Top

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2020 | SARS-CoV-2 | Review

Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to COVID-19 infection

Authors: Jose R. Navas-Blanco, Roman Dudaryk

Published in: BMC Anesthesiology | Issue 1/2020

Abstract

The management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) secondary to the novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) proves to be challenging and controversial. Multiple studies have suggested the likelihood of an atypical pathophysiology to explain the spectrum of pulmonary and systemic manifestations caused by the virus. The principal paradox of COVID-19 pneumonia is the presence of severe hypoxemia with preserved pulmonary mechanics. Data derived from the experience of multiple centers around the world have demonstrated that initial clinical efforts should be focused into avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation in hypoxemic COVID-19 patients. On the other hand, COVID-19 patients progressing or presenting into frank ARDS with typical decreased pulmonary compliance, represents another clinical enigma to many clinicians, since routine therapeutic interventions for ARDS are still a subject of debate.

Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it. Accessed on June 19, 2020.

Coronavirus disease (COVID-2019) situation reports. Available at: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/situation-reports. Accessed 15 July 2020.

Xu Z, Shi L, Wang Y, Zhang J, Huang L, Zhang C, et al. Pathological findings of COVID-19 associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(4):420–2. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30076-X.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Xie J, Tong Z, Guan X, Du B, Qiu H. Clinical characteristics of patients who died of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. JAMA Netw Open. 2020;3(4):e205619. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.5619.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gattinoni L, Coppola S, Cressoni M, Busana M, Rossi S, Chiumello D. Covid-19 does not Lead to a "typical" acute respiratory distress syndrome. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020 May;201(10):1299–300. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202003-0817LE.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Caironi P, Busana M, Romitti F, Brazzi L, et al. COVID-19 pneumonia: different respiratory treatments for different phenotypes? Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(6):1099–102. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06033-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Gattinoni L, Chiumello D, Rossi S. COVID-19 pneumonia: ARDS or not? Critical care (London, England). 2020;24(1):154. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-020-02880-z.CrossRef

Marini JJ, Gattinoni L. Management of COVID-19 respiratory distress. JAMA. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.6825.

Ziehr DR, Alladina J, Petri CR, Maley JH, Moskowitz A, Medoff BD, et al. Respiratory pathophysiology of mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19: a cohort study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(12):1560–4. https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202004-1163LE.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

10.

Ye Q, Wang B, Mao J. The pathogenesis and treatment of the `cytokine Storm' in COVID-19. J Inf Secur. 2020;80(6):607–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2020.03.037.CrossRef

11.

Mehta P, McAuley DF, Brown M, Sanchez E, Tattersall RS, Manson JJ. COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression. Lancet. 2020;395(10229):1033–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30628-0.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

12.

Zhou F, Yu T, Du R, Fan G, Liu Y, Liu Z, et al. Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study. Lancet (London, England). 2020;395(10229):1054–62.CrossRef

13.

Han H, Yang L, Liu R, Liu F, Wu KL, Li J, et al. Prominent changes in blood coagulation of patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2020;58(7):1116–20. https://doi.org/10.1515/cclm-2020-0188.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Spiezia L, Boscolo A, Poletto F, Cerruti L, Tiberio I, Campello E, et al. COVID-19-related severe hypercoagulability in patients admitted to intensive care unit for acute respiratory failure. Thromb Haemost. 2020;120(6):998–1000. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710018.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

15.

Bhatraju PK, Ghassemieh BJ, Nichols M, Kim R, Jerome KR, Nalla AK, et al. Covid-19 in critically ill patients in the Seattle region - case series. N Engl J Med. 2020;382(21):2012–22. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2004500.CrossRefPubMed

16.

Arentz M, Yim E, Klaff L, Lokhandwala S, Riedo FX, Chong M, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of 21 critically ill patients with COVID-19 in Washington state. JAMA. 2020;323(16):1612–4. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.4326.CrossRefPubMedCentralPubMed

17.

