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01-03-2020 | Salpingectomy

Cognitive load and performance in immersive virtual reality versus conventional virtual reality simulation training of laparoscopic surgery: a randomized trial

Authors: Joakim Grant Frederiksen, Stine Maya Dreier Sørensen, Lars Konge, Morten Bo Søndergaard Svendsen, Morten Nobel-Jørgensen, Flemming Bjerrum, Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen

Published in: Surgical Endoscopy | Issue 3/2020

Abstract

Background

Virtual reality simulators combined with head-mounted displays enable highly immersive virtual reality (VR) for surgical skills training, potentially bridging the gap between the simulation environment and real-life operating room conditions. However, the increased complexity of the learning situation in immersive VR could potentially induce high cognitive load thereby inhibiting performance and learning. This study aims to compare cognitive load and performance in immersive VR and conventional VR simulation training.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial of residents (n = 31) performing laparoscopic salpingectomies with an ectopic pregnancy in either immersive VR or conventional VR simulation. Cognitive load was estimated by secondary-task reaction time at baseline, and during nonstressor and stressor phases of the procedure. Simulator metrics were used to evaluate performance.

Results

Cognitive load was increased by 66% and 58% during immersive VR and conventional VR simulation, respectively (p < 0.001), compared to baseline. A light stressor induced a further increase in cognitive load by 15.2% and a severe stressor by 43.1% in the immersive VR group compared to 23% (severe stressor) in the conventional VR group. Immersive VR also caused a significantly worse performance on most simulator metrics.

Conclusion

Immersive VR simulation training induces a higher cognitive load and results in a poorer performance than conventional VR simulation training in laparoscopy. High extraneous load and element interactivity in the immersive VR are suggested as mechanisms explaining this finding. However, immersive VR offers some potential advantages over conventional VR such as more real-life conditions but we only recommend introducing immersive VR in surgical skills training after initial training in conventional VR.

Videos as online content: https://youtu.be/-PJKZJz6cc0 (calm phase), https://youtu.be/COtp3x0MWoI (light stressor), https://youtu.be/LqNV8euKTxM (severe stressor), https://youtu.be/TEAdtLBbixE (full procedure).

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Title: Cognitive load and performance in immersive virtual reality versus conventional virtual reality simulation training of laparoscopic surgery: a randomized trial
Authors: Joakim Grant Frederiksen
Stine Maya Dreier Sørensen
Lars Konge
Morten Bo Søndergaard Svendsen
Morten Nobel-Jørgensen
Flemming Bjerrum
Steven Arild Wuyts Andersen
Publication date: 01-03-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Keyword: Salpingectomy
Published in: Surgical Endoscopy / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 0930-2794
Electronic ISSN: 1432-2218
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00464-019-06887-8

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Cognitive load and performance in immersive virtual reality versus conventional virtual reality simulation training of laparoscopic surgery: a randomized trial

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

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