Skip to main content
Top
Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2/2017

01-04-2017 | Original Article

Self-Management Strategies of Life, Positive Youth Development and Academic Buoyancy: a Causal Model

Authors: Farah Bakhshaee, Elahe Hejazi, Fariborz Dortaj, Valiollah Farzad

Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction | Issue 2/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Academic buoyancy is defined as the capacity to overcome challenges that are a part of everyday academic life. The present study sought to determine the relationship between self-management strategies of life and positive youth development with academic buoyancy. 400 female high school students completed self-management strategies of life, positive youth development, and academic buoyancy scales. Using structural equation analysis, positive youth development and self-management strategies were found to have a significant positive relationship on academic buoyancy. Self-management strategies of life indirectly positively influenced academic buoyancy through positive youth development. Therefore, positive youth development plays a mediatory role between self-management strategies and academic buoyancy. 54 % of the variance of academic buoyancy and 55 % of the variance of positive youth development are explained by the variables of positive youth development and self-management strategies, respectively.
Literature
go back to reference Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny. Selection optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. The American Psychologist, 52(4), 366–380.CrossRefPubMed Baltes, P. B. (1997). On the incomplete architecture of human ontogeny. Selection optimization, and compensation as foundation of developmental theory. The American Psychologist, 52(4), 366–380.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: the model of selective optimization with compensation. Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences, 1(1), 1–34.CrossRef Baltes, P. B., & Baltes, M. M. (1990). Psychological perspectives on successful aging: the model of selective optimization with compensation. Successful aging: Perspectives from the behavioral sciences, 1(1), 1–34.CrossRef
go back to reference Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. London, England: Macmillan. Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: the exercise of control. London, England: Macmillan.
go back to reference Boerner, K., & Jopp, D. (2007). Improvement/maintenance and reorientation as central features of coping with major life change and loss: contributions of three life-span theories. Human Development, 50, 171–195.CrossRef Boerner, K., & Jopp, D. (2007). Improvement/maintenance and reorientation as central features of coping with major life change and loss: contributions of three life-span theories. Human Development, 50, 171–195.CrossRef
go back to reference Bowers, E. P., Li, Y., Kiely, M. K., Brittian, A., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). The five Cs model of positive youth development: a longitudinal analysis of confirmatory factor structure and measurement invariance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(7), 720–735.CrossRef Bowers, E. P., Li, Y., Kiely, M. K., Brittian, A., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). The five Cs model of positive youth development: a longitudinal analysis of confirmatory factor structure and measurement invariance. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 39(7), 720–735.CrossRef
go back to reference Brandtstädter, J. (1998). Action perspectives on human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 807–863). New York: Wiley. Brandtstädter, J. (1998). Action perspectives on human development. In W. Damon & R. M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1. Theoretical models of human development (5th ed., pp. 807–863). New York: Wiley.
go back to reference Bundick, M. J., & Tirri, K. (2014). Student perceptions of teacher support and competencies for fostering youth purpose and positive youth development: perspectives from two countries. Applied Developmental Science, 18(3), 148–162.CrossRef Bundick, M. J., & Tirri, K. (2014). Student perceptions of teacher support and competencies for fostering youth purpose and positive youth development: perspectives from two countries. Applied Developmental Science, 18(3), 148–162.CrossRef
go back to reference Cappella, E., & Weinstein, R. S. (2001). Turning around reading achievement: predictors of high school students’ academic resilience. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 758–770.CrossRef Cappella, E., & Weinstein, R. S. (2001). Turning around reading achievement: predictors of high school students’ academic resilience. Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 758–770.CrossRef
go back to reference Colli, R. J., Martin, A. J., Malmberg, L. E., Hall, J., & Ginns, P. (2015). Academic buoyancy and lagged role of control: a cross- logged analysis of high schools students. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(1), 1–18. Colli, R. J., Martin, A. J., Malmberg, L. E., Hall, J., & Ginns, P. (2015). Academic buoyancy and lagged role of control: a cross- logged analysis of high schools students. The British Journal of Educational Psychology, 110(1), 1–18.
