Serum cystatin C is associated with carotid atherosclerosis in patients with acute ischemic stroke

go back to reference Liu M, Wu B, Wang W-Z, Lee L-M, Zhang S-H, Kong L-Z (2007) Stroke in China: epidemiology, prevention, and management strategies. Lancet Neurol 6(5):456–464. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1474-4422(07)70004-2CrossRefPubMed Liu M, Wu B, Wang W-Z, Lee L-M, Zhang S-H, Kong L-Z (2007) Stroke in China: epidemiology, prevention, and management strategies. Lancet Neurol 6(5):456–464. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​s1474-4422(07)70004-2CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Jander S, Sitzer M, Wendt A, Schroeter M, Buchkremer M, Siebler M, Muller W, Sandmann W, Stoll G (2001) Expression of tissue factor in high-grade carotid artery stenosis - association with plaque destabilization. Stroke 32(4):850–854. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.str.32.4.850CrossRefPubMed Jander S, Sitzer M, Wendt A, Schroeter M, Buchkremer M, Siebler M, Muller W, Sandmann W, Stoll G (2001) Expression of tissue factor in high-grade carotid artery stenosis - association with plaque destabilization. Stroke 32(4):850–854. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​01.​str.​32.​4.​850CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K, Furberg CD, Gorelick PB, Hademenos G, Hill M, Howard G, Howard VJ, Jacobs B, Levine SR, Mosca L, Sacco RL, Sherman DG, Wolf PA, del Zoppo GJ (2001) Primary prevention of ischemic stroke - a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Circulation 103(1):163–182CrossRef Goldstein LB, Adams R, Becker K, Furberg CD, Gorelick PB, Hademenos G, Hill M, Howard G, Howard VJ, Jacobs B, Levine SR, Mosca L, Sacco RL, Sherman DG, Wolf PA, del Zoppo GJ (2001) Primary prevention of ischemic stroke - a statement for healthcare professionals from the Stroke Council of the American Heart Association. Circulation 103(1):163–182CrossRef

go back to reference Hillen T, Nieczaj R, Munzberg H, Schaub R, Borchelt M, Steinhagen-Thiessen E (2000) Carotid atherosclerosis, vascular risk profile and mortality in a population-based sample of functionally healthy elderly subjects: the Berlin Ageing Study. J Intern Med 247(6):679–688. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2000.00681.xCrossRefPubMed Hillen T, Nieczaj R, Munzberg H, Schaub R, Borchelt M, Steinhagen-Thiessen E (2000) Carotid atherosclerosis, vascular risk profile and mortality in a population-based sample of functionally healthy elderly subjects: the Berlin Ageing Study. J Intern Med 247(6):679–688. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1046/​j.​1365-2796.​2000.​00681.​xCrossRefPubMed

