51.CrossRef Bateman TM, Cullom SJ. Attenuation correction single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging. Semin Nucl Med. 2005;35(1):37–51.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Stathaki M, et al., The benefits of prone SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in reducing both artifact defects and patient radiation exposure. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2015. 105(4):345–352.PubMedPubMedCentral Stathaki M, et al., The benefits of prone SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in reducing both artifact defects and patient radiation exposure. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia. 2015. 105(4):345–352.PubMedPubMedCentral
10.
go back to reference Ljungberg M, Pretorius PH. SPECT/CT: an update on technological developments and clinical applications. Br J Radiol. 2018. 91(1081):20160402.CrossRef Ljungberg M, Pretorius PH. SPECT/CT: an update on technological developments and clinical applications. Br J Radiol. 2018. 91(1081):20160402.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Moher D, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097.CrossRef Moher D, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7):e1000097.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Bronnikov A. Approximate reconstruction of attenuation map in SPECT imaging. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1995;42(5):1483–8.CrossRef Bronnikov A. Approximate reconstruction of attenuation map in SPECT imaging. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1995;42(5):1483–8.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Cade S, et al., Estimating an attenuation map from measured scatter for 180° cardiac SPECT. J Nucl Med, 2010. 51:1357CrossRef Cade S, et al., Estimating an attenuation map from measured scatter for 180° cardiac SPECT. J Nucl Med, 2010. 51:1357CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Censor Y, et al. A new approach to the emission computerized tomography problem: simultaneous calculation of attenuation and activity coefficients. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1979;26(2):2775–9.CrossRef Censor Y, et al. A new approach to the emission computerized tomography problem: simultaneous calculation of attenuation and activity coefficients. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1979;26(2):2775–9.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference da Silva AMM, Robilotta CC, Ieee, Attenuation correction in cardiac spect using consistency conditions. In: 2006 3rd IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging: macro to nano, vols 1–3. 2006. p 271. da Silva AMM, Robilotta CC, Ieee, Attenuation correction in cardiac spect using consistency conditions. In: 2006 3rd IEEE international symposium on biomedical imaging: macro to nano, vols 1–3. 2006. p 271.
16.
go back to reference Gourion D, et al. Attenuation correction using SPECT emission data only. IEEE transactions on nuclear science. 2002;49(5):2172–9.CrossRef Gourion D, et al. Attenuation correction using SPECT emission data only. IEEE transactions on nuclear science. 2002;49(5):2172–9.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Jha AK, et al. Joint reconstruction of activity and attenuation map using LM SPECT emission data. In: Nishikawa RM, Whiting BR, Hoeschen C, editors. Medical imaging 2013: physics of medical imaging, vol 8668. Bellingham, Washington: International Society for Optics and Photonics; 2013. Jha AK, et al. Joint reconstruction of activity and attenuation map using LM SPECT emission data. In: Nishikawa RM, Whiting BR, Hoeschen C, editors. Medical imaging 2013: physics of medical imaging, vol 8668. Bellingham, Washington: International Society for Optics and Photonics; 2013.
18.
go back to reference Kaplan M, et al. Generating attenuation maps using differential attenuation data. In: Nuclear science symposium, 1996. conference record, 1996 IEEE. 1996. IEEE. Kaplan M, et al. Generating attenuation maps using differential attenuation data. In: Nuclear science symposium, 1996. conference record, 1996 IEEE. 1996. IEEE.
19.
go back to reference Krol A, et al. An EM algorithm for estimating SPECT emission and transmission parameters from emission data only. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2001;20(3):218–32.CrossRef Krol A, et al. An EM algorithm for estimating SPECT emission and transmission parameters from emission data only. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 2001;20(3):218–32.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Maeda H, et al. Attenuation correction for myocardial SPECT: segmentation with scatter and photopeak window data for attenuation correction (SSPAC) method. J Nucl Med. 2002;43(5):230P-230P. Maeda H, et al. Attenuation correction for myocardial SPECT: segmentation with scatter and photopeak window data for attenuation correction (SSPAC) method. J Nucl Med. 2002;43(5):230P-230P.
21.
go back to reference Natterer F. Determination of tissue attenuation in emission tomography of optically dense media. Inverse Probl. 1993;9(6):731.CrossRef Natterer F. Determination of tissue attenuation in emission tomography of optically dense media. Inverse Probl. 1993;9(6):731.CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Noumeir R, El-Daccache R. Attenuation correction in spect using active surfaces. In: Nuclear Science Symposium, 1998. Conference record. 1998 IEEE. 1998. IEEE. Noumeir R, El-Daccache R. Attenuation correction in spect using active surfaces. In: Nuclear Science Symposium, 1998. Conference record. 1998 IEEE. 1998. IEEE.
