Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

LIVE: Thursday 27th June 2024, 18:00-19:30 (CEST)
Join our expert panel to discover why you need to understand the drivers of non-adherence in your patients, and how you can optimize medication adherence in your clinics to drastically improve patient outcomes.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Health Services Research
Published in: BMC Health Services Research 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Review

Rheumatic heart disease: infectious disease origin, chronic care approach

Authors: Judith M Katzenellenbogen, Anna P Ralph, Rosemary Wyber, Jonathan R Carapetis

Published in: BMC Health Services Research | Issue 1/2017

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a chronic cardiac condition with an infectious aetiology, causing high disease burden in low-income settings. Affected individuals are young and associated morbidity is high. However, RHD is relatively neglected due to the populations involved and its lower incidence relative to other heart diseases.

Methods and results

In this narrative review, we describe how RHD care can be informed by and integrated with models of care developed for priority non-communicable diseases (coronary heart disease), and high-burden communicable diseases (tuberculosis). Examining the four-level prevention model (primordial through tertiary prevention) suggests primordial and primary prevention of RHD can leverage off existing tuberculosis control efforts, given shared risk factors. Successes in coronary heart disease control provide inspiration for similarly bold initiatives for RHD. Further, we illustrate how the Chronic Care Model (CCM), developed for use in non-communicable diseases, offers a relevant framework to approach RHD care. Systems strengthening through greater integration of services can improve RHD programs.

