Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Neuroradiology 10/2004

01-10-2004 | Diagnostic Neuroradiology

Reversible encephalopathy syndrome: report of 12 cases with follow-up

Authors: S. Greco Crasto, L. Rizzo, P. Sardo, O. Davini, R. De Lucchi

Published in: Neuroradiology | Issue 10/2004

Login to get access

Abstract

We report the clinical and neuroradiological features of reversible encephalopathy syndrome and follow-up results in 12 patients. This syndrome seems to be the result of an acute encephalopathy showing with brain edema mainly in the white matter (vasogenic edema). Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images are useful to distinguish this entity from acute ischemia. Early recognition and treatment often lead to complete neurological recovery. If unrecognized, the patient’s condition can progress to central nervous system failure.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Minagar A, De Toledo JC, Falcone S (2001) Cortical-subcortical lesions in “reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome.” Encephalopathy or seizures? J Neurol 248:537–540 Minagar A, De Toledo JC, Falcone S (2001) Cortical-subcortical lesions in “reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome.” Encephalopathy or seizures? J Neurol 248:537–540
2.
go back to reference Schilling S, Hartel C, Gehl H-B, Sperner J (2003) MRI findings in acute hypertensive encephalopathy. Eur J Neurol 10:325–334 Schilling S, Hartel C, Gehl H-B, Sperner J (2003) MRI findings in acute hypertensive encephalopathy. Eur J Neurol 10:325–334
3.
go back to reference Covarrubias DJ, Luetmer PH, Campeau NG (2002) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion weighted MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:1038–10481 Covarrubias DJ, Luetmer PH, Campeau NG (2002) Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: prognostic utility of quantitative diffusion weighted MR images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 23:1038–10481
4.
go back to reference Schwartz RB, Feske SK, Polak JF, DeGirolami U, Iaia A, Beckner KM et al (2000) Preeclampsia-eclampsia: clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Radiology 217:371–376 Schwartz RB, Feske SK, Polak JF, DeGirolami U, Iaia A, Beckner KM et al (2000) Preeclampsia-eclampsia: clinical and neuroradiographic correlates and insights into the pathogenesis of hypertensive encephalopathy. Radiology 217:371–376
5.
go back to reference Schaefer PW, Buonanno FS, Gonzales RG, Schwamm LH (1997) Diffusionweighted imaging discriminates between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in a pazient with eclampsia. Stroke 28:1082–1085PubMed Schaefer PW, Buonanno FS, Gonzales RG, Schwamm LH (1997) Diffusionweighted imaging discriminates between cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in a pazient with eclampsia. Stroke 28:1082–1085PubMed
6.
go back to reference Felz MW, Barnes DB, Figueroa RE (2000) Late postpartum eclampsia 16 days after delivery: case report with clinical, radiologic and pathophysiologic correlations. J Am Board Fam Pract 13:39–46PubMed Felz MW, Barnes DB, Figueroa RE (2000) Late postpartum eclampsia 16 days after delivery: case report with clinical, radiologic and pathophysiologic correlations. J Am Board Fam Pract 13:39–46PubMed
7.
go back to reference Koch S, Rabinstein A, Falcone S, Forteza A (2001) Diffusion-weighted imaging shows cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in eclampsia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1068–1070 Koch S, Rabinstein A, Falcone S, Forteza A (2001) Diffusion-weighted imaging shows cytotoxic and vasogenic edema in eclampsia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1068–1070
8.
go back to reference Giner V, Fernandez C, Esteban MJ, Galindo MJ, Forner MJ, Guix J et al (2002) Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy secondary to Indinavir induced hypertensive crisis: a case report. A J Hematol 15:465–467CrossRef Giner V, Fernandez C, Esteban MJ, Galindo MJ, Forner MJ, Guix J et al (2002) Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy secondary to Indinavir induced hypertensive crisis: a case report. A J Hematol 15:465–467CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Moritani T, Shrier DA, Numaguchi Y, Takahashi C, Yano T, Nakai K et al (2001) Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging of CNS involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Acad Radiol 8:741–753 Moritani T, Shrier DA, Numaguchi Y, Takahashi C, Yano T, Nakai K et al (2001) Diffusion-weighted echo-planar MR imaging of CNS involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus. Acad Radiol 8:741–753
