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01-12-2012 | Original Article

Sleep-related epilepsy in a Long-Evans hooded rat model of depression

Authors: Angela L. McDowell, Kingman P. Strohl, Pingfu Feng

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 4/2012

Abstract

Introduction

Neonatal treatment with clomipramine (CLI) has been shown to have reliable behavioral and biological changes that mimic major symptomatic and biochemical changes found in depression. This paper further explores a common feature of depression, the comorbidity of seizure activity and depressive behaviors in this mode.

Methods

Rat pups were neonatally treated with 40 mg/kg/day of CLI from postnatal day 8 through 21. In adulthood, they were instrumented with electroencephalographic (EEG) and electromyographic (EMG) electrodes for 24 h of polysomnogram (PSG) recordings. PSG data were analyzed for: (1) sleep-wake cycle; (2) spectral power; and (3) epileptiform activity, including NREM-to-REM transition (NRT) bursts.

Results

Neonatal treatment with CLI reliably produces enhanced levels of REM (p < 0.01) and reduced sexual activity (p < 0.05). Theta power was enhanced during NREM sleep in the CLI group (p = 0.02). CLI-treated animals experienced increased frequency at the NRT (p < 0.01), as well as additional epileptiform activity of continuous (CTS; p < 0.05) and petite-continuous (P-CTS; p < 0.01) types, across the sleep–wake cycle. There is a strong temporal correlation with increased REM sleep duration, increased frequency of NRT bursts, and increased theta power during NREM sleep in CLI-treated animals.

Discussion

Neonatal CLI-treated animals experienced significantly more epileptiform activity as a whole, in addition to comorbid features of depression in adulthood. Neonatal exposure to CLI will not only produce depressive phenotype but may also enhance risk for epilepsy in some individuals. This warrants further investigation into currently acceptable medicinal use in humans.

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Title: Sleep-related epilepsy in a Long-Evans hooded rat model of depression
Authors: Angela L. McDowell
Kingman P. Strohl
Pingfu Feng
Publication date: 01-12-2012
Publisher: Springer-Verlag
Published in: Sleep and Breathing / Issue 4/2012
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-011-0630-x

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Abstract

Introduction

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Discussion

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