23.
go back to reference Nuyts J, et al. Simultaneous maximum a posteriori reconstruction of attenuation and activity distributions from emission sinograms. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1999;18(5):393–403.CrossRef Nuyts J, et al. Simultaneous maximum a posteriori reconstruction of attenuation and activity distributions from emission sinograms. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1999;18(5):393–403.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Pan TS, et al. Estimation of attenuation maps from scatter and photopeak window single photon-emission computed tomographic images of technetium 99 m-labeled sestamibi. J Nucl Cardiol. 1997;4(1):42–51.CrossRef Pan TS, et al. Estimation of attenuation maps from scatter and photopeak window single photon-emission computed tomographic images of technetium 99 m-labeled sestamibi. J Nucl Cardiol. 1997;4(1):42–51.CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Panin VY, Zeng GL, Gullberg GT. A method of attenuation map and emission activity reconstruction from emission data. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2001;48(1):131–8.CrossRef Panin VY, Zeng GL, Gullberg GT. A method of attenuation map and emission activity reconstruction from emission data. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2001;48(1):131–8.CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Salomon A, Goedicke A, Aach T. Advanced reconstruction of attenuation maps using SPECT emission data only. In: Hsieh J, editors. Medical imaging 2009: physics of medical imaging, vol 7258. Bellingham, Washington: International Society for Optics and Photonics; 2009. Salomon A, Goedicke A, Aach T. Advanced reconstruction of attenuation maps using SPECT emission data only. In: Hsieh J, editors. Medical imaging 2009: physics of medical imaging, vol 7258. Bellingham, Washington: International Society for Optics and Photonics; 2009.
27.
go back to reference Sitek A, Moore SC, Kijewski MF. Correction for photon attenuation without transmission measurements using Compton scatter information in SPECT. In: nuclear science symposium conference record, 2007. NSS’07. IEEE. 2007. IEEE. Sitek A, Moore SC, Kijewski MF. Correction for photon attenuation without transmission measurements using Compton scatter information in SPECT. In: nuclear science symposium conference record, 2007. NSS’07. IEEE. 2007. IEEE.
28.
go back to reference Welch A, et al. Toward accurate attenuation correction in SPECT without transmission measurements. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1997;16(5):532–41.CrossRef Welch A, et al. Toward accurate attenuation correction in SPECT without transmission measurements. IEEE Trans Med Imaging. 1997;16(5):532–41.CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Yan Y, Zeng GL. Attenuation map estimation with SPECT emission data only. Int J Imaging Syst Technol. 2009;19(3):271–6.CrossRef Yan Y, Zeng GL. Attenuation map estimation with SPECT emission data only. Int J Imaging Syst Technol. 2009;19(3):271–6.CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Bailey DL. Transmission scanning in emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25(7):774–87.CrossRef Bailey DL. Transmission scanning in emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25(7):774–87.CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Tung C-H, et al. Nonuniform attenuation correction using simultaneous transmission and emission converging tomography. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1992;39(4):1134–43.CrossRef Tung C-H, et al. Nonuniform attenuation correction using simultaneous transmission and emission converging tomography. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 1992;39(4):1134–43.CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Kheruka SC, et al. A new method to correct the attenuation map in simultaneous transmission/emission tomography using 153Gd/67 Ga radioisotopes. J Med Phys Assoc Med Phys India. 2012;37(1):46. Kheruka SC, et al. A new method to correct the attenuation map in simultaneous transmission/emission tomography using 153Gd/67 Ga radioisotopes. J Med Phys Assoc Med Phys India. 2012;37(1):46.