Conclusion

Strengthening of systems through integration/linkages with other well-performing and resourced services in conjunction with policies to adopt the CCM framework for the secondary and tertiary prevention of RHD in settings with limited resources, has the potential to significantly reduce the burden of RHD globally. More research is required to provide evidence-based recommendations for policy and service design.
Literature
1.
Omran AR. The epidemiologic transition. A theory of the epidemiology of population change. Milbank Mem Fund Q. 1971;49(4):509–38.PubMedCrossRef
2.
Murray CJ, Vos T, Lozano R, Naghavi M, Flaxman AD, Michaud C, et al. Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 291 diseases and injuries in 21 regions, 1990-2010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010. Lancet. 2012;380:2197–223.PubMedCrossRef
3.
Lyons JG, Stewart S. Convergent communicable and noncommunicable heart disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2012;9:12–4.CrossRef
4.
Zuhlke L, Engel ME, Karthikeyan G, Rangarajan S, Mackie P, Cupido B, et al. Characteristics, complications, and gaps in evidence-based interventions in rheumatic heart disease: the global rheumatic heart disease registry (the REMEDY study). Europ Heart J. 2014; doi:10.​1093/​eurheartj/​ehu449.
5.
Carapetis JR. The stark reality of rheumatic heart disease. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(18):1070–3. Epub 2015/01/15PubMedCrossRef
6.
World Health Organization. Seventieth World Health Assembly: Provisional agenda item 15.1. Preparation for the third High-level Meeting of the General Assembly on the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases, to be held in 2018. Geneva: WHO; 2017.
7.
Bonita R, Beaglehole R, Kjellström T. Basic epidemiology. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO press, World health. Organization. 2006;
8.
Epping-Jordan JE, Pruitt SD, Bengoa R, Wagner EH. Improving the quality of health care for chronic conditions. Quality & safety in health care. 2004;13(4):299–305. Epub 2004/08/04CrossRef
9.
Wagner EH, Austin BT, Davis C, Hindmarsh M, Schaefer J, Bonomi A. Improving chronic illness care: translating evidence into action. Health affairs (Project Hope). 2001;20(6):64–78. Epub 2002/01/31CrossRef
10.
Ferrari R. Writing narrative style literature review. Medical. Writing. 2015;24(4):230–5.CrossRef
11.
Cook DJ, Mulrow CD, Haynes RB. Systematic reviews: synthesis of best evidence for clinical decisions. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126(5):376–80.PubMedCrossRef
12.
13.
Parks T, Smeesters PR, Steer AC. Streptococcal skin infection and rheumatic heart disease. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2012;25(2):145–53. Epub 2012/02/14PubMedCrossRef
14.
Esposito S, Bianchini S, Fastiggi M, Fumagalli M, Andreozzi L, Rigante D. Geoepidemiological hints about streptococcus pyogenes strains in relationship with acute rheumatic fever. Autoimmun Rev. 2015;14(7):616–21. Epub 2015/03/17PubMedCrossRef
15.
Lynskey NN, Lawrenson RA, Sriskandan S. New understandings in streptococcus pyogenes. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2011;24(3):196–202. Epub 2011/03/19PubMedCrossRef
16.
Gray L, D'Antoine HA, Tong SYC, McKinnon M, Bessarab D, Brown N, et al. Genome-wide analysis of genetic risk factors for rheumatic heart disease in aboriginal Australians provides support for pathogenic molecular mimicry. J Infect Dis. 2017; In press: doi:10.​1093/​infdis/​jix497
17.
Parkes T, editor. GenoME- Wide Association study of susceptibility to rheumatic heart disease in Oceania World Congress of Cardiology; 2016; Mexico City.
18.
Engel M, Stander R, Vogel J, Adeyenmo A, Mayosi B. Genetic susceptibility to acute rheumatic fever: a systematic reveiw and meta-analysis of twin studies. PLoS One. 2011;6(9):e56326.CrossRef
19.
Wannamaker LW. The epidemiology of streptococcal infections. In: McCarty M, editor. Streptococcal infections. New York: Columbia University Press; 1954.
20.
Jaine R, Baker M, Venugopal K. Acute rheumatic fever associated with household crowding in a developed country. Pediatric Infectious Diseases Journal. 2011;30(4):315–9.CrossRef
21.
