Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Pediatric Nephrology 11/2008

Open Access 01-11-2008 | Educational Feature

Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome

Authors: Lawrence Copelovitch, Bernard S. Kaplan

Published in: Pediatric Nephrology | Issue 11/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

Streptococcus pneumonia-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) (pneumococcal HUS) is an uncommon condition mainly observed in young children. Early recognition is critical, because of the potential to improve morbidity and mortality. In our review we summarize the pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic difficulties and management of this potentially under-diagnosed condition.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Gray BM (2001) Is pneumococcal hemolytic-uremic syndrome a new disease? Infect Med 18:251–258 Gray BM (2001) Is pneumococcal hemolytic-uremic syndrome a new disease? Infect Med 18:251–258
2.
go back to reference Rake G (1933) Nephritis in pneumococcal infections. Guys Hosp Rep 83:430–443 Rake G (1933) Nephritis in pneumococcal infections. Guys Hosp Rep 83:430–443
3.
go back to reference Councilman WT (1897) An anatomical and bacteriologic study of acute diffuse nephritis. Am J Med Sci 115:23–44 Councilman WT (1897) An anatomical and bacteriologic study of acute diffuse nephritis. Am J Med Sci 115:23–44
4.
go back to reference Schenk EA, Panke TW, Cole HA (1970) Glomerular and arteriolar thrombosis in pneumococcal septicemia. Arch Pathol 89:154–159PubMed Schenk EA, Panke TW, Cole HA (1970) Glomerular and arteriolar thrombosis in pneumococcal septicemia. Arch Pathol 89:154–159PubMed
5.
go back to reference Fischer K, Poschmann A, Oster H (1971) Hamolyse bei schwerer Pneumonie infolge Neuraminidasewirkung. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 119:2PubMed Fischer K, Poschmann A, Oster H (1971) Hamolyse bei schwerer Pneumonie infolge Neuraminidasewirkung. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 119:2PubMed
6.
go back to reference Klein PJ, Bulla M, Newman RA, Muller P, Uhlenbruck G, Schaefer HE, Kruger G, Fisher R (1977) Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in haemolyitc-uraemic syndrome. Lancet ii:1024–1025 Klein PJ, Bulla M, Newman RA, Muller P, Uhlenbruck G, Schaefer HE, Kruger G, Fisher R (1977) Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen in haemolyitc-uraemic syndrome. Lancet ii:1024–1025
7.
go back to reference Moorthy B, Makker SP (1979) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal sepsis. J Pediatr 95:558–559PubMed Moorthy B, Makker SP (1979) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal sepsis. J Pediatr 95:558–559PubMed
8.
go back to reference Yahav J, Aladjem M, Boichis H, Barzilay Z (1980) Hemolytic uremic syndrome due to pneumococcal sepsis. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1:197–198 Yahav J, Aladjem M, Boichis H, Barzilay Z (1980) Hemolytic uremic syndrome due to pneumococcal sepsis. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 1:197–198
9.
go back to reference Seger R, Joller P, Baerlocher K, Kenny A, Dulake C, Leuman E, Spierig M, Hitzig WH (1980) Haemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with neuraminidase-producing microorganisms: treatment by exchange transfusion. Helv Paediatr Acta 35:359–367PubMed Seger R, Joller P, Baerlocher K, Kenny A, Dulake C, Leuman E, Spierig M, Hitzig WH (1980) Haemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with neuraminidase-producing microorganisms: treatment by exchange transfusion. Helv Paediatr Acta 35:359–367PubMed
10.
go back to reference Chan JCM, Goplerud JM, Papadopoulou ZL, Novello AC (1981) Kidney failure in childhood. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 2:220–221 Chan JCM, Goplerud JM, Papadopoulou ZL, Novello AC (1981) Kidney failure in childhood. Int J Pediatr Nephrol 2:220–221
11.
go back to reference Novak RW, Martin CR, Orsini EN (1983) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome and T-cryptantigen exposure by neuraminidase-producing pneumococci: an emerging problem? Pediatr Pathol 1:409–413PubMed Novak RW, Martin CR, Orsini EN (1983) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome and T-cryptantigen exposure by neuraminidase-producing pneumococci: an emerging problem? Pediatr Pathol 1:409–413PubMed
12.
go back to reference Alon U, Adler SP, Chan JC (1984) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Report of a case and review of the literature. Am J Dis Child 138:496–499PubMed Alon U, Adler SP, Chan JC (1984) Hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. Report of a case and review of the literature. Am J Dis Child 138:496–499PubMed
13.
