Top

Published in:

01-01-2017 | Original Article

Risk Factors for Women’s Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: An Examination from the Perspective of the Schema Therapy Model

Authors: Nermin Taşkale, Gonca Soygüt

Published in: Journal of Family Violence | Issue 1/2017

Abstract

This study attempted to examine risk factors for intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization against women in terms of the schema therapy model (STM). Seventy-nine shelter-residing female IPV victims and 78 married female IPV non-victims participated in the study. The Young Schema Questionnaire Short Form, the Young Parenting Inventory, the Young Compensation Inventory, and the Young Avoidance Inventory were used. The results revealed that being young and having low income were risk factors for IPV victimization. Paternal parenting style was also found to be a further risk factor in addition to demographic variables. Further, the endorsement of disconnection and the unrelenting standards schema domains presented further information predicting IPV victimization above and beyond demographic variables and parenting styles. Maladaptive coping styles did not reveal themselves as maintenance factors for IPV victimization when the information gathered from demographic variables, parenting styles, and schema domains is taken out. The results are discussed in terms of the STM.

Alhabib, S., Nur, U., & Jones, R. (2010). Domestic violence against women: Systematic review of prevalence studies. Journal of Family Violence, 25, 369–382.CrossRef

Astin, M. C., Ogland-Hand, S. M., Coleman, E. M., & Foy, D. W. (1995). Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and childhood abuse in battered women: Comparisons with martially distressed women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(2), 308–312.CrossRefPubMed

Blissett, J., & Haycraft, E. (2008). Are parenting style and controlling feeding practices related? Appetite, 50, 477–485.CrossRefPubMed

Browne, A. (1993). Violence against women by male partners: Prevalence, outcomes and policy implications. American Psychologist, 48(10), 1077–1087.CrossRefPubMed

Caetano, R., Vaeth, P. A. C., & Ramisetty-Mikler, S. (2008). Intimate partner violence victim and perpetrator characteristics among couples in United States. Journal of Family Violence, 23, 507–518.CrossRef

Çakır, Z. (2007). Antisosyal kişilik bozukluğunda erken dönem uyumsuz şemalar, algılanan ebeveynlik stilleri ve şema sürdürücü başa çıkma davranışları arasındaki ilişkiler: şema terapi modeli çerçevesinde bir inceleme [Relationship between early maladaptive schemas, perceived parenting styles and schema perpetuating coping styles in antisocial personality disorder: An assessment in terms of schema therapy model]. Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

Calvete, E., & Orue, I. (2013). Cognitive mechanisms of the transmission of violence: Exploring gender differences among adolescents exposed to family violence. Journal of Family Violence, 28, 73–84.CrossRef

Calvete, E., Corral, S., & Estévez, A. (2007a). Cognitive and coping mechanisms in the interplay between intimate partner violence and depression. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 20(4), 369–382.CrossRefPubMed

Calvete, E., Estévez, A., & Corral, S. (2007b). Intimate partner violence and depressive symptoms in women: Cognitive schemas as moderators and mediators. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 45, 791–804.CrossRefPubMed

Cascardi, M., O’Leary, K. D., Lawrence, E. E., & Schlee, K. (1995). Characteristics of women physically abused by their spouses and who seek treatment regarding marital conflict. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 63(4), 616–623.CrossRefPubMed

Crawford, E., & O’Dougherty Wright, M. (2007). The impact of childhood psychological maltreatment on interpersonal schemas and subsequent experiences of relationship aggression. Journal of Emotional Abuse, 7(2), 93–116.CrossRef

Cukor, D., & McGinn, L. K. (2006). History of child abuse and severity of adult depression: The mediating role of cognitive schemata. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 15(3), 19–34.CrossRefPubMed

Dağ, İ. (1991). Belirti Tarama Listesi (SCL-90-R)‘nin üniversite öğrencileri için güvenirliği ve geçerliliği [Reliability and validity of the Symptom Checklist (SCL-90-R) for university students]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 2(1), 5–12.

Dahlberg, L. L., & Krug, E. G. (2002). Violence – a global public health problem. In E. G. Krug, L. L. Dahlberg, J. A. Mercy, A. B. Zwi, & R. Lozano (Eds.), World report on violence and health (pp. 1–21). Geneva: World Health Organization.

Downs, W. R., Miller, B. A., Testa, M., & Panek, D. (1992). Long-term effects of parent-to-child violence for women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 7, 365–382.CrossRef

Dutton, M. A., Burghardt, K. J., Perrin, S. G., Chrestman, K. R., & Halle, P. M. (1994). Battered women’s cognitive schemata. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 7(2), 237–255.CrossRefPubMed

Ellsberg, M., Peña, R., Herrera, A., Liljestrand, J., & Winkvist, A. (2000). Candies in hell: Women’s experiences of violence in Nicaragua. Social Science and Medicine, 51(11), 1595–1610.CrossRefPubMed

Farrell, G. (1992). Multiple victimization: Its extent and significance. International Review of Victimology, 2, 85–102.