Steer AC, Carapetis JR, Nolan TM, Shann F. Systematic review of rheumatic heart disease prevalence in children in developing countries: the role of environmental factors. J Paediatr Child Health. 2002;38:229–34.PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zaman M, Rouf M, Haque S, RL K, Chowdhury N, Razzaque S, et al. Does rheumatic fever usually occur between the ages of 5 and 15 years. Int J Cardiol. 1998;66(1):17–21.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Carapetis J, McDonald M, Wilson N. Acute rheumatic fever. Lancet. 2005;366:9480.
24.
Walker KG, de Vries PJ, Stein DJ, Wilmshurst JM. Sydenham chorea and PANDAS in South Africa: review of evidence and recommendations for management in resource-poor countries. J Child Neurol. 2015;30(7):850–9.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Gewitz MH, Baltimore RS, Tani LY, Sable CA, Shulman ST, Carapetis J, et al. Revision of the Jones Criteria for the Diagnosis of Acute Rheumatic Fever in the Era of Doppler Echocardiography. Circulation. 2015;131: doi:10.​1161/​CIR.​0000000000000205​.
26.
Roberts KV, Brown AD, Maguire GP, Atkinson DN, Carapetis JR. Utility of auscultatory screening for detecting rheumatic heart disease in high-risk children in Australia’s northern territory. Med J Aust 2013;199(3):196–9. Epub 2013/08/06.
27.
Beaton A, Okello E, Lwabi P, Mondo C, McCarter R, Sable C. Echocardiography screening for rheumatic heart disease in Ugandan schoolchildren. Circulation. 2012;125(25):3127–32.PubMedCrossRef
28.
Watkins DA, Johnson CO, Colquhoun SM, Karthikeyan G, Beaton A, Bukhman G, et al. Global, regional and national burden of rheumatic heart disease, 1990-2015. NE J Med. 2017;377(8):713–22.CrossRef
29.
Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Mulholland EK, Weber M. The global burden of group a streptococcal diseases. Lancet Infect Dis. 2005;5(11):685–94.PubMedCrossRef
30.
AIHW. Rheumatic heart disease and acute rheumatic fever in Australia: 1996–2012. Canberra, Australia: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013.
31.
Oliver J, Pierse N, Baker M. Estimating rheumatic fever incidence in New Zealand using mulitple data sources. Epidemology and Infection. 2015;143(1):167–77.CrossRef
32.
Gordon J, Kirlew M, Schreiber Y, Saginur R, Bocking N, Haavaldsrud BBM, et al. Acute rheumatic fever in first nations communities in northwestern Ontario: social determinants of health “bite the heart”. Can Fam Physician. 2015;61:881–6.PubMedPubMedCentral
33.
Kaplan E. Global assessment of rheumtatic fever and rheumatic heart disease at the close of the century. Circulation. 1993;88(4):1.
34.
35.
Wyber R, Carapetis J. Evolution, evidence and effect of secondary prophylaxis against rheumatic fever. Journal of the practice of cardiovascular. Sciences. 2015;1(1):9–14.
36.
37.
Wilkinson R, Marmot M. Social determinants of health: the solid facts. 2nd ed. Geneva: WHO; 2003.
38.
Leavell HR, Clark EG. Preventive medicine for the doctor in his community. 3. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company; 1965.
39.
Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth G, Mensah GA, Ezzati ME, Flaxmand A, et al. The global burden of ischemic heart diseae i 1990 and 2010: the global burden of disease 2010 study. Circulation. 2014;129(14):1493–501.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
40.
Bull FC, Gauvin L, Bauman A, Shilton T, Kohl HW, Salmon A. The Toronto charter for physical activity: a global call for action. J Phys Act Health. 2010;7(4):421–2.PubMedCrossRef
41.
World Health Organization. The Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. WHO, 1986.
42.
World Health Organization. WHO framework convention on tobacco control: Guidelines for implementation. Article 5.3; Article 8; Articles 9 and 10; Article 11; Article 12; Article 13; Article 14–2013 edition. Geneva: WHO, 2013.
43.
44.
Jaine R, Baker M, Venugopal K. Acute rheumatic fever associated with household crowding in a developed country. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011;30(4):315–9.PubMedCrossRef
45.
Wannamaker L. Chapter 12: the epidemiology of streptococcal infections. In: McCarthy M, editor. Streptococcal infections. New York: Columbia University Press; 1954. p. 157–75.
46.
Adanja B, Vlajinac H, Jarebinski M. Socioeconomic factors in the etiology of rheumatic fever. J Hyg Epidemiol Microbiol Immunol. 1988;32:329–35.PubMed
47.
