Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction
Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 4/2016

01-08-2016

rTMS for the Treatment of Depression: a Comprehensive Review of Effective Protocols on Right DLPFC

Authors: Ali Yadollahpour, Seyed Ahmad Hosseini, Ahmad Shakeri

Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction | Issue 4/2016

Login to get access

Abstract

Major depressive disorders (MDDs) are the most common and debilitating diseases worldwide. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has been widely used as an alternative or adjunctive treatment for different types of depression disorders, including drug-resistant major depressions. Despite controversial findings on the therapeutic outcomes of this technique, the general consent is developing this technique as an alternative treatment for depression disorders. Notwithstanding one protocol of rTMS has been approved by FDA for the acute treatment of major depression, studies are ongoing for finding more efficient protocols. This study aimed to comprehensively overview the effective rTMS protocols applied on left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex DLPFC for MDDs. The databases of PubMed (1985–2015), Web of Sciences (1985–2015), and Google Scholar (1980–2015) were searched using the set terms. The obtained results were screened for the relevant contents by two authors, and the appropriate studies were selected for further review. The most widely used protocols for depression are 1Hz for right and 10Hz for left DLPFC. In addition, the main parameters of these protocols and the main neurophysiological mechanisms of two common frequencies of 1 and 10 Hz are summarized. Different protocols of rTMS, particularly low versus high frequencies, result in significantly different electrophysiological and neurocognitive changes in the subject. Low frequency rTMS modulates frontal alpha power asymmetry and high frequency protocols influence more broader regions and wider electrophysiological characteristics of the brain.
Literature
Aarre, T. F., Dahl, A. A., Johansen, J. B., Kjonniksen, I., & Neckelmann, D. (2003). Efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: a review of the evidence. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 57(3), 227–232.CrossRefPubMed
Aguirre, I., Carretero, B., Ibarra, O., Kuhalainen, J., Martínez, J., Ferrer, A., Salva, J., Roca, M., Gili, M., Montoya, P., & Garcia-Toro, M. (2011). Age predicts low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation efficacy in major depression. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130(3), 466–469.CrossRefPubMed
Ali, Y., & Mahmud, N. A. (2014). Neurofeedback treatments for depression disorders: review of current advances. Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 7(3), 443–452.
Allen, J. J., Urry, H. L., Hitt, S. K., & Coan, J. A. (2004). The stability of resting frontal electroencephalographic asymmetry in depression. Psychophysiology, 41(2), 269–280.CrossRefPubMed
American Psychiatric Association. (2001). Work group on borderline personality disorder. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with borderline personality disorder.
Barker, A. T., Freeston, I. L., Jalinous, R., & Jarratt, J. A. (1987). Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: an introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation. Neurosurgery, 20(1), 100–109.CrossRefPubMed
Berlim, M. T., McGirr, A., Beaulieu, M. M., & Turecki, G. (2011). High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as an augmenting strategy in severe treatment-resistant major depression: a prospective 4-week naturalistic trial. Journal of Affective Disorders, 130(1–2), 312–317.CrossRefPubMed
Berman, R. M., Narasimhan, M., Sanacora, G., Miano, A. P., Hoffman, R. E., Hu, X. S., Charney, D. S., & Boutros, N. N. (2000). A randomized clinical trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depression. Biological Psychiatry, 47(4), 332–337.CrossRefPubMed
Chistyakov, A. V., Kaplan, B., Rubichek, O., Kreinin, I., Koren, D., Hafner, H., Feinsod, M., & Klein, E. (2005a). Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on cortical excitability in patients with major depression: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Clinical Neurophysiology, 116(2), 386–392.CrossRefPubMed
Chistyakov, A. V., Kaplan, B., Rubichek, O., Kreinin, I., Koren, D., Feinsod, M., & Klein, E. (2005b). Antidepressant effects of different schedules of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation vs. clomipramine in patients with major depression: relationship to changes in cortical excitability. The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology, 8(2), 223–233.CrossRefPubMed
Cooke, R. G. (2003). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for depression. Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience, 28(5), 400.
