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Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy
Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 7/2023

14-12-2022 | Shoulder Instability | Shoulder

High resorption rates following glenoid augmentation procedures do not seem to lead to higher recurrence rates or worse clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors: Cain Rutgers, Lukas P. E. Verweij, Alexander A. Schuit, Inger N. Sierevelt, Faridi S. Jamaludin, Henk-Jan van der Woude, Michel P. J. van den Bekerom

Published in: Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy | Issue 7/2023

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Abstract

Purpose

Bone augmentation techniques show a relatively high complication rate, which might be due to graft non-union and resorption. It is unclear which augmentation techniques demonstrate the highest amount of non-union and resorption and whether this leads to worse clinical or functional outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this review was (i) to compare non-union and resorption rates between surgical approaches, procedures, graft types, donor sites and fixation methods regarding clinical and functional outcomes and (ii) determine whether high non-union or resorption rates lead to less favorable clinical or functional outcomes.

Methods

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statements were followed. PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid) and Cochrane Library were searched on December 15th 2021 for studies examining bone graft non-union or resorption using radiograph or CT following glenoid augmentation to treat anterior shoulder dislocation.

Results

The search resulted in 103 inclusions, comprising 5,128 glenoid augmentations. When comparing pooled proportions of bony union, graft fracture rate, hardware failure rate, recurrence rate, return to sports and Rowe score, most results were similar between approaches, procedures, graft types, donor sites and fixation methods. High resorption rates were seen for allograft augmentation (74.3; 95% CI: 39.8–92.7) compared to autograft augmentation (15.5; 95% CI 10.1–23.2), but this was not associated with higher recurrence rates or worse clinical outcomes. Meta-analyses (8 studies; 494 patients) demonstrated no difference in incomplete and complete non-union rates between arthroscopic and open procedures; however, both analyses showed substantial heterogeneity. Higher partial resorption rates were observed on CT (48.0; 95% CI 43.3–52.7) compared to radiograph (14.1; 95% CI 10.9–18.1). Three studies comprising 267 shoulders demonstrated a higher rate of non-union and recurrence in smokers, whereas one study comprising 38 shoulders did not.

Conclusion

Non-union and resorption rates were similar among procedures, grafts and fixation methods. Higher resorption rates were observed in allografts, but this was not associated with higher recurrence rates or worse clinical outcomes. Pooling data demonstrated substantial heterogeneity and definitions varied among studies, warranting more standardized measuring.

Level of evidence

IV.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
High resorption rates following glenoid augmentation procedures do not seem to lead to higher recurrence rates or worse clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors
Cain Rutgers
Lukas P. E. Verweij
Alexander A. Schuit
Inger N. Sierevelt
Faridi S. Jamaludin
Henk-Jan van der Woude
Michel P. J. van den Bekerom
Publication date
14-12-2022
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy / Issue 7/2023
Print ISSN: 0942-2056
Electronic ISSN: 1433-7347
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00167-022-07267-x

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