Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Original Article

Sex differences in ventricular–vascular coupling following endurance training

Authors: A. D. Lane, H. Yan, S. M. Ranadive, R. M. Kappus, P. Sun, M. D. Cook, I. Harvey, J. Woods, K. Wilund, B. Fernhall

Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology | Issue 12/2014

Abstract

Introduction

Ventricular and vascular coupling is defined as the ratio of arterial elastance (Ea) to ventricular elastance (Elv) and describes the interaction between the heart and arterial system. There are sex differences in both arterial and ventricular function in response to both acute exercise and aerobic exercise training.

Purpose

To examine the effects of aerobic exercise training on elastances and the coupling ratio in young adult men and women. We hypothesized a reduction in the coupling ratio in both sexes due to a decrease in Ea that would be more pronounced in men and an increase in Elv that would be larger in women.

Methods

Fifty-three healthy, young adults completed the study. Central pulse wave velocity and heart volumes were measured before and after an 8-week aerobic training intervention. Elastances were calculated as Ea = end-systolic pressure/stroke volume and Elv = end-systolic pressure/end-systolic volume and indexed to body surface area.

Results

After the intervention, women augmented indexed and un-indexed Elv from 2.09 ± 0.61 to 2.52 ± 0.80 mmHg/ml, p < 0.05, and reduced the coupling ratio from 0.72 ± 18 to 0.62 ± 15, p < 0.05, while men maintained their pre-training ratio (from 0.66 ± 0.20 to 0.74 ± 0.21, p > 0.05). Women also reduced end-systolic pressure (from 91 ± 10 to 87 ± 10 mmHg), and both groups reduced central pulse wave velocity (from 6.0 ± 1.0 to 5.6 ± 0.6 m/s, p < 0.05).

Conclusion

We conclude that after 8 weeks of aerobic training, only women reduced their coupling ratio due to an increase in Elv. This suggests that aerobic exercise training elicits sex-dependent changes in the coupling ratio in young, healthy individuals.

Antonini-Canterin F, Enache R, Popescu BA, Popescu AC, Ginghina C, Leiballi E, Piazza R, Pavan D, Rubin D, Cappelletti P, Nicolosi GL (2009) Prognostic value of ventricular–arterial coupling and B-type natriuretic peptide in patients after myocardial infarction: a five-year follow-up study. J Am Soc Echocardiogr 22(11):1239–1245. doi:10.1016/j.echo.2009.08.009 PubMedCrossRef

Arbab-Zadeh A, Dijk E, Prasad A, Fu Q, Torres P, Zhang R, Thomas JD, Palmer D, Levine BD (2004) Effect of aging and physical activity on left ventricular compliance. Circulation 110(13):1799–1805. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000142863.71285.74 PubMedCrossRef

Beck DT, Casey DP, Martin JS, Emerson BD, Braith RW (2013) Exercise training improves endothelial function in young prehypertensives. Exp Biol Med Maywood 238(4):433–441. doi:10.1177/1535370213477600 PubMedCrossRef

Chantler PD, Lakatta EG, Najjar SS (2008) Arterial-ventricular coupling: mechanistic insights into cardiovascular performance at rest and during exercise. J Appl Physiol 105(4):1342–1351. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.90600.2008 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Chemla D, Antony I, Lecarpentier Y, Nitenberg A (2003) Contribution of systemic vascular resistance and total arterial compliance to effective arterial elastance in humans. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 285(2):H614–H620. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00823.2002 PubMed

Chirinos JA, Rietzschel ER, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer D, Gillebert TC, Gupta AK, Segers P (2009) Arterial load and ventricular–arterial coupling: physiologic relations with body size and effect of obesity. Hypertension 54(3):558–566. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.109.131870 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Chirinos JA, Segers P, Gillebert TC, Gupta AK, De Buyzere ML, De Bacquer D, St John-Sutton M, Rietzschel ER (2012) Arterial properties as determinants of time-varying myocardial stress in humans. Hypertension 60(1):64–70. doi:10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.112.190710 PubMedCrossRef

Collier SR (2008) Sex differences in the effects of aerobic and anaerobic exercise on blood pressure and arterial stiffness. Gend Med 5(2):115–123. doi:10.1016/j.genm.2008.06.002 PubMedCrossRef

Drazner MH (2011) The progression of hypertensive heart disease. Circulation 123(3):327–334. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.845792 PubMedCrossRef

Fujimoto N, Prasad A, Hastings JL, Arbab-Zadeh A, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Palmer D, Levine BD (2010) Cardiovascular effects of 1 year of progressive and vigorous exercise training in previously sedentary individuals older than 65 years of age. Circulation 122(18):1797–1805. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.973784 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Fujimoto N, Hastings JL, Bhella PS, Shibata S, Gandhi NK, Carrick-Ranson G, Palmer D, Levine BD (2012) Effect of ageing on left ventricular compliance and distensibility in healthy sedentary humans. J Physiol 590(Pt 8):1871–1880. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.218271 PubMedCentralPubMed