Cordes, J., Mobascher, A., Arends, M., Agelink, M. W., & Klimke, A. (2005). A new method for the treatment of depression: repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift, 130(14), 889–892.CrossRefPubMed
Deslandes, A. C., de Moraes, H., Pompeu, F. A., Ribeiro, P., Cagy, M., Capitão, C., Alves, H., Piedade, R. A., & Laks, J. (2008). Electroencephalographic frontal asymmetry and depressive symptoms in the elderly. Biological Psychology, 79(3), 317–322.CrossRefPubMed
Drevets, W. C., Frank, E., Price, J. C., Kupfer, D. J., Holt, D., Greer, P. J., Huang, Y., Gautier, C., & Mathis, C. (1999). PET imaging of serotonin 1A receptor binding in depression. Biological Psychiatry, 46(10), 1375–1387.CrossRefPubMed
Eche, J., Mondino, M., Haesebaert, F., Saoud, M., Poulet, E., & Brunelin, J. (2012). Low- vs high-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as an add-on treatment for refractory depression. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 3, 13.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Eschweiler, G. W., Wegerer, C., Schlotter, W., Spandl, C., Stevens, A., Bartels, M., & Buchkremer, G. (2000). Left prefrontal activation predicts therapeutic effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression. Psychiatry Research, 99(3), 161–172.CrossRefPubMed
Fava, M., & Davidson, K. G. (1996). Definition and epidemiology of treatment-resistant depression. Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 19(2), 179–200.CrossRefPubMed
Fitzgerald, P., Brown, T., Marston, N., Daskalakis, Z., & Kulkarni, J. (2003a). A double-blind placebo controlled trial of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(10), 1002–1008.PubMed
Fitzgerald, P. B., Brown, T. L., Marston, N. A., Daskalakis, Z. J., De Castella, A., & Kulkarni, J. (2003b). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Archives of General Psychiatry, 60(10), 1002–1008.PubMed
Fitzgerald, P. B., Hoy, K., Daskalakis, Z. J., & Kulkarni, J. (2009). A randomized trial of the anti-depressant effects of low-and high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depression. Depression and Anxiety, 26(3), 229–234.CrossRefPubMed
Fountoulakis, K. N., Giannakopoulos, P., Kövari, E., & Bouras, C. (2008). Assessing the role of cingulate cortex in bipolar disorder: neuropathological, structural and functional imaging data. Brain Research Reviews, 59(1), 9–21.CrossRefPubMed
Fukuda, M., Uehara, T., Ida, I., & Mikuni, M. (2003). Establishing biological markers for diagnosis and treatment of depression: possible availability of PET, NIRS, and DST. Nihon Rinsho, 61(9), 1667–1682.PubMed
George, M. S., Avery, D., Nahas, Z., Molloy, M., Oliver, N. C., Risch, S. C., & Arana, G. W. (1999). rTMS studies of mood and emotion. Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology, 51, 304–314.
Gershon, A. A., Dannon, P. N., & Grunhaus, L. (2003). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(5), 835–845.CrossRefPubMed
Gordon, E., Palmer, D. M., & Cooper, N. (2010). EEG alpha asymmetry in schizophrenia, depression, PTSD, panic disorder, ADHD and conduct disorder. Clinical EEG and Neuroscience, 41(4), 178–183.CrossRefPubMed
Grunhaus, L., Dannon, P. N., Schreiber, S., Dolberg, O. H., Amiaz, R., Ziv, R., & Lefkifker, E. (2000). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is as effective as electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of nondelusional major depressive disorder: an open study. Biological Psychiatry, 47(4), 314–324.CrossRefPubMed
Hallett, M. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and the human brain. Nature, 406(6792), 147–150.CrossRefPubMed
Hoffman, R. E., & Cavus, I. (2002). Slow transcranial magnetic stimulation, long-term depotentiation, and brain hyperexcitability disorders. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 159(7), 1093–1102.CrossRefPubMed
Hoogendam, J. M., Ramakers, G. M., & Di Lazzaro, V. (2010). Physiology of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain. Brain Stimulation, 3(2), 95–118.CrossRefPubMed
Höppner, J., Schulz, M., Irmisch, G., Mau, R., Schläfke, D., & Richter, J. (2003). Antidepressant efficacy of two different rTMS procedures. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 253(2), 103–109.PubMed
Höppner, J., Berger, C., Walter, U., Padberg, F., Buchmann, J., Herwig, U., & Domes, G. (2010). Influence of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on special symptoms in depressed patients. Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience, 28(4), 577–586.PubMed
Höppner, J., Broese, T., Wendler, L., Berger, C., & Thome, J. (2011). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment of alcohol dependence. World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 12(1), 57–62.CrossRefPubMed
Howland, R. H., Shutt, L. S., Berman, S. R., Spotts, C. R., & Denko, T. (2011). The emerging use of technology for the treatment of depression and other neuropsychiatric disorders. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 23(1), 48–62.PubMed