McDonald M, Towers RJ, Andrews RM, Benger N, Currie BJ, Carapetis JR. Low rates of streptococcal pharyngitis and high rates of pyoderma in Australian aboriginal communities where acute rheumatic fever is hyperendemic. Clin Infect Dis. 2006;43(6):683–9.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. Group A Streptococcal Sore Throat Management Guideline. 2014 Update. Auckland: Heart Foundation of New Zealand, 2014.
49.
Australia RHD. Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. In: National Heart Foundation of Australia and Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. 2nd ed; 2012.
50.
Bailie R, Stevens M, McDonald E, Halpin S, Brewster D, Robinson G, et al. Skin infection, housing and social circumstances in children living in remote Indigenous communities: testing conceptual and methodological approaches. BMC Public Health. 2005;5(128) doi:10.​1186/​471–2458–5-128.
51.
Healthy Skin Program; Guidelines for Community Control of Scabies, Skin Sores, Tinea and Crusted Scabies in the Northern Territory. Center for Disease Control, 2015.
52.
53.
Bosch M. Trial of rental housing warrant of fitness scheme with housing New Zealand. Wellington: Housing New Zealand Corporation; 2014.
54.
55.
WHO. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Technical Report Series 923, World Health Organization, 2001.
56.
57.
Lennon D, Stewart J, Farrell E, Palmer A, Mason H. School-based prevention of acute rheumatic fever: a group randomized trial in New Zealand. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2009;28(9):787–94. Epub 2009/08/28PubMedCrossRef
58.
Jack S, Baker M, Galloway Y, Mackereth G, Milne R, Oliver J, et al., editors. Interim evaluation of the school-based sore throat management component of the New Zealand Rheumatic Fever Prevention Programme World Congress of Cardiology; 2016; Mexico City.
59.
Nordet P, Lopez R, Duenas A, Luis S. Prevention and control of rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: the Cuban experience (1986 - 1996 – 2002). Cardiovascular Journal of Africa. 2008;19(3):135–40.PubMedPubMedCentral
60.
61.
Karthikeyan G, Mayosi BMI. Primary prevention of rheumatic fever the missing link in the control of rheumatic heart disease in Africa? Circulation. 2009;120:709–13.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Good MF, Batzloff MR, Pandey M. Strategies in the development of vaccines to prevent infections with group a streptococcus. Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics. 2013;9(11):2393–7. Epub 2013/07/19CrossRef
63.
Dale JB, Fischetti VA, Carapetis JR, Steer AC, Sow S, Kumar R, et al. Group a streptococcal vaccines: paving a path for accelerated development. Vaccine. 2013;31(Suppl 2):B216–22. Epub 2013/04/26PubMedCrossRef
64.
Sanderson-Smith M, De Oliveira DM, Guglielmini J, McMillan DJ, Vu T, Holien JK, et al. A systematic and functional classification of streptococcus pyogenes that serves as a new tool for molecular typing and vaccine development. J Infect Dis. 2014;210(8):1325–38.PubMedCrossRef
65.
Sheel M, Moreland N, Fraser J, Carapetis J. Development of group a streptococcal vaccines: an unmet global health need. Expert Review of Vaccines. 2015;
66.
World Health Organization. Prevention of cardiovascular disease : pocket guidelines for assessment and management of cardiovascular risk : (WHO/ISH cardiovascular risk prediction charts for the African region). Geneva: WHO; 2007.
67.
Irlam J, Mayosi BM, Engel M, Gazian TA. Primary prevention of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease with penicillin in south African children with pharyngitis- a cost-effectiveness analysis. Circ Cardiovasc Qual Outcomes. 2013;6 doi:10.​1161/​CIRCOUTCOMES.​111.​000032.
68.
Rimoin AW, Hamza HS, Vince A, Kumar R, Walker CF, Chitale RA, et al. Evaluation of the WHO clinical decision rule for streptococcal pharyngitis. Arch Dis Child. 2005;90:1066–70.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
69.
RHDAustralia (ARF/RHD writing group). The Australian guideline for prevention, diagnosis and management of acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease (2nd edition). National Heart Foundation of Australia and the Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand; 2012. p. https://​www.​rhdaustralia.​org.​au/​arf-rhd-guideline.
70.
Michaud C, Rammohan R, Narula J. Cost-effectiveness analysis of intervention strategies for reduction of the burden of rheumatic heart disease. In: Narula J, Virmani R, Reddy KS, Tandon R, editors. Rheumatic fever. Washington American Registry of Pathology; 1999. p. 485–497.
71.