go back to reference He X-W, Ke S-F, Bao Y-Y, Hong W-J, Shen Y-G, Li C, Zhu F, Wang E, Jin X-P (2018) Serum levels of endocan and endoglin are associated with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. Clin Chim Acta 478:157–161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cca.2017.1.2.940CrossRefPubMed He X-W, Ke S-F, Bao Y-Y, Hong W-J, Shen Y-G, Li C, Zhu F, Wang E, Jin X-P (2018) Serum levels of endocan and endoglin are associated with large-artery atherosclerotic stroke. Clin Chim Acta 478:157–161. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​j.​cca.​2017.​1.​2.​940CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Wu W, Guan Y, Xu K, Fu X-J, Lei X-F, Lei L-J, Zhang Z-Q, Cheng Y, Li Y-Q (2016) Plasma Homocysteine levels predict the risk of acute cerebral infarction in patients with carotid artery lesions. Mol Neurobiol 53(4):2510–2517. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12035-015-9226-yCrossRefPubMed Wu W, Guan Y, Xu K, Fu X-J, Lei X-F, Lei L-J, Zhang Z-Q, Cheng Y, Li Y-Q (2016) Plasma Homocysteine levels predict the risk of acute cerebral infarction in patients with carotid artery lesions. Mol Neurobiol 53(4):2510–2517. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s12035-015-9226-yCrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Xu Z, Leng C, Yang B, Wang H, Sun J, Liu Z, Yang L, Ge W, Zhu J (2017) Serum cystatin C is associated with large cerebral artery stenosis in acute ischemic stroke. Oncotarget 8(40):67181–67188. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.18061CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Xu Z, Leng C, Yang B, Wang H, Sun J, Liu Z, Yang L, Ge W, Zhu J (2017) Serum cystatin C is associated with large cerebral artery stenosis in acute ischemic stroke. Oncotarget 8(40):67181–67188. https://​doi.​org/​10.​18632/​oncotarget.​18061CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Zhang Y, Sun L (2017) Cystatin C in cerebrovascular disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 14(4):406–414. https://doi.org/10.2174/1567202614666171116102504CrossRefPubMed Zhang Y, Sun L (2017) Cystatin C in cerebrovascular disorders. Curr Neurovasc Res 14(4):406–414. https://​doi.​org/​10.​2174/​1567202614666171​116102504CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Knight EL, Verhave JC, Spiegelman D, Hillege HL, De Zeeuw D, Curhan GC, De Jong PE (2004) Factors influencing serum cystatin C levels other than renal function and the impact on renal function measurement. Kidney Int 65(4):1416–1421. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.00517.xCrossRefPubMed Knight EL, Verhave JC, Spiegelman D, Hillege HL, De Zeeuw D, Curhan GC, De Jong PE (2004) Factors influencing serum cystatin C levels other than renal function and the impact on renal function measurement. Kidney Int 65(4):1416–1421. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​j.​1523-1755.​2004.​00517.​xCrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Doganer YC, Aydogan U, Aparci M, Nerkiz P, Barcin C, Cayci T, Sari O (2014) Comparison of cystatin-C and pentraxin-3 in coronary atherosclerosis. Coron Artery Dis 25(7):589–594. https://doi.org/10.1097/mca.0000000000000132CrossRefPubMed Doganer YC, Aydogan U, Aparci M, Nerkiz P, Barcin C, Cayci T, Sari O (2014) Comparison of cystatin-C and pentraxin-3 in coronary atherosclerosis. Coron Artery Dis 25(7):589–594. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1097/​mca.​0000000000000132​CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Longenecker CT, Hileman CO, Funderburg NT, McComsey GA (2014) Rosuvastatin preserves renal function and lowers cystatin C in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy: the SATURN-HIV Trial. Clin Infect Dis 59(8):1148–1156. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciu523CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Longenecker CT, Hileman CO, Funderburg NT, McComsey GA (2014) Rosuvastatin preserves renal function and lowers cystatin C in HIV-infected subjects on antiretroviral therapy: the SATURN-HIV Trial. Clin Infect Dis 59(8):1148–1156. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​cid/​ciu523CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference (1989) Stroke--1989. Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders. Stroke 20(10):1407–1431 (1989) Stroke--1989. Recommendations on stroke prevention, diagnosis, and therapy. Report of the WHO Task Force on Stroke and other Cerebrovascular Disorders. Stroke 20(10):1407–1431

go back to reference Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE 3rd (1993) Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 24(1):35–41CrossRef Adams HP Jr, Bendixen BH, Kappelle LJ, Biller J, Love BB, Gordon DL, Marsh EE 3rd (1993) Classification of subtype of acute ischemic stroke. Definitions for use in a multicenter clinical trial. TOAST. Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment. Stroke 24(1):35–41CrossRef