Gatzka CD, Kingwell BA, Cameron JD, Berry KL, Liang YL, Dewar EM, Reid CM, Jennings GL, Dart AM, Inhibitor AiACOToA-CE, Diuretic-Based Treatment of Hypertension in the E (2001) Gender differences in the timing of arterial wave reflection beyond differences in body height. J Hypertens 19(12):2197–2203PubMedCrossRef

Hart EC, Charkoudian N, Wallin BG, Curry TB, Eisenach J, Joyner MJ (2011) Sex and ageing differences in resting arterial pressure regulation: the role of the beta-adrenergic receptors. J Physiol 589(Pt 21):5285–5297. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.212753 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Hart EC, Joyner MJ, Wallin BG, Charkoudian N (2012) Sex, ageing and resting blood pressure: gaining insights from the integrated balance of neural and haemodynamic factors. J Physiol 590(Pt 9):2069–2079. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2011.224642 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Hashimoto J, Nichols WW, O’Rourke MF, Imai Y (2008) Association between wasted pressure effort and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertension: influence of arterial wave reflection. Am J Hypertens 21(3):329–333. doi:10.1038/ajh.2007.49 PubMedCrossRef

Hayward CS, Kalnins WV, Kelly RP (2001) Gender-related differences in left ventricular chamber function. Cardiovasc Res 49(2):340–350PubMedCrossRef

Holland DJ, Sacre JW, McFarlane SJ, Coombes JS, Sharman JE (2008) Pulse wave analysis is a reproducible technique for measuring central blood pressure during hemodynamic perturbations induced by exercise. Am J Hypertens 21(10):1100–1106. doi:10.1038//ajh.2008.253 PubMedCrossRef

Kappus RM, Ranadive SM, Yan H, Lane AD, Cook MD, Hall G, Harvey IS, Wilund KR, Woods JA, Fernhall B (2013) Validity of predicting left ventricular end systolic pressure changes following an acute bout of exercise. J Sci Med Sport Sport Med Aust 16(1):71–75. doi:10.1016/j.jsams.2012.05.003 CrossRef

Kass DA (2002) Age-related changes in venticular–arterial coupling: pathophysiologic implications. Heart Fail Rev 7(1):51–62PubMedCrossRef

Kass DA (2005) Ventricular arterial stiffening: integrating the pathophysiology. Hypertension 46(1):185–193. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000168053.34306.d4 PubMedCrossRef

Kass DA, Kelly RP (1992) Ventriculo-arterial coupling: concepts, assumptions, and applications. Ann Biomed Eng 20(1):41–62PubMedCrossRef

Kelly RP, Ting CT, Yang TM, Liu CP, Maughan WL, Chang MS, Kass DA (1992) Effective arterial elastance as index of arterial vascular load in humans. Circulation 86(2):513–521PubMedCrossRef

Kishimoto C, Shioji K, Kinoshita M, Iwase T, Tamaki S, Fujii M, Murashige A, Maruhashi H, Takeda S, Nonogi H, Hashimoto T (2003) Treatment of acute inflammatory cardiomyopathy with intravenous immunoglobulin ameliorates left ventricular function associated with suppression of inflammatory cytokines and decreased oxidative stress. Int J Cardiol 91(2–3):173–178PubMedCrossRef

Krumholz HM, Larson M, Levy D (1993) Sex differences in cardiac adaptation to isolated systolic hypertension. Am J Cardiol 72(3):310–313PubMedCrossRef

Lane AD, Ranadive SM, Yan H, Kappus RM, Cook MD, Sun P, Woods JA, Wilund K, Fernhall B (2013) Effect of sex on wasted left ventricular effort following maximal exercise. Int J Sports Med. doi:10.1055/s-0032-1329990 PubMed

Locatelli J, de Assis LV, Isoldi MC (2013) Calcium handling proteins: structure, function, and modulation by exercise. Heart Fail Rev. doi:10.1007/s10741-013-9373-z

Moreau KL, Gavin KM, Plum AE, Seals DR (2005) Ascorbic acid selectively improves large elastic artery compliance in postmenopausal women. Hypertension 45(6):1107–1112. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000165678.63373.8c PubMedCrossRef

Moreau KL, Meditz A, Deane KD, Kohrt WM (2012) Tetrahydrobiopterin improves endothelial function and decreases arterial stiffness in estrogen-deficient postmenopausal women. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 302(5):H1211–H1218. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.01065.2011 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Mosteller RD (1987) Simplified calculation of body-surface area. N Engl J Med 317(17):1098. doi:10.1056/NEJM198710223171717 PubMed