World Health Organization. Rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
72.
Heart Foundation of New Zealand. Diagnosis, Management and Secondary Prevention of Acute Rheumatic Fever and Rheumatic Heart Disease: 2014 Update. Auckland: The National Heart Foundation of New Zealand, 2014.
73.
Kaplan E. Current status of rheumatic fever control programs in the United States. Public Health Rep. 1981;96(3):267–8.PubMedPubMedCentral
74.
Zang W, Okello E, Nyakoojo W, Lwabi P, Mondo C. Proportion of patients in Uganda rheumatic heart disease registry with advanced disease requiring urgent surgical interventions. Afr Health Sci. 2015;15(4):1182–8.CrossRef
75.
Action RHD. RHD global status report 2015–2017: people, policy, programs and progress. Geneva: World Heart Federation; 2016.
76.
77.
Watkins DA, Mvundura M, Nordet P, et al. A cost-effectiveness analysis of a program to control rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease in Pinar del Rio, Cuba. PloS one. 2015;10(3):e0121363. Epub Epub 2015/03/15.
78.
Roberts K, Colquhoun S, Steer A, Remenyi B, Carapetis J. Screening for rheumatic heart disease: current approaches and controversies. Nature reviews. Cardiology. 2013;10(1):49–58.PubMed
79.
Remenyi B, Wilson N, Steer A, Ferreira B, Kado J, Kumar K, et al. World heart federation criteria for echocardiographic diagnosis of rheumatic heart disease - an evidence based guideline. Nature reviews. Cardiology. 2012;9(5):297–309.PubMedPubMedCentral
80.
Zuhlke L, Mayosi B. Echocardiograhic screening for subclinical rheumatic heart disease remains a research tool pending studies of impact on prognosis. Current Cardiology Reports. 2013;15(3) doi:10.​1007/​s11886-012-0343-1.
81.
National Heart Foundation of Australia. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease. Heart Foundation of Australia, 2010.
82.
American Heart Association and American College of Cardiology Foundation. Guideline for AHA/ACCF secondary prevention and risk reduction therapy for patients with coronary and other atherosclerotic vascular disease. Circulation. 2011;124:2458–73.CrossRef
83.
Mozaffarian D, Benjamin EJ, Go AS, Arnett DK, Blaha MJ, Cushman M, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2015 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2015;131(4):e29–322.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Bennett J. Cardiovascular applications: apps – a beginner’s guide. Br J Cardiol. 2016;23:100.CrossRef
85.
Santoro E, Castelnuovo G, Zoppis I, Mauri G, Sicurello F. Social media and mobile applications in chronic disease prevention and management. Front Psychol. 2015;6:567.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
86.
87.
Katzenellenbogen JM, Teng T-H K, Lopez A, Hung J, Knuiman MW, Sanfilippo FM, et al. Initial hospitalisation for atrial fibrillation in Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal populations in Western Australia. Heart. 2015;15(87) doi:10.​1186/​s12872-015-0081-6.
88.
Katzenellenbogen JM, Knuiman MW, Sanfilippo FM, MST H, Thompson SC. Prevalence of stroke and coexistent conditions: Disparities between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Western Australians. Int J Stroke. 2014;9(SupplA100):61–8.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Samandari T, Agizew TB, Nyirenda S, Tedla Z, Sibanda T, Shang N, et al. 6-month versus 36-month isoniazid preventive treatment for tuberculosis in adults with HIV infection in Botswana: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2011;377(9777):1588–98.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Yankah C, Fynn-Thompson F, Antunes M, Edwin F, Yuko-Jowi C, Mendis S, et al. Cardiac surgery capacity in sub-saharan Africa: quo vadis. Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014;62(5):393–401.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Kwan G, Bukham A, Miller A, Ngoga G, Mcumbitsi J, Bavuma C, et al. A simplified echocardiographic strategy for heart failure diagnosis and management within an integrated noncommunicable disase clinic at district hospital level for sub-Saharan Africa. Journal of the American college of cardiology Heart Failure. 2013;1(3):230–6.
92.
Brown P, Ernst A, Cambule A, Morrow M, Dortzbach D, Golub JE, et al. Applying the care group model to tuberculosis control: findings from a community-based project in Mozambique. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2017;21(10):1086–93.PubMedCrossRef