Flynn, A., & Graham, K. (2010). “Why did it happen?” A review and conceptual framework for research on perpetrators’ and victims’ explanations for intimate partner violence. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 15, 239–251.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Garcia-Moreno, C., Jansen, H. A. F. M., Ellsberg, M., Heise, L., & Watts, C. H. (2006). Prevalence of intimate partner violence: findings from the WHO multi-country study on women’s health and domestic violence. The Lancet, 368(3543), 1260–1269.CrossRef

Gay, L. E., Harding, H. G., Jackson, J. L., Burns, E. E., & Baker, B. D. (2013). Attachment style and early maladaptive schemas as mediators of the relationship between childhood emotional abuse and intimate partner violence. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment & Trauma, 22, 408–424.CrossRef

Güleç Öyekçin, D., Yetim, D., & Şahin, E. M. (2012). Kadına yönelik farklı eş şiddeti tiplerini etkileyen psikososyal faktörler [Psychosocial factors affecting different types of violence against women]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 23(2), 75–81.PubMed

Haycraft, E. L., & Blissett, J. M. (2008). Maternal and paternal controlling feeding practices: Reliability and relationships with BMI. Obesity, 16, 1552–1558.CrossRefPubMed

Hubbs-Tait, L., Kennedy, T. S., Page, M. C., Topham, G. L., & Harrist, A. W. (2008). Parental feeding practices predict authoritative, authoritarian, and permissive parenting styles. Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 108(7), 1154–1161.CrossRefPubMed

Hyde-Nolan, M. E., & Juliano, T. (2012). Theoretical basis for family violence. In R. Fife and S. Schrager (Eds.), Family violence: What healthcare providers need to know (s. 5–21). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Jacobson, N. S., Gottman, J. W., Waltz, J., Rushe, R., et al. (1994). Affect, verbal content, and psychophysiology in the arguments of couples with a violent husband. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62(5), 982–988.CrossRefPubMed

Jansen, H. A. F. M., Yüksel, İ., & Çağatay, P. (2009). Kadına yönelik şiddetin yaygınlığı [Prevalence of violence against women]. T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü. In Türkiye’de kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet [Violence against women in Turkey] (pp. 45–70). Ankara: T.C. Başbakanlık Kadının Statüsü Genel Müdürlüğü.

Kağıtçıbaşı, Ç. (1996). The autonomous-relational self: A new synthesis. European Psychologist, 1(3), 180–186.CrossRef

Karaosmanoğlu, A., Soygüt, G., & Kabul, A. (2013). Psychometric properties of the Turkish Young Compensation Inventory. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 20(2), 171–179.CrossRef

Lloyd, S., Farrell, G., & Pease, K. (1994). Preventing repeated domestic violence: A demonstration project on Merseyside. London: Home Office Police Department.

Maker, A. H., Kemmelmeier, M., & Peterson, C. (1998). Long-term psychological consequences in women of witnessing parental physical conflict and experiencing abuse in childhood. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13(5), 574–589.CrossRef

Markus, H. R., & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98(2), 224–253.CrossRef

Mihalic, S. W., & Elliott, D. (1997a). A social learning theory model of marital violence. Journal of Family Violence, 12(1), 21–47.CrossRef

Mihalic, S. W., & Elliott, D. (1997b). If violence is domestic, does it really count? Journal of Family Violence, 12(3), 293–311.CrossRef

Naçar, M., Baykan, Z., Poyrazoğlu, S., & Çetinkaya, F. (2009). Kayseri ilinde iki sağlık ocağı bölgesinde kadına yönelik aile içi şiddet [Violence against women in two health center in the Kayseri province]. TAF Preventive Medicine Bulletin, 8(2), 131–138.

O’Neill, M. L., & Kerig, P. K. (2000). Attributions of self-blame and perceived control as moderators of adjustment in battered women. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 15, 1036–1050.CrossRef

Phares, V., & Compas, B. E. (1992). The role of fathers in child and adolescent psychopathology: Make room for daddy. Psychological Bulletin, 111(3), 387–412.CrossRefPubMed

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J. Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903.CrossRefPubMed

Renner, L. M., & Shook Slack, K. (2006). Intimate partner violence and child maltreatment: Understanding intra- and intergenerational connections. Child Abuse & Neglect, 30(6), 599–817.CrossRef

Şahin, B. (2011). Alkol bağımlıları ve eşlerinde evlilik uyumu, bağlanma biçimi ve mizaç karakter özellikleri arasındaki ilişki [Relationship between marital adjustment, attachment type and temperament characteristics of alcoholics and their spouses]. Unpublished Specialty in Medicine Thesis. Ankara, Turkey: Gazi University Faculty of Medicine Psychiatry Department.

Schornstein, S. L. (1997). The dynamics of abuse. In Domestic violence and health care: What every professional needs to know (pp. 46–69). Thousand Oaks, California: Sage Publications.