Isenberg, K., Downs, D., Pierce, K., Svarakic, D., Garcia, K., Jarvis, M., North, C., & Kormos, T. C. (2005). Low frequency rTMS stimulation of the right frontal cortex is as effective as high frequency rTMS stimulation of the left frontal cortex for antidepressant-free, treatment-resistant depressed patients. Annals of Clinical Psychiatry, 17(3), 153–159.CrossRefPubMed
Januel, D., Dumortier, G., Verdon, C. M., Stamatiadis, L., Saba, G., Cabaret, W., Benadhira, R., Rocamora, J. F., Braha, S., Kalalou, K., & Vicaut, P. E. (2006). A double-blind sham controlled study of right prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): therapeutic and cognitive effect in medication free unipolar depression during 4 weeks. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry, 30(1), 126–130.CrossRef
Jaracz, J., & Rybakowski, J. (2002). Studies of cerebral blood flow in metabolism in depression using positron emission tomography (PET). Psychiatria Polska, 36(4), 617–628.PubMed
Kauffmann, C. D., Cheema, M. A., & Miller, B. E. (2004). Slow right prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment for medication-resistant depression: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Depression and Anxiety, 19(1), 59–62.CrossRefPubMed
Kazdin, A. E. (2000). Encyclopedia of psychology. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.
Kim, E. J., Kim, W. R., Chi, S. E., Lee, K. H., Park, E. H., Chae, J. H., Park, S. K., Kim, H. T., & Choi, J. S. (2006). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation protects hippocampal plasticity in an animal model of depression. Neuroscience Letters, 1–2, 79–83.CrossRef
Klein, E., Kreinin, I., Chistyakov, A., Koren, D., Mecz, L., Marmur, S., Ben-Shachar, D., & Feinsod, M. (1999). Therapeutic efficacy of right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: a double-blind controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 56(4), 315–320.CrossRefPubMed
Kling, A. S., Metter, E. J., Riege, W. H., & Kuhl, D. E. (1986). Comparison of PET measurement of local brain glucose metabolism and CAT measurement of brain atrophy in chronic schizophrenia and depression. American Journal of Psychiatry, 143(2), 175–180.CrossRefPubMed
Knotkova, H., Rosedale, M., Strauss, S. M., Horne, J., Soto, E., Cruciani, R. A., Malaspina, D., & Malamud, D. (2012). Using transcranial direct current stimulation to treat depression in HIV-infected persons: the outcomes of a feasibility study. Frontiers in Psychology, 3, 59.
Knott, V., Mahoney, C., Kennedy, S., & Evans, K. (2011). EEG power, frequency, asymmetry and coherence in male depression. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 106(2), 123–140.CrossRef
Kobayashi, M., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2003). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neurology. Lancet Neurology, 2(3), 145–156.CrossRefPubMed
Lepine, J.P., & Briley, M. (2011). The increasing burden of depression. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 7(Suppl 1):3–7.
Leuchter, A. F., Cook, I. A., Jin, Y., & Phillips, B. (2013). The relationship between brain oscillatory activity and therapeutic effectiveness of transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depressive disorder. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 7.
Lisanby, S., Pascual-Leone, A., Sampson, S., Boylan, L., Burt, T., & Sackeim, H. (2001). Augmentation of sertraline antidepressant treatment with transcranial magnetic stimulation. Biological Psychiatry. New York: Elsevier Science Inc.
Loo, C., Katalinic, N., Mitchell, P. B., & Greenberg, B. (2011). Physical treatments for bipolar disorder: a review of electroconvulsive therapy, stereotactic surgery and other brain stimulation techniques. Journal of Affective Disorders, 132(1–2), 1–13.CrossRefPubMed
Maeda, F., Keenan, J. P., Tormos, J. M., Topka, H., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2000). Modulation of corticospinal excitability by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation. Clinical Neurophysiology, 111(5), 800–805.CrossRefPubMed
Marcus, M., Van Ommeren, M., Chisholm, D., & Saxena, S. (2012). WHO Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse, 1, 6–8 Perth.
McDonald, W. M., Durkalski, V., Ball, E. R., Holtzheimer, P. E., Pavlicova, M., Lisanby, S. H., Avery, D., Anderson, B. S., Nahas, Z., Zarkowski, P., & Sackeim, H. A. (2011). Improving the antidepressant efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation: maximizing the number of stimulations and treatment location in treatment-resistant depression. Depression and Anxiety, 28(11), 973–980.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Mostafa, J., Ali, Y., Zohre, R., & Samaneh, R. (2015). Electromagnetic fields and ultrasound waves in wound treatment: a comparative review of therapeutic outcomes. Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 12, 185–195.CrossRef
