Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Dysphagia 1/2008

01-03-2008

Serving Temperature Viscosity Measurements of Nectar- and Honey-Thick Liquids

Authors: Jane Mertz Garcia, PhD, Edgar Chambers IV, PhD, Ziad Matta, MA, Megan Clark, MS

Published in: Dysphagia | Issue 1/2008

Login to get access

Abstract

This study reports the viscosity (thickness) of nectar- and honey-thick liquids measured at a typical serving temperature. Centipoise (cP) measurements were compared for three products (two starch and one gum-based thickener) mixed with five beverages that set for three time intervals (manufacturer-recommended time to thicken, 10 min, and 30 min). The serving temperature of the cold beverages was 4°C (water, apple juice, orange juice, and milk), and the hot beverage (coffee) was measured at 70°C. Statistical analysis showed that all factors interacted with one another, meaning that the viscosity of a nectar- or honey-like liquid varies greatly depending on the type of thickening agent and beverage combination in relation to the amount of time it thickens. Simply Thick, the gum-based thickener, typically produced samples that were the least viscous but they maintained a more consistent level of thickness over time. Serving temperature results are contrasted with viscosity measurements collected at room temperature, showing variable thickening patterns especially related to the type of thickening agent.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Garcia JM, Chambers E IV, Molander M: Thickened liquids: Practice patterns of speech-language pathologists. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 14:4–13, 2005PubMedCrossRef Garcia JM, Chambers E IV, Molander M: Thickened liquids: Practice patterns of speech-language pathologists. Am J Speech Lang Pathol 14:4–13, 2005PubMedCrossRef
2.
go back to reference Colodny N: Construction and validation of the mealtime and dysphagia questionnaire: An instrument designed to assess nursing staff reasons for noncompliance with SLP dysphagia and feeding recommendations. Dysphagia 16:263–271, 2001PubMedCrossRef Colodny N: Construction and validation of the mealtime and dysphagia questionnaire: An instrument designed to assess nursing staff reasons for noncompliance with SLP dysphagia and feeding recommendations. Dysphagia 16:263–271, 2001PubMedCrossRef
3.
go back to reference Mills RH: Rheology overview: Control of liquid viscosities in dysphagia management. Nutr Clin Pract 14:S52–S56, 1999 Mills RH: Rheology overview: Control of liquid viscosities in dysphagia management. Nutr Clin Pract 14:S52–S56, 1999
4.
go back to reference Steele CM, Van Lieshout PHHM, Goff DH: The rheology of liquids: A comparison of clinicians’ subjective impressions and objective measurement. Dysphagia 18:182–195, 2003PubMedCrossRef Steele CM, Van Lieshout PHHM, Goff DH: The rheology of liquids: A comparison of clinicians’ subjective impressions and objective measurement. Dysphagia 18:182–195, 2003PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Garcia JM, Chambers E IV, Matta Z, Clark M: Viscosity measurements of nectar and honey-thick liquids: Product, liquid, & time comparisons. Dysphagia 20:325–335, 2005PubMedCrossRef Garcia JM, Chambers E IV, Matta Z, Clark M: Viscosity measurements of nectar and honey-thick liquids: Product, liquid, & time comparisons. Dysphagia 20:325–335, 2005PubMedCrossRef
6.
go back to reference Lotong V, Chun SS, Chambers E IV, Garcia JM: Texture and flavor characteristics of beverages containing commercial thickening agents for dysphagia diets. J Food Sci 68:1537–1521, 2003CrossRef Lotong V, Chun SS, Chambers E IV, Garcia JM: Texture and flavor characteristics of beverages containing commercial thickening agents for dysphagia diets. J Food Sci 68:1537–1521, 2003CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Matta Z, Chambers E IV, Garcia JM, Helverson J: Sensory characteristics of six beverages prepared with commercial thickeners used for dysphagia diets. J Am Diet Assoc 106:1049–1054, 2006PubMedCrossRef Matta Z, Chambers E IV, Garcia JM, Helverson J: Sensory characteristics of six beverages prepared with commercial thickeners used for dysphagia diets. J Am Diet Assoc 106:1049–1054, 2006PubMedCrossRef
8.
go back to reference Pelletier CA: A comparison of consistency and taste of five commercial thickeners. Dysphagia 12:74–78, 1997PubMedCrossRef Pelletier CA: A comparison of consistency and taste of five commercial thickeners. Dysphagia 12:74–78, 1997PubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Glassburn DL, Deem JF: Thickener viscosity in dysphagia management: Variability among speech-language pathologists. Dysphagia 13:218–222, 1998PubMedCrossRef Glassburn DL, Deem JF: Thickener viscosity in dysphagia management: Variability among speech-language pathologists. Dysphagia 13:218–222, 1998PubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Bourne M: Food texture and viscosity: Concept and measurement. San Diego: Academic Press, 2002 Bourne M: Food texture and viscosity: Concept and measurement. San Diego: Academic Press, 2002
