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BMC Public Health
Published in: BMC Public Health 1/2024

Open Access 01-12-2024 | Research

Short-term exposure to extreme temperature and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children in the northern city of China: a time-series study

Authors: Ya Wu, Xiaobo Liu, Lijie Gao, Xiaohong Sun, Qianqi Hong, Qian Wang, Zhen Kang, Chao Yang, Sui Zhu

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2024

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Abstract

Background

Although studies have indicated that extreme temperature is strongly associated with respiratory diseases, there is a dearth of studies focused on children, especially in China. We aimed to explore the association between extreme temperature and children’s outpatient visits for respiratory diseases and seasonal modification effects in Harbin, China.

Methods

A distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was used to explore the effect of extreme temperature on daily outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children, as well as lag effects and seasonal modification effects.

Results

Extremely low temperatures were defined as the 1st percentile and 2.5th percentile of temperature. Extremely high temperatures were defined as the 97.5th percentile and 99th percentile of temperature. At extremely high temperatures, both 26 °C (97.5th) and 27 °C (99th) showed adverse effects at lag 0–6 days, with relative risks (RRs) of 1.34 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.21–1.48] and 1.38 (95% CI: 1.24–1.53), respectively. However, at extremely low temperatures, both − 26 °C (1st) and − 23 °C (2.5th) showed protective effects on children’s outpatient visits for respiratory diseases at lag 0–10 days, with RRs of 0.86 (95% CI: 0.76–0.97) and 0.85 (95% CI: 0.75–0.95), respectively. We also found seasonal modification effects, with the association being stronger in the warm season than in the cold season at extremely high temperatures.

Conclusions

Our study indicated that extremely hot temperatures increase the risk of children’s outpatient visits for respiratory diseases. Efforts to reduce the exposure of children to extremely high temperatures could potentially alleviate the burden of pediatric respiratory diseases, especially during the warm season.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Short-term exposure to extreme temperature and outpatient visits for respiratory diseases among children in the northern city of China: a time-series study
Authors
Ya Wu
Xiaobo Liu
Lijie Gao
Xiaohong Sun
Qianqi Hong
Qian Wang
Zhen Kang
Chao Yang
Sui Zhu
Publication date
01-12-2024
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2024
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-024-17814-5

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