10.
go back to reference Kastrup O, Maschke I, Diener HC (2002) posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to severe hypercalcemia. J Neurol 249:1563–1566 Kastrup O, Maschke I, Diener HC (2002) posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome due to severe hypercalcemia. J Neurol 249:1563–1566
11.
go back to reference Osborn AG (1994) Intracranial hemorrhage. In: Osborn AG (ed) Diagnostic neuroradiology. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 176–178 Osborn AG (1994) Intracranial hemorrhage. In: Osborn AG (ed) Diagnostic neuroradiology. Mosby, St. Louis, pp 176–178
12.
go back to reference Utz N, Kinkel B, hedde JP, Bewermeyer H (2001) MR imaging of acute intermittent porphyria mimicking reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Neuroradiology 43:1059–1062 Utz N, Kinkel B, hedde JP, Bewermeyer H (2001) MR imaging of acute intermittent porphyria mimicking reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. Neuroradiology 43:1059–1062
13.
go back to reference Lansberg MG, O’Brien MW, Norbash AM, Moseley ME, Morrell M, Albers GW (1999) MRI abnormalities associated with partial status epilepticus. Neurology 52:1021–1027PubMed Lansberg MG, O’Brien MW, Norbash AM, Moseley ME, Morrell M, Albers GW (1999) MRI abnormalities associated with partial status epilepticus. Neurology 52:1021–1027PubMed
14.
go back to reference Cosottini M, Lazzarotti G, Ceravolo R, Michelassi MC, Canapicchi R, Murri L (2003) Cyclosporine-related posterior reversible encephalophathy syndrome (PRES) in non transplant patient: a case report and literature review. Eur J Neurol 10:461–464 Cosottini M, Lazzarotti G, Ceravolo R, Michelassi MC, Canapicchi R, Murri L (2003) Cyclosporine-related posterior reversible encephalophathy syndrome (PRES) in non transplant patient: a case report and literature review. Eur J Neurol 10:461–464
15.
go back to reference Lin JT, Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Hsiao LT, Lirng JF, Chen PM (2003) Prolonged reversible vasospasm in cyclosporin A-induced encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:102–104 Lin JT, Wang SJ, Fuh JL, Hsiao LT, Lirng JF, Chen PM (2003) Prolonged reversible vasospasm in cyclosporin A-induced encephalopathy. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 24:102–104
16.
go back to reference Oliverio PJ, Restrepo L, Mitchell SA, Tornatore CS, Frankel SR (2000) Reversible tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity isolated to the brain stem. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1251–1254 Oliverio PJ, Restrepo L, Mitchell SA, Tornatore CS, Frankel SR (2000) Reversible tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity isolated to the brain stem. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 21:1251–1254
17.
go back to reference Wong R, Beguelin GZ, De Lima M, Girat SA, Hosing C, Ippoliti C et al (2003) Tacrolimus associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 122:128–134CrossRefPubMed Wong R, Beguelin GZ, De Lima M, Girat SA, Hosing C, Ippoliti C et al (2003) Tacrolimus associated posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome after allogenic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Br J Haematol 122:128–134CrossRefPubMed
18.
go back to reference Cooney MJ, Bradley WG, Symko SC, Sangita TP, Groncy PK (2000) Hypertensive encephalopathy: complication in children treated for myeloproliferative disorders: report of three cases. Radiology 214:711–716 Cooney MJ, Bradley WG, Symko SC, Sangita TP, Groncy PK (2000) Hypertensive encephalopathy: complication in children treated for myeloproliferative disorders: report of three cases. Radiology 214:711–716
19.
go back to reference Henderson RD, Rajah T, Nicol AJ, Read SJ (2003) Posterior leukoencephalopathy following intrathecal chemotherapy with MRA documented vasospasm. Neurology 60:326–328PubMed Henderson RD, Rajah T, Nicol AJ, Read SJ (2003) Posterior leukoencephalopathy following intrathecal chemotherapy with MRA documented vasospasm. Neurology 60:326–328PubMed
20.