Wang D, Hu B, Hu C, Zhu F, Liu X, Zhang J, et al. Clinical characteristics of 138 hospitalized patients with 2019 novel coronavirus-infected pneumonia in Wuhan, China. JAMA. 2020;323(11):1061–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.1585.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Rationale for Prolonged Corticosteroid Treatment in the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019. Available at: https://journalslww.com/ccejournal/fulltext/2020/04000/rationale_for_prolonged_corticosteroid_treatment18aspx. Accessed in April 20, 2020.

19.

Guan WJ, Ni ZY, Hu Y, Liang WH, Ou CQ, He JX, et al. Clinical characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 in China. N Engl J Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2002032.

20.

Young BE, Ong SWX, Kalimuddin S, Low JG, Tan SY, Loh J, et al. Epidemiologic features and clinical course of patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in Singapore. JAMA. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2020.3204.

21.

Ruan Q, Yang K, Wang W, Jiang L, Song J. Clinical predictors of mortality due to COVID-19 based on an analysis of data of 150 patients from Wuhan, China. Intensive Care Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-06028-z.

22.

Tang N, Li D, Wang X, Sun Z. Abnormal coagulation parameters are associated with poor prognosis in patients with novel coronavirus pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2020;18(4):844–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

23.

Ding Q, Lu P, Fan Y, Xia Y, Liu M. The clinical characteristics of pneumonia patients coinfected with 2019 novel coronavirus and influenza virus in Wuhan, China. J Med Virol. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25781.

24.

Shi H, Han X, Jiang N, Cao Y, Alwalid O, Gu J, et al. Radiological findings from 81 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a descriptive study. Lancet Infect Dis. 2020;20(4):425–34.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

25.

Ai T, Yang Z, Hou H, Zhan C, Chen C, Lv W, et al. Correlation of chest CT and RT-PCR testing in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China: a report of 1014 cases. Radiology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200642.

26.

Kanne JP, Little BP, Chung JH, Elicker BM, Ketai LH. Essentials for radiologists on COVID-19: an update-radiology scientific expert panel. Radiology. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2020200527.

27.

Zhou S, Zhu T, Wang Y, Xia L. Imaging features and evolution on CT in 100 COVID-19 pneumonia patients in Wuhan, China. Eur Radiol. 2020:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-020-06879-6.

28.

Peng QY, Wang XT, Zhang LN. Findings of lung ultrasonography of novel corona virus pneumonia during the 2019-2020 epidemic. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(5):849–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-020-05996-6.CrossRefPubMed

29.

Alhazzani W, Moller MH, Arabi YM, Loeb M, Gong MN, Fan E, et al. Surviving Sepsis campaign: guidelines on the management of critically ill adults with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Crit Care Med. 2020;48(6):e440–69. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000004363.CrossRefPubMed

30.

The Australian and New Zealand Intensive Care Society COVID-19 Guidelines. Available at: https://www.anzicscom.au/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/ANZICS-COVID-19-Guidelines-Version-1pdf. Access on June 17, 2020.

31.

Ferioli M, Cisternino C, Leo V, Pisani L, Palange P, Nava S. Protecting healthcare workers from SARS-CoV-2 infection: practical indications. Eur Respir Rev. 2020;29(155):200068. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0068-2020.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

32.

Management of COVID-19 Respiratory Distress. Available at: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2765302. Accessed on June 16, 2020.

33.

Li J, Fink JB, Ehrmann S. High-flow nasal cannula for COVID-19 patients: low risk of bio-aerosol dispersion. Eur Respir J. 2020;55(5):2000892. https://doi.org/10.1183/13993003.00892-2020.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

34.

Sun Q, Qiu H, Huang M, Yang Y. Lower mortality of COVID-19 by early recognition and intervention: experience from Jiangsu Province. Ann Intensive Care. 2020;10(1):33. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13613-020-00650-2.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

35.

Yang X, Yu Y, Xu J, Shu H, Xia J, Liu H, et al. Clinical course and outcomes of critically ill patients with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia in Wuhan, China: a single-centered, retrospective, observational study. Lancet Respir Med. 2020;8(5):475–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(20)30079-5.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

36.

Lucchini A, Giani M, Isgro S, Rona R, Foti G. The “helmet bundle” in COVID-19 patients undergoing non invasive ventilation. Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 2020;58:102859. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iccn.2020.102859.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

37.