go back to reference Dehghanizadeh, M. H., & Husseinchari, M. (2012). Academic buoyancy perception of family connective model: the mediatory role of self-efficacy. Journal of Teaching & Learning Studies, 4(2), 21–47. Dehghanizadeh, M. H., & Husseinchari, M. (2012). Academic buoyancy perception of family connective model: the mediatory role of self-efficacy. Journal of Teaching & Learning Studies, 4(2), 21–47.
go back to reference Edwards, O., Mumford, V. E., & Serra-Roldan, R. (2007). A positive youth development model for students considered at-risk. School Psychology International, 28, 29–45.CrossRef Edwards, O., Mumford, V. E., & Serra-Roldan, R. (2007). A positive youth development model for students considered at-risk. School Psychology International, 28, 29–45.CrossRef
go back to reference Evans, A. B., Banerjee, M., Banerjee, M., Aldana, A., Foust, M., & Rowley, R. (2012). Racial socialization as a mechanism for positive development among African AmericanYouth. Child Development Perspectives, 6(3), 251–257.CrossRef Evans, A. B., Banerjee, M., Banerjee, M., Aldana, A., Foust, M., & Rowley, R. (2012). Racial socialization as a mechanism for positive development among African AmericanYouth. Child Development Perspectives, 6(3), 251–257.CrossRef
go back to reference Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). The adaptiveness of selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: evidence from a preference study on proverbs. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 57, 426–434.CrossRef Freund, A. M., & Baltes, P. B. (2002). The adaptiveness of selection, optimization, and compensation as strategies of life management: evidence from a preference study on proverbs. Journal of Gerontology: Psychological Sciences, 57, 426–434.CrossRef
go back to reference Gardner, T. W., Dishion, T. J., & Connel, A. M. (2008). Adolescent self-regulation as resilience: resistance to antisocial behavior within the deviant peer context. Journal of Academic buoyancynormal Child Psychology, 36(2), 273–284.CrossRef Gardner, T. W., Dishion, T. J., & Connel, A. M. (2008). Adolescent self-regulation as resilience: resistance to antisocial behavior within the deviant peer context. Journal of Academic buoyancynormal Child Psychology, 36(2), 273–284.CrossRef
go back to reference Geldhof, G. J., Stefansson, K., Johnson, S., Bowers, E. P., & Lerner, R. M. (2015). Selection, optimization, and compensation: the structure, reliability, and validity of forced-choice versus Likert-type measures in a sample of late adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(2), 171–185.CrossRef Geldhof, G. J., Stefansson, K., Johnson, S., Bowers, E. P., & Lerner, R. M. (2015). Selection, optimization, and compensation: the structure, reliability, and validity of forced-choice versus Likert-type measures in a sample of late adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30(2), 171–185.CrossRef
go back to reference Gestsdottir, S., & Lerner, R. M. (2007). Intentional self- regulation and positive youth development finding from 4-H study of positive youth development. Developmental Psychology, 43, 508–521.CrossRefPubMed Gestsdottir, S., & Lerner, R. M. (2007). Intentional self- regulation and positive youth development finding from 4-H study of positive youth development. Developmental Psychology, 43, 508–521.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Gestsdottir, S., & Lerner, R. M. (2008). Positive development in adolescence: the development and role of intentional self-regulation. Human Development, 51(3), 202–224.CrossRef Gestsdottir, S., & Lerner, R. M. (2008). Positive development in adolescence: the development and role of intentional self-regulation. Human Development, 51(3), 202–224.CrossRef
go back to reference Gestsdottir, S., Lewin-Bizan, S., von Eye, A., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2009). The structure and function of selection, optimization, and compensation in middle adolescence: theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 585–600.CrossRef Gestsdottir, S., Lewin-Bizan, S., von Eye, A., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2009). The structure and function of selection, optimization, and compensation in middle adolescence: theoretical and applied implications. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30, 585–600.CrossRef
go back to reference Gestsdottir, S., Bowers, E., von Eye, A., Napolitano, C. M., & Lerner, R. M. (2010). Intentional self-regulation in middle adolescence: the emerging role of loss-based selection in positive youth development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 3, 764–782.CrossRef Gestsdottir, S., Bowers, E., von Eye, A., Napolitano, C. M., & Lerner, R. M. (2010). Intentional self-regulation in middle adolescence: the emerging role of loss-based selection in positive youth development. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 3, 764–782.CrossRef