33.
go back to reference Kojima A, et al. Attenuation correction using asymmetric fanbeam transmission CT on two-head SPECT system. Ann Nucl Med. 2004;18(4):315.CrossRef Kojima A, et al. Attenuation correction using asymmetric fanbeam transmission CT on two-head SPECT system. Ann Nucl Med. 2004;18(4):315.CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Lang TF, et al. Description of a prototype emission transmission computed tomography imaging system. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(10):1881–7.PubMed Lang TF, et al. Description of a prototype emission transmission computed tomography imaging system. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(10):1881–7.PubMed
35.
go back to reference Bocher M, et al. Gamma camera-mounted anatomical X-ray tomography: technology, system characteristics and first images. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27(6):619–27.CrossRef Bocher M, et al. Gamma camera-mounted anatomical X-ray tomography: technology, system characteristics and first images. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27(6):619–27.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Huang B, Law MW-M, Khong P-L. Whole-body PET/CT scanning: estimation of radiation dose and cancer risk. Radiology. 2009;251(1):166–74.CrossRef Huang B, Law MW-M, Khong P-L. Whole-body PET/CT scanning: estimation of radiation dose and cancer risk. Radiology. 2009;251(1):166–74.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Salvatori M, Lucignani G. Radiation exposure, protection and risk from nuclear medicine procedures. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(6):1225–31.CrossRef Salvatori M, Lucignani G. Radiation exposure, protection and risk from nuclear medicine procedures. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2010;37(6):1225–31.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography—an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(22):2277–84.CrossRef Brenner DJ, Hall EJ. Computed tomography—an increasing source of radiation exposure. N Engl J Med. 2007;357(22):2277–84.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Goetze S, et al. Attenuation correction in myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT: effects of misregistration and value of reregistration. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(7):1090–5.CrossRef Goetze S, et al. Attenuation correction in myocardial perfusion SPECT/CT: effects of misregistration and value of reregistration. J Nucl Med. 2007;48(7):1090–5.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Takahashi Y, et al., Attenuation correction of myocardial SPECT images with X-ray CT: effects of registration errors between X-ray CT and SPECT. Ann Nucl Med. 2002; 16(6):431–435.CrossRef Takahashi Y, et al., Attenuation correction of myocardial SPECT images with X-ray CT: effects of registration errors between X-ray CT and SPECT. Ann Nucl Med. 2002; 16(6):431–435.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Patton JA, Turkington TG. SPECT/CT physical principles and attenuation correction. J Nucl Med Technol. 2008;36(1):1–10.CrossRef Patton JA, Turkington TG. SPECT/CT physical principles and attenuation correction. J Nucl Med Technol. 2008;36(1):1–10.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Kinahan PE, Hasegawa BH, Beyer T. X-ray-based attenuation correction for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanners. Semin Nucl Med. 2003;33(3):166–79.CrossRef Kinahan PE, Hasegawa BH, Beyer T. X-ray-based attenuation correction for positron emission tomography/computed tomography scanners. Semin Nucl Med. 2003;33(3):166–79.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Kinahan P, et al., Attenuation correction for a combined 3D PET/CT scanner. Med Phys. 1998; 25(10):2046–2053.CrossRef Kinahan P, et al., Attenuation correction for a combined 3D PET/CT scanner. Med Phys. 1998; 25(10):2046–2053.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Seo Y, Wong KH, Hasegawa BH. Calculation and validation of the use of effective attenuation coefficient for attenuation correction in In-111 SPECT. Med Phys. 2005;32(12):3628–35.CrossRef Seo Y, Wong KH, Hasegawa BH. Calculation and validation of the use of effective attenuation coefficient for attenuation correction in In-111 SPECT. Med Phys. 2005;32(12):3628–35.CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Seo Y, et al. Correction of photon attenuation and collimator response for a body-contouring SPECT/CT imaging system. J Nucl Med. 2005;46(5):868–77.PubMed Seo Y, et al. Correction of photon attenuation and collimator response for a body-contouring SPECT/CT imaging system. J Nucl Med. 2005;46(5):868–77.PubMed
47.
go back to reference Hansen CL, Siegel JA. Attenuation correction of thallium SPECT using differential attenuation of thallium photons. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(8):1574–7.PubMed Hansen CL, Siegel JA. Attenuation correction of thallium SPECT using differential attenuation of thallium photons. J Nucl Med. 1992;33(8):1574–7.PubMed
48.
go back to reference Shibutani T, et al., Characteristics of single-and dual-photopeak energy window acquisitions with thallium-201 IQ-SPECT/CT system. Ann Nucl Med. 2017. 31(7):529–535.CrossRef Shibutani T, et al., Characteristics of single-and dual-photopeak energy window acquisitions with thallium-201 IQ-SPECT/CT system. Ann Nucl Med. 2017. 31(7):529–535.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference Brown JK, et al. Intrinsic dual-energy processing of myocardial perfusion images. J Nucl Med. 2000;41(7):1287–97.PubMed Brown JK, et al. Intrinsic dual-energy processing of myocardial perfusion images. J Nucl Med. 2000;41(7):1287–97.PubMed
50.