Najjar SS, Schulman SP, Gerstenblith G, Fleg JL, Kass DA, O’Connor F, Becker LC, Lakatta EG (2004) Age and gender affect ventricular–vascular coupling during aerobic exercise. J Am Coll Cardiol 44(3):611–617. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2004.04.041 PubMedCrossRef

Redfield MM, Jacobsen SJ, Borlaug BA, Rodeheffer RJ, Kass DA (2005) Age- and gender-related ventricular–vascular stiffening: a community-based study. Circulation 112(15):2254–2262. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.541078 PubMedCrossRef

Rinder MR, Miller TR, Ehsani AA (1999) Effects of endurance exercise training on left ventricular systolic performance and ventriculoarterial coupling in patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 138(1 Pt 1):169–174PubMedCrossRef

Saba PS, Ganau A, Devereux RB, Pini R, Pickering TG, Roman MJ (1999) Impact of arterial elastance as a measure of vascular load on left ventricular geometry in hypertension. J Hypertens 17(7):1007–1015PubMedCrossRef

Segers P, Stergiopulos N, Westerhof N (2002) Relation of effective arterial elastance to arterial system properties. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 282(3):H1041–H1046. doi:10.1152/ajpheart.00764.2001 PubMed

Sharman JE, Lim R, Qasem AM, Coombes JS, Burgess MI, Franco J, Garrahy P, Wilkinson IB, Marwick TH (2006) Validation of a generalized transfer function to noninvasively derive central blood pressure during exercise. Hypertension 47(6):1203–1208. doi:10.1161/01.HYP.0000223013.60612.72 PubMedCrossRef

Shibata S, Hastings JL, Prasad A, Fu Q, Okazaki K, Palmer MD, Zhang R, Levine BD (2008) ‘Dynamic’ Starling mechanism: effects of ageing and physical fitness on ventricular–arterial coupling. J Physiol 586(7):1951–1962. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2007.143651 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Shibata S, Hastings JL, Prasad A, Fu Q, Bhella PS, Pacini E, Krainski F, Palmer MD, Zhang R, Levine BD (2011) Congestive heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is associated with severely impaired dynamic Starling mechanism. J Appl Physiol 110(4):964–971. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00826.2010 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef

Sipola P, Heikkinen J, Laaksonen DE, Kettunen R (2009) Influence of 12 weeks of jogging on magnetic resonance-determined left ventricular characteristics in previously sedentary subjects free of cardiovascular disease. Am J Cardiol 103(4):567–571. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.10.020 PubMedCrossRef

Spina RJ, Ogawa T, Kohrt WM, Martin WH 3rd, Holloszy JO, Ehsani AA (1993) Differences in cardiovascular adaptations to endurance exercise training between older men and women. J Appl Physiol 75(2):849–855PubMed

Sunagawa K, Maughan WL, Burkhoff D, Sagawa K (1983) Left ventricular interaction with arterial load studied in isolated canine ventricle. Am J Physiol 245(5 Pt 1):H773–H780PubMed

Van Bortel LM, Duprez D, Starmans-Kool MJ, Safar ME, Giannattasio C, Cockcroft J, Kaiser DR, Thuillez C (2002) Clinical applications of arterial stiffness, task force III: recommendations for user procedures. Am J Hypertens 15(5):445–452PubMedCrossRef

Winer N, Sowers JR, Weber MA (2001) Gender differences in vascular compliance in young, healthy subjects assessed by pulse contour analysis. J Clin Hypertens Greenwich 3(3):145–152PubMedCrossRef

Title: Sex differences in ventricular–vascular coupling following endurance training
Authors: A. D. Lane
H. Yan
S. M. Ranadive
R. M. Kappus
P. Sun
M. D. Cook
I. Harvey
J. Woods
K. Wilund
B. Fernhall
Publication date: 01-12-2014
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: European Journal of Applied Physiology / Issue 12/2014
Print ISSN: 1439-6319
Electronic ISSN: 1439-6327
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00421-014-2981-z

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Sex differences in ventricular–vascular coupling following endurance training

Abstract

Introduction

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Introduction

Purpose

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 12/2014

Pulmonary O2 uptake kinetics during moderate-intensity exercise transitions initiated from low versus elevated metabolic rates: insights from manipulations in cadence

Trunk motor variability in patients with non-specific chronic low back pain

G tolerance and the vasoconstrictor reserve

Oxygen uptake at different intensities and sub-techniques predicts sprint performance in elite male cross-country skiers

Differences in conductive foot cooling: a comparison between males and females

Muscle activation during low- versus high-load resistance training in well-trained men