go back to reference Gestsdottir, S., Urban, J. B., Bowers, E. P., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). Intentional self-regulation, ecological assets, and thriving in adolescence: a developmental systems model. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 133, 61–76.CrossRef Gestsdottir, S., Urban, J. B., Bowers, E. P., Lerner, J. V., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). Intentional self-regulation, ecological assets, and thriving in adolescence: a developmental systems model. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 133, 61–76.CrossRef
go back to reference Huberty, T. H. (2012). Building resilience through prevention. In T. J. Huberty (Ed.), Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: assessment, intervention, and prevention (pp. 345–368). New York: Springer.CrossRef Huberty, T. H. (2012). Building resilience through prevention. In T. J. Huberty (Ed.), Anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: assessment, intervention, and prevention (pp. 345–368). New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Lerner, R. M. (2004). Liberty: thriving and civic engagement among America’s youth. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. Lerner, R. M. (2004). Liberty: thriving and civic engagement among America’s youth. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
go back to reference Lerner, R. M. (2005). Promoting positive youth development: theoretical and empirical bases. In White paper prepared for the workshop on the science of adolescent health and development, National Research Council Institute of medicine. Washington, D.C.: National Academies of Science. Lerner, R. M. (2005). Promoting positive youth development: theoretical and empirical bases. In White paper prepared for the workshop on the science of adolescent health and development, National Research Council Institute of medicine. Washington, D.C.: National Academies of Science.
go back to reference Lerner, R. M. (2011). Structure and process in relational developmental systems theories: a commentary on contemporary changes in the understanding of developmental change across the life span. Human Development, 54, 34–43.CrossRef Lerner, R. M. (2011). Structure and process in relational developmental systems theories: a commentary on contemporary changes in the understanding of developmental change across the life span. Human Development, 54, 34–43.CrossRef
go back to reference Lerner, R. M. (2013). Concepts and theories of human development (3th ed.). Psychology Press. Lerner, R. M. (2013). Concepts and theories of human development (3th ed.). Psychology Press.
go back to reference Lerner, R. M., Freund, A. M., De Stefanis, I., & Habermas, T. (2001). Understanding developmental regulation in adolescence: the use of the selection, optimization, and compensation model. Human Development, 44, 29–50.CrossRef Lerner, R. M., Freund, A. M., De Stefanis, I., & Habermas, T. (2001). Understanding developmental regulation in adolescence: the use of the selection, optimization, and compensation model. Human Development, 44, 29–50.CrossRef
go back to reference Lerner, R. M., Von Eye, A., V., L. J., & Lewin-Bizan, S. (2009). Exploring the foundations and functions of adolescent thriving within the 4-H study of positive youth development: a view of the issues. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(5), 567–570.CrossRef Lerner, R. M., Von Eye, A., V., L. J., & Lewin-Bizan, S. (2009). Exploring the foundations and functions of adolescent thriving within the 4-H study of positive youth development: a view of the issues. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(5), 567–570.CrossRef
go back to reference Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Bowers, E. P., Lewin-Bizan, S., Gestsdottir, S., & Urban, J. B. (2011). Self-regulation processes and thriving and in childhood and adolescence: a view of the issues. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 133, 1–9.CrossRef Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Bowers, E. P., Lewin-Bizan, S., Gestsdottir, S., & Urban, J. B. (2011). Self-regulation processes and thriving and in childhood and adolescence: a view of the issues. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 133, 1–9.CrossRef
