Top

International Journal of Public Health

Published in:

01-06-2019 | Original article

Spatial variations and macroeconomic determinants of life expectancy and mortality rate in China: a county-level study based on spatial analysis models

Authors: Shaobin Wang, Zhoupeng Ren

Published in: International Journal of Public Health | Issue 5/2019

Abstract

Objectives

The life expectancy and mortality rate always exhibit remarkable spatial variations. Their spatial distribution patterns and economic determinants in China were explored.

Methods

Four indexes including lifespan expectancy at birth (LEB), infant mortality rate (IMR), under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) and crude mortality rate (CMR) at county level in China were calculated. The spatial distribution patterns of these indexes were illustrated. Meanwhile, spatial regressive model was applied to explore the relations between major macroeconomic determinants and these indexes.

Results

Spatial dependence of these four indexes in China was identified, and the positive spatial autocorrelation indicated a clustering feature rather than stochastic distribution. Additionally, local Moran’s I statistics revealed opposite local spatial clusters of LEB and IMR, U5MR in China, that LEB showed that high value clusters in the southwest and low value clusters in the eastern part and northern Xinjiang, and IMR/U5MR exhibited that low value clusters in the east and high value clusters in the west. The spatial regression revealed that income per capita influenced positively on LEB and CMR, and GDP per capita was associated positively with IMR and U5MR.

Conclusions

Geographical factors should be highly considered, and the L–L LEB or H–H IMR/U5MR clustered areas need to be integrated as a whole to formulate public health and economic development plans.

Available only for authorised users

Acemoglu D, Johnson S (2007) Disease and development: the effect of life expectancy on economic growth. J Polit Econ 115:925–985CrossRef

Anderson RN (1999) A method for constructing complete annual US life tables. Vital Health Stat 2:1–28

Andrews KM, Brouillette DB, Brouillette RT (2008) Mortality, Infant A2 - Haith, Marshall M. In: Benson JB (ed) Encyclopedia of infant and early childhood development. Academic Press, San Diego, pp 343–359CrossRef

Bai C-E, Ma H, Pan W (2012) Spatial spillover and regional economic growth in China. China Econ Rev 23:982–990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2012.04.016 CrossRef

Chin B, Montana L, Basagaña X (2011) Spatial modeling of geographic inequalities in infant and child mortality across Nepal. Health Place 17:929–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2011.04.006 CrossRefPubMed

Cossman JS, Cossman RE, James WL et al (2007) Persistent clusters of mortality in the United States. Am J Public Health 97:2148–2150CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Cutler DM, Huang W, Lleras-Muney A (2016) Economic conditions and mortality: evidence from 200 years of data. National Bureau of Economic Research

Dabla-Norris ME, Kochhar MK, Suphaphiphat MN et al (2015) Causes and consequences of income inequality: a global perspective. International Monetary Fund

Douven W, Scholten HJ (1995) Spatial analysis in health research. In: De Lepper MJC, Scholten HJ, Stern RM (eds) The added value of geographical information systems in public and environmental health. Springer, Dordrecht, pp 117–133CrossRef

Gruebner O, Khan M, Burkart K et al (2017) Spatial variations and determinants of infant and under-five mortality in Bangladesh. Health Place 47:156–164. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2017.08.012 CrossRefPubMed

Hajizadeh M, Nandi A, Heymann J (2014) Social inequality in infant mortality: What explains variation across low and middle income countries? Soc Sci Med 101:36–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.11.019 CrossRefPubMed

Hobcraft JN, Mcdonald JW, Rutstein SO (1984) Socio-economic factors in Infant and child mortality: a cross-national comparison. Popul Stud 38:193–223. https://doi.org/10.1080/00324728.1984.10410286 CrossRef

Hondula DM, Davis RE, Saha MV et al (2015) Geographic dimensions of heat-related mortality in seven US cities. Environ Res 138:439–452CrossRefPubMed

Hu SB, Wang F, Yu CH (2015) Evaluation and estimation of the provincial infant mortality rate in china’s sixth census. Biomed Environ Sci 28:410–420. https://doi.org/10.3967/bes2015.058 CrossRefPubMed

Jablon S, Bailar JC (1980) The contribution of ionizing radiation to cancer mortality in the United States. Prev Med 9:219–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/0091-7435(80)90079-1 CrossRefPubMed

Li RB, Tan JA, Wang WY, Yang H (2000) The yearly change and regional difference of population life-span in China. Hum Geogr 15:1–6

Marten R, McIntyre D, Travassos C et al (2014) An assessment of progress towards universal health coverage in Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS). The Lancet 384:2164–2171. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60075-1 CrossRef

Nolte E, McKee CM (2012) In amenable mortality: deaths avoidable through health care—progress in the US lags that of three european countries. Health Aff (Millwood) 31:2114–2122CrossRef

Qiu X, Wu S (2011) Global and local regression analysis of factors of American College Test (ACT) score for public high schools in the state of Missouri. Ann Assoc Am Geogr 101:63–83CrossRef

Salomon JA, Wang H, Freeman MK et al (2013) Healthy life expectancy for 187 countries, 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden Disease Study 2010. The Lancet 380:2144–2162CrossRef

Shryock HS, Siegel JS, Stockwell EG (1976) The methods and materials of demography. Academic Press, New York