Spinelli E, Mauri T, Beitler JR, Pesenti A, Brodie D. Respiratory drive in the acute respiratory distress syndrome: pathophysiology, monitoring, and therapeutic interventions. Intensive Care Med. 2020;46(4):606–18.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

38.

Brower RG, Matthay MA, Morris A, Schoenfeld D, Thompson BT, Wheeler A. Ventilation with lower tidal volumes as compared with traditional tidal volumes for acute lung injury and the acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2000;342(18):1301–8.CrossRefPubMed

39.

Pan C, Chen L, Lu C, Zhang W, Xia JA, Sklar MC, et al. Lung Recruitability in COVID-19-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome: a single-center observational study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2020;201(10):1294–7.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

40.

Lim J, Litton E. Airway pressure release ventilation in adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care Med. 2019;47(12):1794–9.CrossRefPubMed

41.

Guerin C, Reignier J, Richard JC, Beuret P, Gacouin A, Boulain T, et al. Prone positioning in severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(23):2159–68.CrossRefPubMed

42.

Papazian L, Forel JM, Gacouin A, Penot-Ragon C, Perrin G, Loundou A, et al. Neuromuscular blockers in early acute respiratory distress syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2010;363(12):1107–16.CrossRefPubMed

43.

Randomised Evaluation of COVID-19 Therapy. https://www.recoverytrial.net/results. Accessed on June 19, 2020.

44.

Cherian SV, Kumar A, Akasapu K, Ashton RW, Aparnath M, Malhotra A. Salvage therapies for refractory hypoxemia in ARDS. Respir Med. 2018;141:150–8.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

45.

Alvarez RA, Berra L, Gladwin MT. Home NO Therapy for COVID-19. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020. doi: https://doi.org/10.1164/rccm.202005-1906ED.

46.

Akerstrom S, Mousavi-Jazi M, Klingstrom J, Leijon M, Lundkvist A, Mirazimi A. Nitric oxide inhibits the replication cycle of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus. J Virol. 2005;79(3):1966–9. https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.79.3.1966-1969.2005.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

47.

Gattinoni L, Vasques F, Quintel M. Use of ECMO in ARDS: does the EOLIA trial really help? Crit Care. 2018;22(1):171.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

48.

Goligher EC, Tomlinson G, Hajage D, Wijeysundera DN, Fan E, Juni P, et al. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome and posterior probability of mortality benefit in a post hoc Bayesian analysis of a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;320(21):2251–9.CrossRefPubMed

49.

Bartlett RH, Ogino MT, Brodie D, McMullan DM, Lorusso R, MacLaren G, et al. Initial ELSO guidance document: ECMO for COVID-19 patients with severe cardiopulmonary failure. ASAIO J. 2020;66(5):472–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/MAT.0000000000001173.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Title: Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to COVID-19 infection
Authors: Jose R. Navas-Blanco
Roman Dudaryk
Publication date: 01-12-2020
Publisher: BioMed Central
Keywords: SARS-CoV-2
Hypoxemia
Pneumonia
Acute Respiratory Distress-Syndrome
COVID-19
Non-Invasive Ventilation
ECMO
ECMO
Published in: BMC Anesthesiology / Issue 1/2020
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2253
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12871-020-01095-7

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Management of Respiratory Distress Syndrome due to COVID-19 infection

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2020

Comparison of ED95 of Butorphanol and Sufentanil for gastrointestinal endoscopy sedation: a randomized controlled trial

Correction to: Effects of different sufentanil target concentrations on the MACBAR of sevoflurane in patients with carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum stimulus

Prospective randomized comparison of cerebrospinal fluid aspiration and conventional popping methods using 27-gauge spinal needles in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia

Effects of combined warmed preoperative forced-air and warmed perioperative intravenous fluids on maternal temperature during cesarean section: a prospective, randomized, controlled clinical trial

Pain management after ambulatory surgery: a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded parallel controlled trial comparing nalbuphine and tramadol

Comparison of two Norepinephrine rescue bolus for Management of Post-spinal Hypotension during Cesarean Delivery: a randomized controlled trial