go back to reference Lerner, R. M., Bowers, E. P., Geldhof, G. J., Gestsdottir, S., & DeSouza, L. (2012). Promoting positive youth development in the face of contextual changes and challenges: the roles of individual strengths and ecological assets. New Directions for Youth Development, 135, 119–128.CrossRef Lerner, R. M., Bowers, E. P., Geldhof, G. J., Gestsdottir, S., & DeSouza, L. (2012). Promoting positive youth development in the face of contextual changes and challenges: the roles of individual strengths and ecological assets. New Directions for Youth Development, 135, 119–128.CrossRef
go back to reference Lerner, R. M., Agans, K. L., Arbeit, R. M, Chase, P. A., Winer, M. B., Schmi, K. L., & Warren, A. E. (2013). Resilience and Positive Youth Development: A Relational Developmental Systems Model. Handbook of Resilience in Children (pp. 293–308). Springer US. Lerner, R. M., Agans, K. L., Arbeit, R. M, Chase, P. A., Winer, M. B., Schmi, K. L., & Warren, A. E. (2013). Resilience and Positive Youth Development: A Relational Developmental Systems Model. Handbook of Resilience in Children (pp. 293–308). Springer US.
go back to reference Martin, A. J. (2014). Academic buoyancy and academic outcomes: towards a further understanding of students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), students without ADHD, and academic buoyancy itself. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 24(1), 86–107.CrossRef Martin, A. J. (2014). Academic buoyancy and academic outcomes: towards a further understanding of students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), students without ADHD, and academic buoyancy itself. British Journal of Educational Psychology, 24(1), 86–107.CrossRef
go back to reference Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2008). Academic buoyancy: towards an understanding of students’ everyday academic resilience. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 53–83.CrossRefPubMed Martin, A. J., & Marsh, H. W. (2008). Academic buoyancy: towards an understanding of students’ everyday academic resilience. Journal of School Psychology, 46, 53–83.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Martin, A. J., Colmar, S. H., Davey, L. A., & Marsh, H. W. (2010). Longitudinal modeling of academic buoyancy and motivation: do the ‘5Cs’ hold up over time? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 473–496.CrossRefPubMed Martin, A. J., Colmar, S. H., Davey, L. A., & Marsh, H. W. (2010). Longitudinal modeling of academic buoyancy and motivation: do the ‘5Cs’ hold up over time? British Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 473–496.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Martin, A., Ginns, P., Papworth, B., & Ghasemi-Nejad, M. (2013). Aboriginal/indigenous students in high school: understanding their motivation, engagement, academic buoyancy, and achievement. In G. A. D. Liem & A. B. I. Bernardo (Eds.), Advancing cross-cultural perspectives on Educational Psychology: a festschrift for Dennis M. McInerney (pp. 273–294). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing. Martin, A., Ginns, P., Papworth, B., & Ghasemi-Nejad, M. (2013). Aboriginal/indigenous students in high school: understanding their motivation, engagement, academic buoyancy, and achievement. In G. A. D. Liem & A. B. I. Bernardo (Eds.), Advancing cross-cultural perspectives on Educational Psychology: a festschrift for Dennis M. McInerney (pp. 273–294). Charlotte, NC: Information Age Publishing.
go back to reference Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56, 227–238.CrossRefPubMed Masten, A. S. (2001). Ordinary magic: resilience processes in development. American Psychologist, 56, 227–238.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Masten, A. S. (2014). Invited commentary: resilience and positive youth development frameworks in developmental science. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1018–1024.CrossRefPubMed Masten, A. S. (2014). Invited commentary: resilience and positive youth development frameworks in developmental science. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 1018–1024.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Miller, S., Connolly, P., & Maguire, L. K. (2013). Wellbeing, academic buoyancy and educational achievement in primary school students. International Journal of Educational Research, 62, 239–248.CrossRef Miller, S., Connolly, P., & Maguire, L. K. (2013). Wellbeing, academic buoyancy and educational achievement in primary school students. International Journal of Educational Research, 62, 239–248.CrossRef
go back to reference Moore, J. (2013). Resilience and At-risk Children and Youth National Center for Homeless Education. Retrieved from www.serve.org/nche. Moore, J. (2013). Resilience and At-risk Children and Youth National Center for Homeless Education. Retrieved from www.serve.org/nche.