93.
Datiko DG, Yassin MA, Theobald SJ, Cuevas LEA. Community-based isoniazid preventive therapy for the prevention of childhood tuberculosis in Ethiopia. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2017;21(9):1002–7.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
94.
Ralph AP, Kenangalem E, Waramori G, Pontororing GJ, Sandjaja, Tjitra E, et al. High morbidity during treatment and residual pulmonary disability in pulmonary tuberculosis: under-recognised phenomena. PLoS One. 2013;8(11):e80302.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
95.
Pasipanodya JG, McNabb SJ, Hilsenrath P, Bae S, Lykens K, Vecino E, et al. Pulmonary impairment after tuberculosis and its contribution to TB burden. BMC Public Health. 2010;10:259. Epub 2010/05/21PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
96.
Reid A, Scano F, Getahun H, Williams B, Dye C, Nunn P, et al. Towards universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support: the role of tuberculosis/HIV collaboration. Lancet Infect Dis. 2006;6(8):483–95.PubMedCrossRef
97.
World Health Organization. International union against tuberculosis and lung disease. Collaborative framework for care and control of tuberculosis and diabetes. Geneva: World health Organization. 2011;
98.
Mitnick CD, Shin SS, Seung KJ, Rich ML, Atwood SS, Furin JJ, et al. Comprehensive treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(6):563–74.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
99.
100.
101.
Frenk J. The Global Health System: Strengthening National Health Systems as the Next Step for Global Progress. PLoS Medicine. 2010;7(1):e1000089-e.CrossRef
102.
Atun RA, Bennett S, Duran A. When do vertical (stand-alone) programmes have a place in health systems? World health Organization. 2008;
103.
Gounder CR, Chaisson REA. Diagonal approach to building primary healthcare systems in resource-limited settings: women-centred integration of HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, malaria, MCH and NCD initiatives. Trop Med Int Health. 2012;17(12):1426–31.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Levitt NS, Steyn K, Dave J, Bradshaw D. Chronic noncommunicable disease and HIV-AIDS on a collision course: relevance for health care delivery, particularly in low-resource settings - insights from South Africa. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(Suppl):1690S–6S.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
105.
Lamptey P, Dirks R. Building on the AIDS response to tackle noncommunicable diseases. Glob Heart. 2012;7(1):67–71.PubMedCrossRef
106.
Janssens B, Van Damme W, Raleigh GJ, Khem S, Soy K, et al. Offering integrated care for HIV/AIDS, diabetes and hypertension within chronic disease clinics in Cambodia. Bull World Health Organ. 2007;85:880–5.PubMedPubMedCentral
107.
Haregu TN, Setswe G, Elliott J, Oldenburg B. Integration of HIV/AIDS and noncommunicable diseases in developing countries: rationale, policies and models. Int J Hlth Care. 2015;1(1) doi:10.​5430/​ijh.​v1n1p21.
108.
Gleason B, Mirembe G, Namuyonga J, Okello E, Lwabi P, Lubega I, et al. Prevalence of latent rheumatic heart disease among HIV-infected children in Kampala, Uganda. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. 2016;71(2):196–9.CrossRef
109.
Otto H, Sasether S, Banteyrga L, Haugen B, Skjaerpe T. High prevalence of subclinical rheumatic heart disease in pregnant women in a developing country: an echocardiographic study. Echocardiography. 2011;10:1049–53.CrossRef
110.
World Health Organization Secretariate. Framework on people-centred health services. Geneva: WHO, 2016 SIXTY-NINTH WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY A69/39 Provisional agenda item 16.1.
111.
112.
Long A, Lungu JC, Machila E, Schwaninger S, Spector J, Tadmor B, et al. A programme to increase appropriate usage of benzathine penicillin for management of streptococcal pharyngitis and rheumatic heart disease in Zambia. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2017;28(5):242–7. doi:10.​5830/​CVJA-2017-002.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
113.
Engelman D, Kado JH, Remenyi B, Colquhoun SM, Carapetis JR, Donath S, et al. Focused cardiac ultrasound screening for rheumatic heart disease by briefly trained health workders: a study of diagnostic accuracy. Lancet Glob Health. 2016;4:e386–94.PubMedCrossRef
114.