Norouzi, J., Yadollahpour, A., Mirbagheri, S. A., Mazdeh, M. M., & Hosseini, S. A. (2016). Predicting renal failure progression in chronic kidney disease using integrated intelligent fuzzy expert system.
Pallanti, S., Bernardi, S., Di Rollo, A., Antonini, S., & Quercioli, L. (2010). Unilateral low frequency versus sequential bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: is simpler better for treatment of resistant depression? Neuroscience, 167(2), 323–328.CrossRefPubMed
Parikh, S. V., & Lam, R. W. (2001). Clinical guidelines for the treatment of depressive disorders, I. Definitions, prevalence, and health burden. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 46, 13S–20S.PubMed
Sparing, R., & Mottaghy, F. M. (2008). Noninvasive brain stimulation with transcranial magnetic or direct current stimulation (TMS/tDCS)-From insights into human memory to therapy of its dysfunction. Methods, 44(4), 329–337.CrossRefPubMed
Speer, A. M., Kimbrell, T. A., Wassermann, E. M., Repella, J. D., Willis, M. W., Herscovitch, P., & Post, R. M. (2000). Opposite effects of high and low frequency rTMS on regional brain activity in depressed patients. Biological Psychiatry, 48(12), 1133–1141.CrossRefPubMed
Stern, W. M., Tormos, J. M., Press, D. Z., Pearlman, C., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). Antidepressant effects of high and low frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, 19(2), 179–186.CrossRef
Valiulis, V., Gerulskis, G., Dapsys, K., Vistartaite, G., Siurkute, A., & Maciulis, V. (2012). Electrophysiological differences between high and low frequency rTMS protocols in depression treatment. Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis (Wars), 72, 283–295.
Wagner, T., Valero-Cabre, A., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2007). Noninvasive human brain stimulation. Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering, 9, 527–565.CrossRefPubMed
Wassermann, E. M., & Lisanby, S. H. (2001). Therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: a review. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(8), 1367–1377.CrossRefPubMed
Yadollahpour, A. (2014). Applications of expert systems in management of chronic kidney disease: a review of predicting techniques. Oriental Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 7(2), 306–315.
Yadollahpour, A., & Rashidi, S. (2014a). A review of electromagnetic field based treatments for different bone fractures. Biosciences, Biotechnology Research Asia, 11(2), 611–620.CrossRef
Yadollahpour, A., & Rashidi, S. (2014b). Therapeutic applications of electromagnetic fields in musculoskeletal disorders: a review of current techniques and mechanisms of action. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 7(1), 23–32.CrossRef
Yadollahpour, A., & Rezaee, Z. (2014). Electroporation as a New cancer treatment technique: a review on the mechanisms of action. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, 7(1), 53–62.CrossRef
Yadollahpour, A., Firouzabadi, S. M., Shahpari, M., & Mirnajafi-Zadeh, J. (2014a). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation decreases the kindling induced synaptic potentiation: effects of frequency and coil shape. Epilepsy Research, 108(2), 190–201.CrossRefPubMed
Yadollahpour, A., Rashidi, S., & Ghotbeddin, Z. (2014b). Electromagnetic fields for the treatments of wastewater: a review of applications and future opportunities. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 8(5), 3711–3719.
Zohre, R., Ali, Y., Mostafa, J., & Samaneh, R. (2015). Nondrug antimicrobial techniques: electromagnetic fields and photodynamic therapy. Biomedical & Pharmacology Journal, 8, 147–155.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
rTMS for the Treatment of Depression: a Comprehensive Review of Effective Protocols on Right DLPFC
Authors
Ali Yadollahpour
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini
Ahmad Shakeri
Publication date
01-08-2016
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction / Issue 4/2016
Print ISSN: 1557-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1882
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-016-9669-z

Other articles of this Issue 4/2016

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 4/2016 Go to the issue

OriginalPaper

Video Game Addiction, Engagement and Symptoms of Stress, Depression and Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Coping

OriginalPaper

Cognitive and Psychosocial Health Risk Factors of Social Networking Addiction

OriginalPaper

The Interaction of Gambling Outcome and Gambling Harm-Minimisation Strategies for Electronic Gambling: the Efficacy of Computer Generated Self-Appraisal Messaging

OriginalPaper

Underlying Mechanisms and Trajectory of Comorbid ADHD and Eating Disorders: Proposing an Innovative Systems Framework for Informing Research

OriginalPaper

Predicting Outcome in Public Addiction Services Using Data Collected During Routinely Assessment Procedures

OriginalPaper

The Experiences of Parents Providing Support to Adult Children with Schizophrenia