go back to reference Mueller, M. K., Phelps, E., Bowers, E. P., Agans, J., Urban, J. B., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). Youth development program participation and intentional self regulation skills: contextual and individual bases of pathways to positive youth development. Journal of Adolescence, 34(6), 1115–1126.CrossRefPubMed Mueller, M. K., Phelps, E., Bowers, E. P., Agans, J., Urban, J. B., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). Youth development program participation and intentional self regulation skills: contextual and individual bases of pathways to positive youth development. Journal of Adolescence, 34(6), 1115–1126.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Napolitano, C. M., Bowers, E. P., Gestsdottir, S. M., Depping, M., von Eye, A., Chase, P., & Lerner, J. V. (2011). The role of parenting and goal selection in positive youth development: a person-centered approach. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 1137–1149.CrossRefPubMed Napolitano, C. M., Bowers, E. P., Gestsdottir, S. M., Depping, M., von Eye, A., Chase, P., & Lerner, J. V. (2011). The role of parenting and goal selection in positive youth development: a person-centered approach. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 1137–1149.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Overton, W. F. (2010). Anxiety and depression in children issues. In W. F. Overton (Vol. Ed.), & R. M. Lerner (Ed.), the handbook of life-span development: Vol. 1. Cognition, biology, and methods across the lifespan. (1st ed., pp. 1–29). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley. Overton, W. F. (2010). Anxiety and depression in children issues. In W. F. Overton (Vol. Ed.), & R. M. Lerner (Ed.), the handbook of life-span development: Vol. 1. Cognition, biology, and methods across the lifespan. (1st ed., pp. 1–29). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
go back to reference Overton, W. F. (2013). A new paradigm for developmental science: Relationism and relational-developmental systems. Applied Developmental Science, 17, 94–107.CrossRef Overton, W. F. (2013). A new paradigm for developmental science: Relationism and relational-developmental systems. Applied Developmental Science, 17, 94–107.CrossRef
go back to reference Putwain, D. W., & Dally, A. L. (2013). Do clusters of test anxiety and academic buoyancy differentially predict academic performance? Learning and Individual Differences, 27, 157–162.CrossRef Putwain, D. W., & Dally, A. L. (2013). Do clusters of test anxiety and academic buoyancy differentially predict academic performance? Learning and Individual Differences, 27, 157–162.CrossRef
go back to reference Putwain, D. W., Connors, L., Symes, W., & Douglas-Osborn, E. (2012). Is academic buoyancy anything more than adaptive coping? Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal, 25, 349–358.CrossRef Putwain, D. W., Connors, L., Symes, W., & Douglas-Osborn, E. (2012). Is academic buoyancy anything more than adaptive coping? Anxiety, Stress and Coping: An International Journal, 25, 349–358.CrossRef
go back to reference Schmid, K. L., Phelps, E., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). Constructing positive futures: modeling the relationship between adolescents’ hopeful future expectations and intentional self regulation in predicting positive youth development. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 1127–1135.CrossRefPubMed Schmid, K. L., Phelps, E., & Lerner, R. M. (2011). Constructing positive futures: modeling the relationship between adolescents’ hopeful future expectations and intentional self regulation in predicting positive youth development. Journal of Adolescence, 34, 1127–1135.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Seligman, M. (2011). Building resilience. Harvard Business Review, 89(4),106–138. Seligman, M. (2011). Building resilience. Harvard Business Review, 89(4),106–138.