go back to reference Schumacher HC, Meyers PM, Higashida RT, Derdeyn CP, Lavine SD, Nesbit GM, Sacks D, Rasmussen P, Wechsler LR (2010) Reporting standards for angioplasty and stent-assisted angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerosis (reprinted from Stroke 2009, VOL 40, PG 348-365). J Neurointerv Surg 2(4):324–340. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnis.2010.002345CrossRefPubMed Schumacher HC, Meyers PM, Higashida RT, Derdeyn CP, Lavine SD, Nesbit GM, Sacks D, Rasmussen P, Wechsler LR (2010) Reporting standards for angioplasty and stent-assisted angioplasty for intracranial atherosclerosis (reprinted from Stroke 2009, VOL 40, PG 348-365). J Neurointerv Surg 2(4):324–340. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1136/​jnis.​2010.​002345CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S, Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Airaksinen KEJ, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, Bahr R, Grundy SM, Mehran R, Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull W, Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE, Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT (2003) From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient - a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part I. Circulation 108(14):1664–1672. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000087480.94275.97CrossRefPubMed Naghavi M, Libby P, Falk E, Casscells SW, Litovsky S, Rumberger J, Badimon JJ, Stefanadis C, Moreno P, Pasterkamp G, Fayad Z, Stone PH, Waxman S, Raggi P, Madjid M, Zarrabi A, Burke A, Yuan C, Fitzgerald PJ, Siscovick DS, de Korte CL, Aikawa M, Airaksinen KEJ, Assmann G, Becker CR, Chesebro JH, Farb A, Galis ZS, Jackson C, Jang IK, Koenig W, Lodder RA, March K, Demirovic J, Navab M, Priori SG, Rekhter MD, Bahr R, Grundy SM, Mehran R, Colombo A, Boerwinkle E, Ballantyne C, Insull W, Schwartz RS, Vogel R, Serruys PW, Hansson GK, Faxon DP, Kaul S, Drexler H, Greenland P, Muller JE, Virmani R, Ridker PM, Zipes DP, Shah PK, Willerson JT (2003) From vulnerable plaque to vulnerable patient - a call for new definitions and risk assessment strategies: part I. Circulation 108(14):1664–1672. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​01.​cir.​0000087480.​94275.​97CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Sztajzel R (2005) Ultrasonographic assessment of the morphological characteristics of the carotid plaque. Swiss Med Wkly 135(43–44):635–643PubMed Sztajzel R (2005) Ultrasonographic assessment of the morphological characteristics of the carotid plaque. Swiss Med Wkly 135(43–44):635–643PubMed

go back to reference MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (1991) Interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0-29%) carotid stenosis. European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet (London, England) 337(8752):1235–1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)92916-pCrossRef MRC European Carotid Surgery Trial (1991) Interim results for symptomatic patients with severe (70-99%) or with mild (0-29%) carotid stenosis. European Carotid Surgery Trialists’ Collaborative Group. Lancet (London, England) 337(8752):1235–1243. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1016/​0140-6736(91)92916-pCrossRef

go back to reference Ebesunun MO, Obajobi EO (2012) Elevated plasma homocysteine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Pan Afr Med J 12:48PubMedPubMedCentral Ebesunun MO, Obajobi EO (2012) Elevated plasma homocysteine in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Pan Afr Med J 12:48PubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Seliger SL, Longstreth WT, Katz R, Manolio T, Fried LF, Shlipak M, Stehman-Breen CO, Newman A, Sarnak M, Gillen DL, Bleyer A, Siscovick DS (2005) Cystatin C and subclinical brain infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol 16(12):3721–3727. https://doi.org/10.1681/asn.2005010006CrossRefPubMed Seliger SL, Longstreth WT, Katz R, Manolio T, Fried LF, Shlipak M, Stehman-Breen CO, Newman A, Sarnak M, Gillen DL, Bleyer A, Siscovick DS (2005) Cystatin C and subclinical brain infarction. J Am Soc Nephrol 16(12):3721–3727. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1681/​asn.​2005010006CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Sukhova GK, Wang B, Libby P, Pan JH, Zhang Y, Grubb A, Fang K, Chapman HA, Shi GP (2005) Cystatin C deficiency increases elastic lamina degradation and aortic dilatation in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circ Res 96(3):368–375. https://doi.org/10.1161/01.res.0000155964.34150.f7CrossRefPubMed Sukhova GK, Wang B, Libby P, Pan JH, Zhang Y, Grubb A, Fang K, Chapman HA, Shi GP (2005) Cystatin C deficiency increases elastic lamina degradation and aortic dilatation in apolipoprotein E-null mice. Circ Res 96(3):368–375. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​01.​res.​0000155964.​34150.​f7CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Panayiotou AG, Griffin MB, Tyllis T, Georgiou N, Bond D, Humphries SE, Nicolaides AN (2013) Association of genotypes at the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) loci with carotid IMT and presence of carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaques. Vasc Med 18(5):298–306. https://doi.org/10.1177/1358863x13502698CrossRefPubMed Panayiotou AG, Griffin MB, Tyllis T, Georgiou N, Bond D, Humphries SE, Nicolaides AN (2013) Association of genotypes at the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) loci with carotid IMT and presence of carotid and femoral atherosclerotic plaques. Vasc Med 18(5):298–306. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1177/​1358863x13502698​CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Correa S, Morrow DA, Braunwald E, Davies RY, Goodrich EL, Murphy SA, Cannon CP, O'Donoghue ML (2018) Cystatin C for risk stratification in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 7(20):e009077. https://doi.org/10.1161/jaha.118.009077CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Correa S, Morrow DA, Braunwald E, Davies RY, Goodrich EL, Murphy SA, Cannon CP, O'Donoghue ML (2018) Cystatin C for risk stratification in patients after an acute coronary syndrome. J Am Heart Assoc 7(20):e009077. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​jaha.​118.​009077CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Chaturvedi S, Turan TN, Lynn MJ, Kasner SE, Romano J, Cotsonis G, Frankel M, Chimowitz MI, Grp WS (2007) Risk factor status and vascular events in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. Neurology 69(22):2063–2068. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000279338.18776.26CrossRefPubMed Chaturvedi S, Turan TN, Lynn MJ, Kasner SE, Romano J, Cotsonis G, Frankel M, Chimowitz MI, Grp WS (2007) Risk factor status and vascular events in patients with symptomatic intracranial stenosis. Neurology 69(22):2063–2068. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1212/​01.​wnl.​0000279338.​18776.​26CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Ferguson TW, Komenda P, Tangri N (2015) Cystatin C as a biomarker for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 24(3):295–300. https://doi.org/10.1097/mnh.0000000000000115CrossRefPubMed Ferguson TW, Komenda P, Tangri N (2015) Cystatin C as a biomarker for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 24(3):295–300. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1097/​mnh.​0000000000000115​CrossRefPubMed