Soygüt, G. (2007). Young-Rygh kaçınma ölçeği (YR-KÖ)‘nin psikometrik özellikleri [Psychometric properties of Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (YR-AI)]. Unpublished instrument .Retrieved from: http://tr.goncasoygut.com/tr2/?page_id=72

Soygüt, G. (2012). Parental styles: Universalities and cultural specificities [special issue]. International Journal of Psychology, 47, 237–238.

Soygüt, G., & Karaosmanoğlu, A. (2005). The Relationship between parenting style and interpersonal schemas. Presented at the meeting of European Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies. Greece: Thessaloniki.

Soygüt, G., Çakır, Z., & Karaosmanoğlu, A. (2008). Ebeveynlik biçimlerinin değerlendirilmesi: Young Ebeveynlik Ölçeği’nin psikometrik özelliklerine ilişkin bir inceleme [Assessment of parenting styles: A psychometric study of the Turkish Young Parenting Inventory]. Türk Psikoloji Yazıları, 11(22), 17–30.

Soygüt, G., Karaosmanoğlu, A., & Çakır, Z. (2009). Erken dönem uyumsuz şemaların değerlendirilmesi: Young Şema Ölçeği Kısa Form–3'ün psikometrik özelliklerine ilişkin bir inceleme [Assessment of early maladaptive schemas: A psychometric study of the Turkish Young Schema Questionnaire–Short Form–3]. Türk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 20(1), 75–84.PubMed

Stith, S. M., Smith, D. B., Penn, C. E., Ward, D. B., & Tritt, D. (2004). Intimate partner physical abuse perpetration and victimization risk factors: a meta-analytic review. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 10, 65–98.CrossRef

Swartout, K. M., Cook, S. L., & White, J. W. (2012). Trajectories of intimate partner violence victimization. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 13(3), 272–277.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Taşkale, N. (2014). Aile içi şiddet mağduru kadınların Şema Terapi Modeli açısından incelenmesi [Analysis of domestic violence victim women in terms of Schema Focused Model]. Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences, Ankara, Turkey: Unpublished Master’s Thesis.

Taşkale, N., & Soygüt, G. (2015). Sığınaklarda kalan şiddet mağduru kadınlar: Demografik ve sosyoekonomik bir inceleme [Shelter-residing female violence victims: A demographic and socioeconomic examination]. Manuscript in preparation.

Walker, L. E. (2009). Learned helplessness, learned optimism and battered women. In The battered woman syndrome. 3rd ed. NY: Springer Publication Cooperation.

Watts, C., & Zimmerman, C. (2002). Violence against women: global scope and magnitude. The Lancet, 359(9313), 1232–1237.CrossRef

White, J. W., Smith, P. H. (2004). Longitudinal perspective on physical and sexual intimate partner violence against women. In B. Fisher (Ed.), Violence Against Women and Family Violence: Developments in Research, Practice, and Policy (pp. II/2/1–II/2/10). Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice.

Yıldırım, A. (1996). Sığınaklarda kalan kadınların uğradığı şiddetin boyutları, The dimensions of violence experienced by shelter-residing women. Ankara, Turkey: Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Hacettepe University Graduate School of Social Sciences.

Young, J. E. (1994). Young parenting inventory. New York: Cognitive Therapy Center of New York.

Young, J. E. (1995). Young compensation inventory. New York: Cognitive Therapy Center of New York.

Young, J. E. (1998). Young schema inventory – short form. New York: Cognitive Therapy Center of New York.

Young, J. E., & Brown, G. (1990). Young schema questionnaire. New York: Cognitive Therapy Center of New York.

Young, J. E., & Rygh, J. (1994). Young-Rygh avoidance inventory. New York: Cognitive Therapy Center of New York.

Young, J. E., Klosko, J. S., & Weishaar, M. E. (2003). Schema therapy: A practitioner’s guide. New York: The Guilford Press.

Title: Risk Factors for Women’s Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: An Examination from the Perspective of the Schema Therapy Model
Authors: Nermin Taşkale
Gonca Soygüt
Publication date: 01-01-2017
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Family Violence / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Electronic ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-016-9855-6

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Risk Factors for Women’s Intimate Partner Violence Victimization: An Examination from the Perspective of the Schema Therapy Model

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

The Influence of Victim Vulnerability and Gender on Police Officers’ Assessment of Intimate Partner Violence Risk

Attitudinal Acceptance of and Experiences with Intimate Partner Violence among Rural Adults

Attentive Surveillance: A Preliminary Study of Prioritizing Mothering Standards in the Face of Intimate Partner Violence

Spousal Violence against Working Women in India

Women’s Knowledge of the Domestic Violence Legislation in Erbil, Iraq and their Response to Spousal Violence

Why do they Stay? Examining Contributing Factors to Women’s Length of Stay in a Domestic Violence Shelter