go back to reference Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: an introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14.CrossRefPubMed Seligman, M., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: an introduction. American Psychologist, 55(1), 5–14.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Smith, L. H., & Barker, E. (2009). Exploring youth development with diverse children: correlates of risk, health and thriving behaviors. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 14(1), 12–21.CrossRefPubMed Smith, L. H., & Barker, E. (2009). Exploring youth development with diverse children: correlates of risk, health and thriving behaviors. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 14(1), 12–21.CrossRefPubMed
go back to reference Snyder, C. R., & Lopez, S. (2007). Positive psychology: the scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Snyder, C. R., & Lopez, S. (2007). Positive psychology: the scientific and practical explorations of human strengths. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Staudinger, U. M., Marsiske, M., & Baltes, P. B. (1993). Resilience and levels of reserve capacity in later adulthood: perspectives from lifespan theory. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 541–566.CrossRef Staudinger, U. M., Marsiske, M., & Baltes, P. B. (1993). Resilience and levels of reserve capacity in later adulthood: perspectives from lifespan theory. Development and Psychopathology, 5, 541–566.CrossRef
go back to reference Steinberg, L. (2010). A behavioral scientist looks at the science of adolescent brain development. Brain and Cognition, 72(1):160–164. Steinberg, L. (2010). A behavioral scientist looks at the science of adolescent brain development. Brain and Cognition, 72(1):160–164.
go back to reference Truskauskaitė-Kunevičienė, I., Žukauskainė, R., & Kaniušonytė, G. (2014). Positive youth development links to satisfaction with life, resilience and internalizing and externalizing problems. Social Work Research Journal, 13(1), 98–109.CrossRef Truskauskaitė-Kunevičienė, I., Žukauskainė, R., & Kaniušonytė, G. (2014). Positive youth development links to satisfaction with life, resilience and internalizing and externalizing problems. Social Work Research Journal, 13(1), 98–109.CrossRef
go back to reference Wells, T. A., & Bantum, E. O. (2012). Social support, self-regulation, and resilience in two populations: general-population adolescents and adult cancer survivors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(6), 535–541.CrossRef Wells, T. A., & Bantum, E. O. (2012). Social support, self-regulation, and resilience in two populations: general-population adolescents and adult cancer survivors. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 31(6), 535–541.CrossRef
go back to reference Wright, M. O., Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2013). Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity. In S. Goldestien & B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children. (pp. 15–37). New York: Springer + Business Media..CrossRef Wright, M. O., Masten, A. S., & Narayan, A. J. (2013). Resilience Processes in Development: Four Waves of Research on Positive Adaptation in the Context of Adversity. In S. Goldestien & B. Brooks (Eds.), Handbook of resilience in children. (pp. 15–37). New York: Springer + Business Media..CrossRef
go back to reference Zelazo, P. D. (2013). Developmental psychology: a new synthesis. In P. D. Zelazo (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology: body and mind (Vol. 1, pp. 3–12). New York: Oxford University Press. Zelazo, P. D. (2013). Developmental psychology: a new synthesis. In P. D. Zelazo (Ed.), The Oxford handbook of developmental psychology: body and mind (Vol. 1, pp. 3–12). New York: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Zimmerman, S., Phelps, E., & Lerner, R. M. (2008). Positive and negative developmental trajectories in U.S. adolescents: where the PYD perspective meets the deficit model. Research in Human Development, 5, 153–167.CrossRef Zimmerman, S., Phelps, E., & Lerner, R. M. (2008). Positive and negative developmental trajectories in U.S. adolescents: where the PYD perspective meets the deficit model. Research in Human Development, 5, 153–167.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Self-Management Strategies of Life, Positive Youth Development and Academic Buoyancy: a Causal Model
Authors
Farah Bakhshaee
Elahe Hejazi
Fariborz Dortaj
Valiollah Farzad
Publication date
01-04-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction / Issue 2/2017
Print ISSN: 1557-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1882
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-016-9707-x

Other articles of this Issue 2/2017

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2/2017 Go to the issue