11.
go back to reference Rao A: Rheology of fluid and semisolid foods: Principles and applications. Aspen Publication, Gaithersburg, MD, 1999 Rao A: Rheology of fluid and semisolid foods: Principles and applications. Aspen Publication, Gaithersburg, MD, 1999
12.
go back to reference Bourne M: Effect of temperature on firmness of raw fruits and vegetables. J Food Sci 47:440-444, 1982CrossRef Bourne M: Effect of temperature on firmness of raw fruits and vegetables. J Food Sci 47:440-444, 1982CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Engelen L, de Wijk RA, Prinz JF, van der Bilt A, Janssen AM, Bosman F: The effect of oral temperature on the temperature perception of liquids and semisolids in the mouth. Eur J Oral Sci 110:412–416, 2002PubMedCrossRef Engelen L, de Wijk RA, Prinz JF, van der Bilt A, Janssen AM, Bosman F: The effect of oral temperature on the temperature perception of liquids and semisolids in the mouth. Eur J Oral Sci 110:412–416, 2002PubMedCrossRef
14.
go back to reference Saravacos GD: Effect of temperature on viscosity of fruit juices and purees. J Food Sci 35:122–125, 1970CrossRef Saravacos GD: Effect of temperature on viscosity of fruit juices and purees. J Food Sci 35:122–125, 1970CrossRef
15.
16.
go back to reference Crary MA, Groher ME: Introduction to adult swallowing disorders. St. Louis: Butterworth Heinemann, 2003 Crary MA, Groher ME: Introduction to adult swallowing disorders. St. Louis: Butterworth Heinemann, 2003
17.
go back to reference Logemann JA: Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders, 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, 1998 Logemann JA: Evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders, 2nd ed. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, 1998
18.
go back to reference Triadafilopoulos G, Tsang HHP, Segall GM: Hot water swallows improve symptoms and accelerate esophageal clearance in esophageal motility disorders. J Clin Gastroenterol 26:239–244, 1998PubMedCrossRef Triadafilopoulos G, Tsang HHP, Segall GM: Hot water swallows improve symptoms and accelerate esophageal clearance in esophageal motility disorders. J Clin Gastroenterol 26:239–244, 1998PubMedCrossRef
19.
go back to reference Mills RH: Evaluation of dysphagia in adults: Expanding the diagnostic options. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, 2000 Mills RH: Evaluation of dysphagia in adults: Expanding the diagnostic options. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed, 2000
20.
go back to reference National Dysphagia Task Force: National dysphagia diet: Standardization for optimal care. Chicago: American Dietetic Association, 2002 National Dysphagia Task Force: National dysphagia diet: Standardization for optimal care. Chicago: American Dietetic Association, 2002
21.
go back to reference Steele CM, Van Lieshout PHHM: Influence of bolus consistency on lingual behaviors in sequential swallowing. Dysphagia 19:192–206, 2004PubMedCrossRef Steele CM, Van Lieshout PHHM: Influence of bolus consistency on lingual behaviors in sequential swallowing. Dysphagia 19:192–206, 2004PubMedCrossRef
22.
go back to reference Cichero JAY, Jackson O, Halley PJ, Murdoch BE: How thick is thick? Multicenter study of the rheological and material property characteristics of mealtime fluids and videofluoroscopy fluids. Dysphagia 15:188–200, 2000PubMedCrossRef Cichero JAY, Jackson O, Halley PJ, Murdoch BE: How thick is thick? Multicenter study of the rheological and material property characteristics of mealtime fluids and videofluoroscopy fluids. Dysphagia 15:188–200, 2000PubMedCrossRef
23.
go back to reference Kammer R, Baillies A, Gill G, Hind J, Hewitt A, Dunn J, Robbins J: Comparison of Commercial Thickeners for Achieving Diagnostic & Treatment Congruence. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, San Diego, CA, 2005 Kammer R, Baillies A, Gill G, Hind J, Hewitt A, Dunn J, Robbins J: Comparison of Commercial Thickeners for Achieving Diagnostic & Treatment Congruence. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, San Diego, CA, 2005
24.
go back to reference Brown A: Understanding food: Principles and preparation 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2004 Brown A: Understanding food: Principles and preparation 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 2004