go back to reference Pottel H, Delanaye P, Schaeffner E, Dubourg L, Eriksen BO, Melsom T, Lamb EJ, Rule AD, Turner ST, Glassock RJ, De Souza V, Selistre L, Goffin K, Pauwels S, Mariat C, Flamant M, Ebert N (2017) Estimating glomerular filtration rate for the full age spectrum from serum creatinine and cystatin C. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32(3):497–507. https://doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfw425CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Pottel H, Delanaye P, Schaeffner E, Dubourg L, Eriksen BO, Melsom T, Lamb EJ, Rule AD, Turner ST, Glassock RJ, De Souza V, Selistre L, Goffin K, Pauwels S, Mariat C, Flamant M, Ebert N (2017) Estimating glomerular filtration rate for the full age spectrum from serum creatinine and cystatin C. Nephrol Dial Transplant 32(3):497–507. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1093/​ndt/​gfw425CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Betge S, Kretzschmar D, Figulla HR, Lichtenauer M, Jung C (2017) Predictive value of the augmentation index derived vascular age in patients with newly diagnosed atherosclerosis. Heart Vessel 32(3):252–259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00380-016-0868-0CrossRef Betge S, Kretzschmar D, Figulla HR, Lichtenauer M, Jung C (2017) Predictive value of the augmentation index derived vascular age in patients with newly diagnosed atherosclerosis. Heart Vessel 32(3):252–259. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s00380-016-0868-0CrossRef

go back to reference Umemura T, Kawamura T, Mashita S, Kameyama T, Sobue G (2016) Higher levels of cystatin C are associated with extracranial carotid artery steno-occlusive disease in patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 6(1):1–11. https://doi.org/10.1159/000443338CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Umemura T, Kawamura T, Mashita S, Kameyama T, Sobue G (2016) Higher levels of cystatin C are associated with extracranial carotid artery steno-occlusive disease in patients with noncardioembolic ischemic stroke. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra 6(1):1–11. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1159/​000443338CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

go back to reference Kataoka H (2009) Cathepsin enzymes and cystatin C: do they play a role in positive arterial remodeling? Response. Stroke 40(2):E28. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.108.538553CrossRef Kataoka H (2009) Cathepsin enzymes and cystatin C: do they play a role in positive arterial remodeling? Response. Stroke 40(2):E28. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1161/​strokeaha.​108.​538553CrossRef