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Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 5/2012

Open Access 01-10-2012 | Research article

Sex hormone changes during weight loss and maintenance in overweight and obese postmenopausal African-American and non-African-American women

Authors: Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon, Roni T Falk, Frank Stanczyk, Robert N Hoover, Lawrence J Appel, Jamy D Ard, Bryan C Batch, Janelle Coughlin, Xu Han, Lillian F Lien, Christina M Pinkston, Laura P Svetkey, Hormuzd A Katki

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 5/2012

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Abstract

Introduction

Changes in sex hormones with weight loss might have implications for breast cancer prevention but have not been examined extensively, particularly in African-American (AA) women.

Methods

We conducted a prospective study of 278 overweight/obese postmenopausal women (38% AA) not taking hormone therapy within the Weight Loss Maintenance Trial. All participants lost at least 4 kg after a 6-month weight-loss phase and attempted to maintain weight loss during the subsequent 12 months. We evaluated the percentage changes in estrone, estradiol, free estradiol, testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) using generalized estimating equations.

Results

In all study phases, AA women had higher levels of estrogen and testosterone concentrations, independent of adiposity. On average, participants lost 7.7 kg during the weight-loss phase, and concentrations of estrone (-5.7%, P = 0.006), estradiol (-9.9%, P <0.001), free estradiol (-13.4%, P <0.0001), and free testosterone (-9.9%, P <0.0001) decreased, while the SHBG concentration (16.2%, P <0.001) increased. Weight change did not significantly affect total testosterone or other androgen concentrations. Compared with non-AA women, AA women experienced less change in estrogens per kilogram of weight change (that is, per 1 kg weight loss: estrone, -0.6% vs. -1.2%, P-interaction = 0.10; estradiol, -1.1% vs. -1.9%, P-interaction = 0.04; SHBG, 0.9% vs. 1.6%, P-interaction = 0.006; free estradiol, -1.4% vs. -2.1%, P-interaction = 0.01).

Conclusion

To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to examine and compare the effects of intentional weight loss and maintenance on a panel of sex hormones in AA women and non-AA women. Although speculative, these data suggest hormonal differences may contribute to different racial patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality and encourage further investigations to understand the long-term effects of weight loss on sex hormones in obese postmenopausal women.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00054925
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
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Metadata
Title
Sex hormone changes during weight loss and maintenance in overweight and obese postmenopausal African-American and non-African-American women
Authors
Rachael Z Stolzenberg-Solomon
Roni T Falk
Frank Stanczyk
Robert N Hoover
Lawrence J Appel
Jamy D Ard
Bryan C Batch
Janelle Coughlin
Xu Han
Lillian F Lien
Christina M Pinkston
Laura P Svetkey
Hormuzd A Katki
Publication date
01-10-2012
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 5/2012
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/bcr3346

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