Ploutz M, Lu JC, Scheel J, Webb C, Ensing GJ, Aliku T, et al. Handheld echocardiographic screening for rheumatic heart disease by non-experts. Heart. 2016;102(1):35–9. Epub 2015/10/07PubMedCrossRef
115.
Saxena A. Task shifting rheumatic heart disease screening to non-experts. Lancet. 2016;4:e349–50.PubMed
116.
Mirabel M, Celermajer DS, Ferreira B, Tafflet M, Perier MC, Karam N, et al. Screening for rheumatic heart disease: evaluation of a simplified echocardiography-based approach. European heart journal cardiovascular Imaging. 2012;13(12):1024–9. Epub 2012/04/21PubMedCrossRef
117.
Wagner EH, Austin BT, von Korff M. Organising patient care for patients with chronic illness. Millbank Quarterly. 1996;74:511–44.CrossRef
118.
Coleman K, Austin BT, Brach C, Wagner EH. Evidence on the chronic care model in the new millennium. Health affairs (Project Hope). 2009;28(1):75–85. Epub 2009/01/07PubMedCentralCrossRef
119.
National Public Health Service for Wales. International overview of the evidence on effective service models in chronic disease management. Cardiff: Welsh Assembly Government. 2006;
120.
Halladay JR, DeWalt DA, Wise A, Qaqish B, Reiter K, Lee SY, et al. More extensive implementation of the chronic care model is associated with better lipid control in diabetes. Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine : JABFM. 2014;27(1):34–41. Epub 2014/01/07PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
121.
Bodenheimer T, Wagner EH, Grumbach K. Improving primary care for patients with chronic illness: the chronic care model, part 2. JAMA. 2002;288(15):1909–14. Epub 2002/10/17PubMedCrossRef
122.
Frei A, Senn O, Chmiel C, Reissner J, Held U, Rosemann T. Implementation of the chronic care model in small medical practices improves cardiovascular risk but not glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 2014;37(4):1039–47. Epub 2014/02/12PubMedCrossRef
123.
Si D, Bailie R, Weeramanthri T. Effectiveness of chronic care model-oriented interventions to improve quality of diabetes care: a systematic review. Prim Hlth Care Research & Dev. 2008;9:25–40.
124.
Adams SG, Smith PK, Allan PF, Anzueto A, Pugh JA, Cornell JE. Systematic review of the chronic care model in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease prevention and management. Arch Intern Med. 2007;167(6):551–61. Epub 2007/03/29PubMedCrossRef
125.
Cramm JM, Nieboer AP. The chronic care model: congruency and predictors among patients with cardiovascular diseases and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in the Netherlands. BMC Health Serv Res. 2012;12:242. Epub 2012/08/09PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
126.
Haggstrom DA, Taplin SH, Monahan P, Clauser S. Chronic care model implementation for cancer screening and follow-up in community health centers. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2012;23(3 Suppl):49–66. Epub 2012/08/17PubMedCrossRef
127.
Holm AL, Severinsson E. Chronic care model for the management of depression: synthesis of barriers to, and facilitators of, success. Int J Ment Health Nurs. 2012;21(6):513–23. Epub 2012/05/30PubMedCrossRef
128.
Austin B, Wagner E, Hindmarsh M, Davis C. Elements of effective chronic care: a model for optimizing outcomes for the chronically ill. Epilepsy & behavior : E&B. 2000;1(4):S15–s20. Epub 2003/03/01CrossRef
129.
Si D, Bailie R, Cunningham J, Robinson G, Dowden M, Stewart A, et al. Describing and analysing primary health care system support for chronic illness care in indigenous communities in Australia's northern territory - use of the chronic care model. BMC Health Serv Res. 2008;8:112. Epub 2008/05/29PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
130.
Nuno R, Coleman K, Bengoa R, Sauto R. Integrated care for chronic conditions: the contribution of the ICCC Framework. Health policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2012;105(1):55–64. Epub 2011/11/11CrossRef
131.
Barr VJ, Robinson SM-LB, Underhill L, ARD D, Salivaras S. The expanded chronic care model: an integration of concepts and strategies from population health promotion and the chonic care model. Hospital Quarterly. 2003;7(1):73–82.PubMed
132.
Remond MG, Coyle ME, Mills JE, Maguire GP. Approaches to improving adherence to secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease: a literature review with a global perspective. Cardiol Rev. 2015; Epub 2015/03/26