go back to reference Jones BV, Egelhoff JC, Patterson RJ (1997) Hypertensive encephalopathy in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 18:101–106 Jones BV, Egelhoff JC, Patterson RJ (1997) Hypertensive encephalopathy in children. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 18:101–106
21.
go back to reference Schwartz RB (2002) Hyperperfusion encephalopathies: hypertensive encephalopathy and related conditions. Neurologist 8:22–34CrossRefPubMed Schwartz RB (2002) Hyperperfusion encephalopathies: hypertensive encephalopathy and related conditions. Neurologist 8:22–34CrossRefPubMed
22.
go back to reference Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, Breen J, Pao L, Wang A et al (1996) A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med 334:494–500CrossRefPubMed Hinchey J, Chaves C, Appignani B, Breen J, Pao L, Wang A et al (1996) A reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome. N Engl J Med 334:494–500CrossRefPubMed
23.
go back to reference Teive HAG, Brandi IV, Camargo CHF, Bittencourt MA, Bonfim CM, Friedrich ML et al (2001) Reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome associated with bone marrow transplantation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 59:784–789PubMed Teive HAG, Brandi IV, Camargo CHF, Bittencourt MA, Bonfim CM, Friedrich ML et al (2001) Reversible posterior leucoencephalopathy syndrome associated with bone marrow transplantation. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 59:784–789PubMed
24.
go back to reference Provenzale JM, Petrella JR, Cruz LCH, Wong JC, Engelter S, Barboriak DP (2001) Quantitative assessment of diffusion abnormalities in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1455–1461 Provenzale JM, Petrella JR, Cruz LCH, Wong JC, Engelter S, Barboriak DP (2001) Quantitative assessment of diffusion abnormalities in posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:1455–1461
25.
go back to reference Schaefer PW, Grant PE, Gonzales RG (2000) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 217:331–345 Schaefer PW, Grant PE, Gonzales RG (2000) Diffusion-weighted MR imaging of the brain. Radiology 217:331–345
26.
go back to reference Beauchamp NJ, Barker PB, Wang PY, VanZijl PCM (1999) Imaging of acute cerebral ischemia. Radiology 212:307–324 Beauchamp NJ, Barker PB, Wang PY, VanZijl PCM (1999) Imaging of acute cerebral ischemia. Radiology 212:307–324
27.
go back to reference Mukherjee P, McKinstry RC (2001) Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: evaluation with diffusion-tensor MR imaging. Radiology 219:756–765 Mukherjee P, McKinstry RC (2001) Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome: evaluation with diffusion-tensor MR imaging. Radiology 219:756–765
28.
go back to reference Burdette JH, Elster AD, Ricci PE (1999) Acute cerebral infarction: quantification of spin-density and T2 shine-through phenomena on diffusion weighted MR images. Radiology 212:333–339 Burdette JH, Elster AD, Ricci PE (1999) Acute cerebral infarction: quantification of spin-density and T2 shine-through phenomena on diffusion weighted MR images. Radiology 212:333–339
29.
go back to reference Lansberg MG, Thijs VN, O’Brien MW, Ali Jo, De Crespigni AJ, Tong DC (2001) Evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion-weighted, and T2-weighted signal intensity of acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:637–644 Lansberg MG, Thijs VN, O’Brien MW, Ali Jo, De Crespigni AJ, Tong DC (2001) Evolution of apparent diffusion coefficient, diffusion-weighted, and T2-weighted signal intensity of acute stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 22:637–644
30.
go back to reference Thambisetty M, Biousse V, Newman NJ (2003) Hypertensive brainstem encephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. J Neurol Sci 208:93–99 Thambisetty M, Biousse V, Newman NJ (2003) Hypertensive brainstem encephalopathy: clinical and radiographic features. J Neurol Sci 208:93–99
Metadata
Title
Reversible encephalopathy syndrome: report of 12 cases with follow-up
Authors
S. Greco Crasto
L. Rizzo
P. Sardo
O. Davini
R. De Lucchi
Publication date
01-10-2004
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Neuroradiology / Issue 10/2004
Print ISSN: 0028-3940
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1920
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00234-004-1256-5

Other articles of this Issue 10/2004

Neuroradiology 10/2004 Go to the issue

Society News

ESNR-October 2004