go back to reference Feld LG, Springate JE, Darragh R, Fildes RD (1987) Pneumococcal pneumonia and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 6:693–695PubMed Feld LG, Springate JE, Darragh R, Fildes RD (1987) Pneumococcal pneumonia and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 6:693–695PubMed
14.
go back to reference Mizusawa Y, Pitcher LA, Burke JR, Falk MC, Mizushima W (1996) Survey of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in Queensland 1979–1995. Med J Aust 165:188–191PubMed Mizusawa Y, Pitcher LA, Burke JR, Falk MC, Mizushima W (1996) Survey of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in Queensland 1979–1995. Med J Aust 165:188–191PubMed
15.
go back to reference Constantinescu AR, Bitzan M, Weiss LS, Christen E, Kaplan BS, Cnaan A, Trachtman H (2004) Non-enteropathic hemolytic uremic syndrome: causes and short-term course. Am J Kidney Dis 43:976–982PubMed Constantinescu AR, Bitzan M, Weiss LS, Christen E, Kaplan BS, Cnaan A, Trachtman H (2004) Non-enteropathic hemolytic uremic syndrome: causes and short-term course. Am J Kidney Dis 43:976–982PubMed
16.
go back to reference Cabrera GR, Fortenberry JD, Warshaw BL, Chambliss CR, Butler JC, Cooperstone BG (1998) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Pediatrics 101:699–703PubMed Cabrera GR, Fortenberry JD, Warshaw BL, Chambliss CR, Butler JC, Cooperstone BG (1998) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. Pediatrics 101:699–703PubMed
17.
go back to reference Kaplan SL, Mason EO jr, Basson WJ, Wald ER, Arditi M, Tan TQ, Schutze GE, Bradley JS, Givner LB, Kim KS, Yogev R (1998) Three year multicenter surveillance of systemic pneumococcal infections in children. Pediatrics 102:538–545PubMed Kaplan SL, Mason EO jr, Basson WJ, Wald ER, Arditi M, Tan TQ, Schutze GE, Bradley JS, Givner LB, Kim KS, Yogev R (1998) Three year multicenter surveillance of systemic pneumococcal infections in children. Pediatrics 102:538–545PubMed
18.
go back to reference McTaggart SJ, Burke JR (1998) Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome. J Paediatr Child Health 34:192–195PubMed McTaggart SJ, Burke JR (1998) Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome. J Paediatr Child Health 34:192–195PubMed
19.
go back to reference Krysan DJ, Flynn JT (2001) Renal transplantation after streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 37:e15PubMed Krysan DJ, Flynn JT (2001) Renal transplantation after streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Am J Kidney Dis 37:e15PubMed
20.
go back to reference Myers KA, Marrie TJ (1993) Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 17:1037–1040PubMed Myers KA, Marrie TJ (1993) Thrombotic microangiopathy associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae bacteremia: case report and review. Clin Infect Dis 17:1037–1040PubMed
21.
go back to reference von Eyben FE, Szpirt W (1985) Pneumococcal sepsis with hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the adult. Nephron 40:501–502 von Eyben FE, Szpirt W (1985) Pneumococcal sepsis with hemolytic-uremic syndrome in the adult. Nephron 40:501–502
22.
go back to reference McGraw ME, Lendon M, Stevens RF, Postlethwaite RJ, Taylor CM (1989) Haemolytic uremic syndrome and the Thomsen Friendenreich antigen. Pediatr Nephrol 3:135–139PubMed McGraw ME, Lendon M, Stevens RF, Postlethwaite RJ, Taylor CM (1989) Haemolytic uremic syndrome and the Thomsen Friendenreich antigen. Pediatr Nephrol 3:135–139PubMed
23.
go back to reference Martinot A, Hue V, Leclerc F, Chenaud M (1989) Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Eur J Pediatr 148:648–649PubMed Martinot A, Hue V, Leclerc F, Chenaud M (1989) Haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. Eur J Pediatr 148:648–649PubMed
24.
go back to reference Begue R, Dennehy PH, Peter G (1991) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 325:133–134PubMed Begue R, Dennehy PH, Peter G (1991) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Streptococcus pneumoniae. N Engl J Med 325:133–134PubMed
25.
go back to reference Erickson LC, Smith WS, Biswas AK, Camarca MA, Waecker NJ Jr (1994) Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome: a case for early diagnosis. Pediatr Nephrol 8:211–213PubMed Erickson LC, Smith WS, Biswas AK, Camarca MA, Waecker NJ Jr (1994) Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome: a case for early diagnosis. Pediatr Nephrol 8:211–213PubMed
26.
go back to reference Pan CG, Leichter HE, Werlin SL (1995) Hepatocellular injury in Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol 9:690–693PubMed Pan CG, Leichter HE, Werlin SL (1995) Hepatocellular injury in Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol 9:690–693PubMed
27.
go back to reference Sajjanhar T, Mayer A, Murdoch IA (1996) Chronic subdural haematoma and Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Acta Paediatr 85:1135–1136PubMed Sajjanhar T, Mayer A, Murdoch IA (1996) Chronic subdural haematoma and Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated haemolytic-uraemic syndrome. Acta Paediatr 85:1135–1136PubMed