25.
go back to reference Akoh CC: Fat replacers. Food Technol 52:47–53, 1998 Akoh CC: Fat replacers. Food Technol 52:47–53, 1998
26.
go back to reference American Society for Testing and Materials: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 14.03, 1991 American Society for Testing and Materials: Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol. 14.03, 1991
27.
go back to reference Anonymous: Agglomerated maltodextrin expands uses. Food Dev 15:14–15, 1981 Anonymous: Agglomerated maltodextrin expands uses. Food Dev 15:14–15, 1981
28.
go back to reference Kuntz LA: Making the most of maltodextrins. Food Prod Design 7:89–104, 1997 Kuntz LA: Making the most of maltodextrins. Food Prod Design 7:89–104, 1997
29.
go back to reference Tuason DC Jr, McGinley EJ: Microcrystalline cellulose-based stabilizer system for dry mix instant chocolate drink. U.S. Patent 4980193, 1990 Tuason DC Jr, McGinley EJ: Microcrystalline cellulose-based stabilizer system for dry mix instant chocolate drink. U.S. Patent 4980193, 1990
30.
go back to reference Schuricht H, Schierbaum F, Fleischer LG: The influence of high pressure on gel forming maltodextrins. I. Macro-structure, thermodynamic and fluid dynamic effects. Starch/Stärke 50:499–511, 1998CrossRef Schuricht H, Schierbaum F, Fleischer LG: The influence of high pressure on gel forming maltodextrins. I. Macro-structure, thermodynamic and fluid dynamic effects. Starch/Stärke 50:499–511, 1998CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Hoefler AC: Hydrocolloids: Practical Guides for the Food Industry. St. Paul, MN: Eagan Press, 2004 Hoefler AC: Hydrocolloids: Practical Guides for the Food Industry. St. Paul, MN: Eagan Press, 2004
32.
go back to reference Thomas DJ, Atwel WA: Starches: Practical Guides for the Food Industry. St. Paul, MN: Eagan Press, 1999 Thomas DJ, Atwel WA: Starches: Practical Guides for the Food Industry. St. Paul, MN: Eagan Press, 1999
33.
go back to reference Jeremic K, Markov S, Pekic B, Jovanovic S: The influence of temperature and inorganic salts on the rheological properties of xanthan aqueous solutions. J Serbian Chem Soc 64:109–116, 1999 Jeremic K, Markov S, Pekic B, Jovanovic S: The influence of temperature and inorganic salts on the rheological properties of xanthan aqueous solutions. J Serbian Chem Soc 64:109–116, 1999
34.
go back to reference Liao HJ: Simulation of continuous sterilization of fluid food products: The role of thermorheological behavior of starch dispersion and process. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, 1998 Liao HJ: Simulation of continuous sterilization of fluid food products: The role of thermorheological behavior of starch dispersion and process. Ph.D. Thesis, Cornell University, 1998
35.
go back to reference Hamlet S, Choi J, Zormeier M, Shamsa F, Stachler R, Muz J, Jones L: Normal adult swallowing of liquid and viscous material: Scintigraphic data on bolus transit and oropharyngeal residues. Dysphagia 11:41–47, 1996PubMedCrossRef Hamlet S, Choi J, Zormeier M, Shamsa F, Stachler R, Muz J, Jones L: Normal adult swallowing of liquid and viscous material: Scintigraphic data on bolus transit and oropharyngeal residues. Dysphagia 11:41–47, 1996PubMedCrossRef
36.
go back to reference Cichero JAY: Viscosity testing: Opening pandora’s box. In: Perspectives on swallowing and swallowing disorders newsletter. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language Hearing Association, 2006, Vol. 15, pp 2–8 Cichero JAY: Viscosity testing: Opening pandora’s box. In: Perspectives on swallowing and swallowing disorders newsletter. Rockville, MD: American Speech-Language Hearing Association, 2006, Vol. 15, pp 2–8
37.
go back to reference Garcia JM, Chambers E IV, Clark M, Helverson J, Matta Z: Nectar & Honey-thick Beverages Prepared by Health Care Providers. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Miami, FL, 2006 Garcia JM, Chambers E IV, Clark M, Helverson J, Matta Z: Nectar & Honey-thick Beverages Prepared by Health Care Providers. Poster session presented at the annual meeting of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Miami, FL, 2006
Metadata
Title
Serving Temperature Viscosity Measurements of Nectar- and Honey-Thick Liquids
Authors
Jane Mertz Garcia, PhD
Edgar Chambers IV, PhD
Ziad Matta, MA
Megan Clark, MS
Publication date
01-03-2008
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Dysphagia / Issue 1/2008
Print ISSN: 0179-051X
Electronic ISSN: 1432-0460
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00455-007-9098-z

Other articles of this Issue 1/2008

Dysphagia 1/2008 Go to the issue