go back to reference Kaplan MS, Haynor DR. Differential attenuation method for simultaneous estimation of activity and attenuation in multiemission single photon emission computed tomography. Med Phys. 1999;26(11):2333–40.CrossRef Kaplan MS, Haynor DR. Differential attenuation method for simultaneous estimation of activity and attenuation in multiemission single photon emission computed tomography. Med Phys. 1999;26(11):2333–40.CrossRef
51.
go back to reference Licho R, et al. Attenuation compensation in (99 m Tc) SPECT brain imaging: a comparison of the use of attenuation maps derived from transmission versus emission data in normal scans. J Nucl Med. 1999;40(3):456.PubMed Licho R, et al. Attenuation compensation in (99 m Tc) SPECT brain imaging: a comparison of the use of attenuation maps derived from transmission versus emission data in normal scans. J Nucl Med. 1999;40(3):456.PubMed
52.
go back to reference Madsen MT, et al. An emission based technique for obtaining attenuation correction data for myocardial spect studies. J Nucl Med. 1993;34(5):P188–8. Madsen MT, et al. An emission based technique for obtaining attenuation correction data for myocardial spect studies. J Nucl Med. 1993;34(5):P188–8.
53.
go back to reference Krol A, et al. Physical phantom evaluation of EM-IntraSPECT (EMIS) algorithm for non-uniform attenuation correction in cardiac imaging. In: Sonka M, Hanson KM, edtors. Medical Imaging: 2001: image processing, pts 1–3. San Diego, CA, United States; 2001. pp. 934–8. Krol A, et al. Physical phantom evaluation of EM-IntraSPECT (EMIS) algorithm for non-uniform attenuation correction in cardiac imaging. In: Sonka M, Hanson KM, edtors. Medical Imaging: 2001: image processing, pts 1–3. San Diego, CA, United States; 2001. pp. 934–8.
54.
go back to reference Krol A, et al. EM-IntraSPECT algorithm with ordered subsets (OSEMIS) for non-uniform attenuation correction in cardiac imaging. In: Sonka M, Fitzpatrick JM, editors.Medical Imaging 2002: image processing, vol 1–3. San Diego, CA, United States; 2002. pp. 1022–7. Krol A, et al. EM-IntraSPECT algorithm with ordered subsets (OSEMIS) for non-uniform attenuation correction in cardiac imaging. In: Sonka M, Fitzpatrick JM, editors.Medical Imaging 2002: image processing, vol 1–3. San Diego, CA, United States; 2002. pp. 1022–7.
55.
go back to reference Yamauchi Y, et al. Novel attenuation correction of SPECT images using scatter photopeak window data for the detection of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2014;21(1):109–17.CrossRef Yamauchi Y, et al. Novel attenuation correction of SPECT images using scatter photopeak window data for the detection of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 2014;21(1):109–17.CrossRef
56.
go back to reference Okuda K, et al. Attenuation correction of myocardial SPECT by scatter-photopeak window method in normal subjects. Ann Nucl Med. 2009;23(5):501–6.CrossRef Okuda K, et al. Attenuation correction of myocardial SPECT by scatter-photopeak window method in normal subjects. Ann Nucl Med. 2009;23(5):501–6.CrossRef
57.
go back to reference Natterer F. Computerized tomography with unknown sources. SIAM J Appl Math. 1983;43(5):1201–12.CrossRef Natterer F. Computerized tomography with unknown sources. SIAM J Appl Math. 1983;43(5):1201–12.CrossRef
58.
go back to reference Salomon A, Goedicke A, Aach T. Attenuation corrected cardiac SPECT imaging using simultaneous reconstruction and a priori information. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2011;58(2):527–36.CrossRef Salomon A, Goedicke A, Aach T. Attenuation corrected cardiac SPECT imaging using simultaneous reconstruction and a priori information. IEEE Trans Nucl Sci. 2011;58(2):527–36.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Techniques for generating attenuation map using cardiac SPECT emission data only: a systematic review
Authors
Getu Ferenji Tadesse
Parham Geramifar
Eyachew Misganew Tegaw
Mohammad Reza Ay
Publication date
01-01-2019
Publisher
Springer Singapore
Published in
Annals of Nuclear Medicine / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 0914-7187
Electronic ISSN: 1864-6433
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12149-018-1311-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2019

Annals of Nuclear Medicine 1/2019 Go to the issue