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Published in: Acta Neuropathologica Communications 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Stroke | Research

MANF protein expression is upregulated in immune cells in the ischemic human brain and systemic recombinant MANF delivery in rat ischemic stroke model demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects

Authors: Jenni E. Anttila, Olli S. Mattila, Hock-Kean Liew, Kert Mätlik, Eero Mervaala, Päivi Lindholm, Maria Lindahl, Perttu J. Lindsberg, Kuan-Yin Tseng, Mikko Airavaara

Published in: Acta Neuropathologica Communications | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) has cytoprotective effects on various injuries, including cerebral ischemia, and it can promote recovery even when delivered intracranially several days after ischemic stroke. In the uninjured rodent brain, MANF protein is expressed almost exclusively in neurons, but post-ischemic MANF expression has not been characterized. We aimed to investigate how endogenous cerebral MANF protein expression evolves in infarcted human brains and rodent ischemic stroke models. During infarct progression, the cerebral MANF expression pattern both in human and rat brains shifted drastically from neurons to expression in inflammatory cells. Intense MANF immunoreactivity took place in phagocytic microglia/macrophages in the ischemic territory, peaking at two weeks post-stroke in human and one-week post-stroke in rat ischemic cortex. Using double immunofluorescence and mice lacking MANF gene and protein from neuronal stem cells, neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we verified that MANF expression was induced in microglia/macrophage cells in the ischemic hemisphere. Embarking on the drastic expression transition towards inflammatory cells and the impact of blood-borne inflammation in stroke, we hypothesized that exogenously delivered MANF protein can modulate tissue recovery processes. In an attempt to enhance recovery, we designed a set of proof-of-concept studies using systemic delivery of recombinant MANF in a rat model of cortical ischemic stroke. Intranasal recombinant MANF treatment decreased infarct volume and reduced the severity of neurological deficits. Intravenous recombinant MANF treatment decreased the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the infarcted cortex one-day post-stroke. In conclusion, MANF protein expression is induced in activated microglia/macrophage cells in infarcted human and rodent brains, and this could implicate MANF’s involvement in the regulation of post-stroke inflammation in patients and experimental animals. Moreover, systemic delivery of recombinant MANF shows promising immunomodulatory effects and therapeutic potential in experimental ischemic stroke.
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Metadata
Title
MANF protein expression is upregulated in immune cells in the ischemic human brain and systemic recombinant MANF delivery in rat ischemic stroke model demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects
Authors
Jenni E. Anttila
Olli S. Mattila
Hock-Kean Liew
Kert Mätlik
Eero Mervaala
Päivi Lindholm
Maria Lindahl
Perttu J. Lindsberg
Kuan-Yin Tseng
Mikko Airavaara
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Keyword
Stroke
Published in
Acta Neuropathologica Communications / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 2051-5960
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-023-01701-y

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