Singh A, Pathak PK, Chauhan RK, Pan W (2011) Infant and child mortality in India in the last two decades: a geospatial analysis. PLoS ONE 6:e26856. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0026856 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Smith JP (1999) Healthy bodies and thick wallets: the dual relation between health and economic status. J Econ Perspect J Am Econ Assoc 13:144–166

Sorlie PD, Backlund E, Keller JB (1995) US mortality by economic, demographic, and social characteristics: the National Longitudinal Mortality Study. Am J Public Health 85:949–956CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Su C-W, Liu T-Y, Chang H-L, Jiang X-Z (2015) Is urbanization narrowing the urban-rural income gap? A cross-regional study of China. Habitat Int 48:79–86CrossRef

Su S, Lei C, Li A et al (2017) Coverage inequality and quality of volunteered geographic features in Chinese cities: analyzing the associated local characteristics using geographically weighted regression. Appl Geogr 78:78–93CrossRef

Szreter S (1997) Economic growth, disruption, deprivation, disease, and death: on the importance of the politics of public health for development. Popul Dev Rev 23:693–728. https://doi.org/10.2307/2137377 CrossRef

Szwarcwald CL, de Andrade CLT, Bastos FI (2002) Income inequality, residential poverty clustering and infant mortality: a study in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Soc Sci Med 55:2083–2092. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00353-7 CrossRefPubMed

Tottrup C, Tersbol BP, Lindeboom W, Meyrowitsch D (2009) Putting child mortality on a map: towards an understanding of inequity in health. Trop Med Int Health 14:653–662. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3156.2009.02275.x CrossRefPubMed

UNDP (2010) International Human Development Indicators

United Nations (2011) World population prospects the 2010 revision, demographic profiles, vol II

Wang X (2006) Income inequality in China and its influencing factors. WIDER working paper series 126. World Institute for Development Economic Research (UNU-WIDER)

Wang YC, McPherson K, Marsh T et al (2011) Health and economic burden of the projected obesity trends in the USA and the UK. The Lancet 378:815–825. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60814-3 CrossRef

Wang C, Wan G, Yang D (2014a) Income inequality in the People’s Republic of China: trends, determinants, and proposed remedies. J Econ Surv 28:686–708CrossRef

Wang H, Liddell CA, Coates MM, Mooney MD, Levitz CE et al (2014b) Global, regional, and national levels of neonatal, infant, and under-5 mortality during 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013. The Lancet 384:957–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60497-9 CrossRef

Wang S, Luo K, Liu Y et al (2015a) Economic level and human longevity: spatial and temporal variations and correlation analysis of per capita GDP and longevity indicators in China. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 61:93–102CrossRefPubMed

Wang S, Luo K, Liu Y (2015b) Spatio-temporal distribution of human lifespan in China. Sci Rep 5:13844CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wang H, Naghavi M, Allen C, Barber RM, Bhutta ZA et al (2016) Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. The Lancet 388:1459–1544. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31012-1 CrossRef

Ward MD, Gleditsch KS (2008) Spatial regression models. Sage, Thousand OaksCrossRef

WHO (2013) World Health Statistics 2011. WHO, Geneva

Wilkinson RG (1992) Income distribution and life expectancy. BMJ 304:165CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wilson M, Daly M (1997) Life expectancy, economic inequality, homicide, and reproductive timing in Chicago neighbourhoods. BMJ 314:1271CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wise PH (2017) Infant Mortality A2—Quah, Stella R. International encyclopedia of public health, 2nd edn. Academic Press, Oxford, pp 216–221CrossRef

Xie Y, Zhou X (2014) Income inequality in today’s China. Proc Natl Acad Sci 111:6928–6933CrossRefPubMed

Xu Y, Zhang W, Yang R et al (2014) Infant mortality and life expectancy in China. Med Sci Monit Int Med J Exp Clin Res 20:379

Yang G, Wang Y, Zeng Y et al (2013) Rapid health transition in China, 1990–2010: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. The Lancet 381:1987–2015CrossRef

You D, Hug L, Ejdemyr S et al (2015) Global, regional, and national levels and trends in under-5 mortality between 1990 and 2015, with scenario-based projections to 2030: a systematic analysis by the UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation. The Lancet 386:2275–2286CrossRef

Zhao Z, Chen W (2011) China’s far below-replacement fertility and its long-term impact: comments on the preliminary results of the 2010 census. Demogr Res 25:819CrossRef

Title: Spatial variations and macroeconomic determinants of life expectancy and mortality rate in China: a county-level study based on spatial analysis models
Authors: Shaobin Wang
Zhoupeng Ren
Publication date: 01-06-2019
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: International Journal of Public Health / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 1661-8556
Electronic ISSN: 1661-8564
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00038-019-01251-y

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Spatial variations and macroeconomic determinants of life expectancy and mortality rate in China: a county-level study based on spatial analysis models

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 5/2019

Correction to: The impact of low education and poor health on unemployment varies by work life stage

Health literacy: Contradicting 50 years of research?

Effects of unintended pregnancy on maternal healthcare services utilization in low- and lower-middle-income countries: systematic review and meta-analysis

A novel approach to increase physical activity in older adults in the community using citizen science: a mixed-methods study

Reducing socioeconomic inequalities in life expectancy among municipalities: the Brazilian experience

Do self-reported data accurately measure health inequalities in risk factors for cardiovascular disease?