133.
Ralph AP, Read C, Johnston V, de Dassel JL, Bycroft K, Mitchell A, et al. Improving delivery of secondary prophylaxis for rheumatic heart disease in remote indigenous communities: study protocol for a stepped-wedge randomised trial. Trials. 2016;17(1):51.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
134.
Ralph AP, Fittock M, Schultz R, Thompson D, Dowden M, Clemens TL, et al. Improvement in rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease management and prevention using a health centre-based continuous quality improvement approach. under review, BMC Health Services Dec 2012. 2013.
135.
Burgess CP, Sinclair G, Ramjan M, Coffey PJ, Connors CM, Katekar LV. Strengthening Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Remote Indigenous Communities in Australia’s Northern Territory. Heart, lung & circulation. 2015;24(5):450–7.CrossRef
136.
Zühlke L, Karthikeyan G, Engel ME, Rangarajan S, Mackie P, Cupido-Katya Mauff B, et al. Clinical outcomes in 3343 children and adults with rheumatic heart disease from 14 low- and middle-income countries: two-year follow-up of the global rheumatic heart disease registry (the REMEDY study). Circulation. 2016;134(19):1456–66.PubMedCrossRef
137.
Lennon D, Stewart J. An important investment to control acute rheumatic fever needs to run its course. NZJ Med. 2015;128(1416):6–9.
138.
139.
Watkins DA, Zuhlke LJ, Engel ME, et al. Seven key actions to erdicate rheumatic heart disease in Africa: the Addis Ababa communique. Nature reviews. Cardiology. 2016;27:1–5.
140.
141.
RHD Action Alliance. Integration, integration, integraion: why Rheumatic Heart Disease must be incorporated into Universal Health Coverage. Geneva: World Heart Federation; 2015.
142.
Viali S, Saena P, Futi V. Rheumatic fever Programme in Samoa. NZ Med J. 2011;124(1329):26–35.
143.
Mehta A, Saxena A, Kazi DS. Total burden of out-of-pocket costs for penicillin prophylaxis for rheumatic heart disease in India: results from the AIIMS pediatric RHD registry. Circulation. 2014, A16175;130
144.
McIntyre D, Thiede M, Dahlgren G, Whitehead M. What are the economic consequences for households of illness and of paying for health care in low- and middle-income country contexts? Soc Sci Med. 2006;62(4):858–65.PubMedCrossRef
145.
146.
147.
WHO. Package of Essential Noncommunicable (PEN) Disese Interventions for Primary Health Care in Low-Resource Settings. Geneva: Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2010.
148.
Dougherty S, Korsandi M, Herbst P. Rheumatic heart diease screening: current concepts and challenges. Annals of Pediatric Cardiology. 2017;10(1):39–49.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
149.
Abouzeid M, Katzenellenbogen J, Wyber R, Watkins D, Johnson TD, Carapetis R. Rheumatic heart disease across the Western Pacific: not just a Pacific Island problem. Heart Asia. 2017;(in press): doi:10.​1136/​heartasia-2017-010948.
150.
Gliklich RE, Nancy A, Dreyer NA, Leavy MB. Registries for Evaluating Patient Outcomes- A User’s Guide. Rockville: MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US); 2014.
Metadata
Title
Rheumatic heart disease: infectious disease origin, chronic care approach
Authors
Judith M Katzenellenbogen
Anna P Ralph
Rosemary Wyber
Jonathan R Carapetis
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Health Services Research / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1472-6963
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-017-2747-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

BMC Health Services Research 1/2017 Go to the issue

Research article

Ready for goal setting? Process evaluation of a patient-specific goal-setting method in physiotherapy

Research article

Factors associated with alcohol reduction in harmful and hazardous drinkers following alcohol brief intervention in Scotland: a qualitative enquiry

Research article

Managing expectations: cognitive authority and experienced control in complex healthcare processes

Research article

Implementation of a guideline for local health policy making by regional health services: exploring determinants of use by a web survey

Research article

Perceptions of interprofessional collaboration of general practitioners and community pharmacists - a qualitative study

Research article

Use of generic and essential medicines for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in Portugal