28.
go back to reference Gilbert RD, Argent AC (1998) Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 17:530–532PubMed Gilbert RD, Argent AC (1998) Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 17:530–532PubMed
29.
go back to reference Nathanson S, Deschenes G (2001) Prognosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 16:362–365PubMed Nathanson S, Deschenes G (2001) Prognosis of Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 16:362–365PubMed
30.
go back to reference Gatter N, Maier O, Hoppe B (2001) Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome: report of a further case. Pediatr Nephrol 16:840–841PubMed Gatter N, Maier O, Hoppe B (2001) Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome: report of a further case. Pediatr Nephrol 16:840–841PubMed
31.
go back to reference Brandt J, Wong C, Mihm S, Roberts J, Smith J, Brewer E, Thiagarajan R, Warady B (2002) Invasive pneumococcal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatrics 110:371–376PubMed Brandt J, Wong C, Mihm S, Roberts J, Smith J, Brewer E, Thiagarajan R, Warady B (2002) Invasive pneumococcal disease and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Pediatrics 110:371–376PubMed
32.
go back to reference Vanderkooi OG, Kellner JD, Wade AW, Jadavji T, Midgley JP, Louie T, Tyrell GJ (2003) Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection causing hemolytic uremic syndrome in children: two recent cases. Can J Infect Dis 14:339–343PubMedPubMedCentral Vanderkooi OG, Kellner JD, Wade AW, Jadavji T, Midgley JP, Louie T, Tyrell GJ (2003) Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae infection causing hemolytic uremic syndrome in children: two recent cases. Can J Infect Dis 14:339–343PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
go back to reference Cochran JB, Panzarino VM, Maes LY, Tecklenburg FW (2004) Pneumococcus-induced T-antigen activation in hemolytic uremic syndrome and anemia. Pediatr Nephrol 19:317–321; only 416 patients from this publication were included because two had isolated pneumococcal-associated hemolytic anemiaPubMed Cochran JB, Panzarino VM, Maes LY, Tecklenburg FW (2004) Pneumococcus-induced T-antigen activation in hemolytic uremic syndrome and anemia. Pediatr Nephrol 19:317–321; only 416 patients from this publication were included because two had isolated pneumococcal-associated hemolytic anemiaPubMed
34.
go back to reference Proulx F, Sockett P (2005) Prospective surveillance of Canadian children with the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 20:786–790PubMed Proulx F, Sockett P (2005) Prospective surveillance of Canadian children with the haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 20:786–790PubMed
35.
go back to reference Barit G, Sakarcan A (2005) Antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 164:414–416PubMed Barit G, Sakarcan A (2005) Antibiotic resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and hemolytic uremic syndrome. Eur J Pediatr 164:414–416PubMed
36.
go back to reference Yong JH, Fonseca BK, Best EJ, Holland T, Craig ME (2005) A preventable illness? Purulent pericarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae complicated by haemolytic uraemic syndrome in an infant. Commun Dis Intell 29:77–79 Yong JH, Fonseca BK, Best EJ, Holland T, Craig ME (2005) A preventable illness? Purulent pericarditis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae complicated by haemolytic uraemic syndrome in an infant. Commun Dis Intell 29:77–79
37.
go back to reference Lee CF, Liu SC, Lue KH, Chen JP, Sheu JN (2006) Pneumococcal pneumonia with empyema and hemolytic uremic syndrome in children: report of three cases. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 39:348–352PubMed Lee CF, Liu SC, Lue KH, Chen JP, Sheu JN (2006) Pneumococcal pneumonia with empyema and hemolytic uremic syndrome in children: report of three cases. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 39:348–352PubMed
38.
go back to reference Huang YH, Lin TY, Wong KS, Huang YC, Chiu CH, Lai SH, Hsia SH (2006) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal pneumonia in Taiwan. Eur J Pediatr 165:332–335PubMed Huang YH, Lin TY, Wong KS, Huang YC, Chiu CH, Lai SH, Hsia SH (2006) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with pneumococcal pneumonia in Taiwan. Eur J Pediatr 165:332–335PubMed
39.
go back to reference von Vigier RO, Seibel K, Bianchetti MG (1999) Positive Coombs test in pneumococcus-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a review of the literature. Nephron 82:183–184 von Vigier RO, Seibel K, Bianchetti MG (1999) Positive Coombs test in pneumococcus-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a review of the literature. Nephron 82:183–184
