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08-07-2023 | Sleep Apnea | Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Review

Anthropometric measures and obstructive sleep apnea in children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis

Authors: Luiza Lassi de Araújo Lopes, Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa, Lúcia Helena Soares Cevidanes, Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva, Marcela Lima Gurgel, Francisco Samuel Rodrigues Carvalho, Cauby Maia Chaves Júnior, Thyciana Rodrigues Ribeiro

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 1/2024

Abstract

Background

Anthropometric measurements can be used to identify children at risk of developing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The study aimed to assess which anthropometric measurements (AMs) are most associated with an increased predisposition to develop OSA in healthy children and adolescents.

Methods

We performed a systematic review (PROSPERO #CRD42022310572) that searched eight databases and gray literature.

Results

In eight studies with low-to-high risk of bias, investigators reported the following AMs: body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, neck-to-waist ratio, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, and facial AMs. The meta-analysis showed that the OSA group had an average of 1.00 cm greater for the neck circumference (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 2.26 [0.72, 5.23]), 3.07 cm greater for the waist circumference (p = 0.030; Cohen’s d = 0.28 [0.02, 0.53]), 3.96 cm greater for the hip circumference (p = 0.040; Cohen’s d = 0.28 [0.02, 0.55]), 5.21° greater for the cervicomental angle (p = 0.020; Cohen’s d = 0.31 [0.03, 0.59]), and 1.23° greater for maxillary-mandibular relationship angle (p < 0.001; Cohen’s d = 0.47 [0.22, 0.72]) than the control group. The mandibular depth angle had a reduction of 1.86° (p = 0.001; Cohen’s d = −0.36° [−0.65, −0.08]) in control than in patients with OSA. The BMI (p = 0.180), waist-to-hip ratio (p = 0.280), neck-to-waist ratio (p = 0.070), maxillary depth angle (p = 0.250), and upper/lower face height ratio (p = 0.070) showed no significant differences between groups.

Conclusions

Compared to the control group, the OSA group exhibited a greater mean difference in neck circumference, the only anthropometric measurement with high certainty of evidence.

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Title: Anthropometric measures and obstructive sleep apnea in children and adolescents: a systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis
Authors: Luiza Lassi de Araújo Lopes
Fábio Wildson Gurgel Costa
Lúcia Helena Soares Cevidanes
Paulo Goberlânio de Barros Silva
Marcela Lima Gurgel
Francisco Samuel Rodrigues Carvalho
Cauby Maia Chaves Júnior
Thyciana Rodrigues Ribeiro
Publication date: 08-07-2023
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Keyword: Sleep Apnea
Published in: Sleep and Breathing / Issue 1/2024
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-023-02861-w

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Abstract

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