40.
go back to reference Mulder AH, Gerlag PG, Verhoef LH, van den Wall Bake AW (2001) Hemolytic uremic syndrome after Capnocytophaga canimorsus (DF-2) septicemia. Clin Nephrol 55:167–170PubMed Mulder AH, Gerlag PG, Verhoef LH, van den Wall Bake AW (2001) Hemolytic uremic syndrome after Capnocytophaga canimorsus (DF-2) septicemia. Clin Nephrol 55:167–170PubMed
41.
go back to reference Tobe TJ, Franssen CF, Zijlstra JG, de Jong PE, Stegeman CA (1999) Hemolytic uremic syndrome due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus bacteremia after a dog bite. Am J Kidney Dis 33:e5PubMed Tobe TJ, Franssen CF, Zijlstra JG, de Jong PE, Stegeman CA (1999) Hemolytic uremic syndrome due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus bacteremia after a dog bite. Am J Kidney Dis 33:e5PubMed
42.
go back to reference Watanabe T (2001) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with influenza A virus infection. Nephron 89:359–360PubMed Watanabe T (2001) Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with influenza A virus infection. Nephron 89:359–360PubMed
43.
go back to reference Siegler RL (1995) Hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 7:159–163PubMed Siegler RL (1995) Hemolytic uremic syndrome in children. Curr Opin Pediatr 7:159–163PubMed
44.
go back to reference Siegler R, Oakes R (2005) Hemolytic uremic syndrome; pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome. Curr Opin Pediatr 17:200–204PubMed Siegler R, Oakes R (2005) Hemolytic uremic syndrome; pathogenesis, treatment, and outcome. Curr Opin Pediatr 17:200–204PubMed
45.
go back to reference Siegler RL, Pavia AT, Christofferson RD, Milligan MK (1994) A 20 year population based study of postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome in Utah. Pediatrics 94:35PubMed Siegler RL, Pavia AT, Christofferson RD, Milligan MK (1994) A 20 year population based study of postdiarrheal hemolytic uremic syndrome in Utah. Pediatrics 94:35PubMed
46.
go back to reference Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program 2002 Results (2003) Canadian Pediatric Society, Ottawa, pp 27–28 Canadian Pediatric Surveillance Program 2002 Results (2003) Canadian Pediatric Society, Ottawa, pp 27–28
47.
go back to reference Huang DTN, Chi H, Lee HC, Chiu NC, Huang FY (2006) T-antigen activation for prediction of pneumococcus-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemolytic anemia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:608–610PubMed Huang DTN, Chi H, Lee HC, Chiu NC, Huang FY (2006) T-antigen activation for prediction of pneumococcus-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome and hemolytic anemia. Pediatr Infect Dis J 25:608–610PubMed
48.
go back to reference von Vigier RO, Fossali E, Crosazzo L, Bianchetti MG (2005) Positive Coombs test in postpneumococcal hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:1028–1029 von Vigier RO, Fossali E, Crosazzo L, Bianchetti MG (2005) Positive Coombs test in postpneumococcal hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Pediatr Infect Dis J 24:1028–1029
49.
go back to reference American Academy of Pediatrics (1997) Therapy for children for invasive pneumococcal infections. Pediatrics 99:289–299 American Academy of Pediatrics (1997) Therapy for children for invasive pneumococcal infections. Pediatrics 99:289–299
50.
go back to reference Arditi M, Mason EO Jr, Bradley JS, Tan TQ, Barson WJ, Schutze GE, Wald ER, Givner LB, Kim KS, Yogev R, Kaplan SL (1998) Three-year multicenter surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis in children: clinical characteristics, and outcome related to penicillin susceptibility and dexamethasone use. Pediatrics 102:1087–1097PubMed Arditi M, Mason EO Jr, Bradley JS, Tan TQ, Barson WJ, Schutze GE, Wald ER, Givner LB, Kim KS, Yogev R, Kaplan SL (1998) Three-year multicenter surveillance of pneumococcal meningitis in children: clinical characteristics, and outcome related to penicillin susceptibility and dexamethasone use. Pediatrics 102:1087–1097PubMed
51.
go back to reference Vierbuchen M, Klein PJ (1983) Histochemical demonstration of neuraminidase effects in pneumococcal meningitis. Lab Invest 48:181–186PubMed Vierbuchen M, Klein PJ (1983) Histochemical demonstration of neuraminidase effects in pneumococcal meningitis. Lab Invest 48:181–186PubMed
Metadata
Title
Streptococcus pneumoniae-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome
Authors
Lawrence Copelovitch
Bernard S. Kaplan
Publication date
01-11-2008
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Pediatric Nephrology / Issue 11/2008
Print ISSN: 0931-041X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-198X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00467-007-0518-y

Other articles of this Issue 11/2008

Pediatric Nephrology 11/2008 Go to the issue