Skip to main content
Key Specialties
Cardiology Diabetology Endocrinology Gastroenterology Geriatrics and Gerontology Gynecology and Obstetrics Hematology Infectious Disease Internal Medicine Nephrology Neurology Oncology Pediatrics Respiratory Medicine Rheumatology Surgery
Congress Coverage
2024 ACC Congress 2023 ESMO Congress 2023 EASD Congress 2023 ERS Congress 2023 ESC Congress
Clinical Collections
Advances in Alzheimer’s

At a glance: The STEP trials

A round-up of the STEP phase 3 clinical trials evaluating semaglutide for weight loss in people with overweight or obesity.
ADVANCED SEARCH
Log in
Top
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth
Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2014

Open Access 01-12-2014 | Research article

Retrospective analysis of the diagnostic yield of newborn drug testing

Authors: Kelly E Wood, Lori L Sinclair, Carolyn D Rysgaard, Frederick G Strathmann, Gwendolyn A McMillin, Matthew D Krasowski

Published in: BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth | Issue 1/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The objective of this study was to identify high-yield screening risk factors for detecting maternal non-medical drug use during pregnancy.

Methods

A four year retrospective analysis was conducted at an academic medical center. Detailed chart review of both the newborn and mother’s medical record was performed on all cases for which one or more drug(s) or metabolite(s) were identified and confirmed in meconium or urine.

Results

229 (9.2%) of 2,497 meconium samples out of 7,749 live births confirmed positive for one or more non-medical drugs. History of maternal non-medical drug and/or tobacco use in pregnancy was present in 90.8% of non-medical drug use cases. Addition of social risk factors and inadequate prenatal care increased the yield to 96.9%.

Conclusions

Use of focused screening criteria based on specific maternal and social risk factors may detect many prenatal non-medical drug exposures.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration: Results from the 2011 National Survey on Drug Use and Health: Summary of National Findings. NSDUH Series H-44. 2012, Rockville, MD: Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
2.
Lester BM, ElSohly M, Wright LL, Smeriglio VL, Verter J, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Bada HS, Walls HC, Huestis MA, Finnegan LP, Maza PL: The maternal lifestyle study: drug use by meconium toxicology and maternal self-report. Pediatrics. 2001, 107 (2): 309-317.CrossRefPubMed
3.
van Gelder MM, Reefhuis J, Caton AR, Werler MM, Druschel CM, Roeleveld N, National Birth Defects Prevention S: Characteristics of pregnant illicit drug users and associations between cannabis use and perinatal outcome in a population-based study. Drug Alcohol Depend. 2010, 109 (1–3): 243-247.CrossRefPubMed
4.
5.
Behnke M, Smith VC, Committee on Substance A, Committee on F, Newborn: Prenatal substance abuse: short- and long-term effects on the exposed fetus. Pediatrics. 2013, 131 (3): e1009-e1024.CrossRefPubMed
6.
Wong S, Ordean A, Kahan M: Substance use in pregnancy. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2011, 33 (4): 367-384.CrossRefPubMed
7.
Gateway CWI: Parental Drug use as Child Abuse. 2012, Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Children's Bureau
8.
Gray TR, Eiden RD, Leonard KE, Connors GJ, Shisler S, Huestis MA: Identifying prenatal cannabis exposure and effects of concurrent tobacco exposure on neonatal growth. Clin Chem. 2010, 56 (9): 1442-1450.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
9.
Farst KJ, Valentine JL, Hall RW: Drug testing for newborn exposure to illicit substances in pregnancy: pitfalls and pearls. Int J Pediatr. 2011, 2011: 951616-CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
10.
De Santis M, De Luca C, Mappa I, Quattrocchi T, Angelo L, Cesari E: Smoke, alcohol consumption and illicit drug use in an Italian population of pregnant women. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2011, 159 (1): 106-110.CrossRefPubMed
11.
McFarlane J, Parker B, Soeken K: Physical abuse, smoking, and substance use during pregnancy: prevalence, interrelationships, and effects on birth weight. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs. 1996, 25 (4): 313-320.CrossRefPubMed
12.
Schempf AH: Illicit drug use and neonatal outcomes: a critical review. Obstet Gynecol Surv. 2007, 62 (11): 749-757.CrossRefPubMed
13.
Smith LM, LaGasse LL, Derauf C, Grant P, Shah R, Arria A, Huestis M, Haning W, Strauss A, Della Grotta S, Liu J, Lester BM: The infant development, environment, and lifestyle study: effects of prenatal methamphetamine exposure, polydrug exposure, and poverty on intrauterine growth. Pediatrics. 2006, 118 (3): 1149-1156.CrossRefPubMed
14.
Creanga AA, Sabel JC, Ko JY, Wasserman CR, Shapiro-Mendoza CK, Taylor P, Barfield W, Cawthon L, Paulozzi LJ: Maternal drug use and its effect on neonates: a population-based study in Washington State. Obstet Gynecol. 2012, 119 (5): 924-933.CrossRefPubMed
15.
Oral R, Strang T: Neonatal illicit drug screening practices in Iowa: the impact of utilization of a structured screening protocol. J Perinatol. 2006, 26 (11): 660-666.CrossRefPubMed
16.
Marin SJ, Keith L, Merrell M, McMillin GA: Comparison of drugs of abuse detection in meconium by EMIT II and ELISA. J Anal Toxicol. 2009, 33 (3): 148-154.CrossRefPubMed
17.
Marin SJ, Merrell M, McMillin GA: Drugs of abuse detection in meconium: a comparison between ELISA and biochip microarray. J Anal Toxicol. 2011, 35 (1): 40-45.CrossRefPubMed
18.
Yee LM, Wu D: False-positive amphetamine toxicology screen results in three pregnant women using labetalol. Obstet Gynecol. 2011, 117 (2 Pt 2): 503-506.CrossRefPubMed
19.
Gaalema DE, Higgins ST, Pepin CS, Heil SH, Bernstein IM: Illicit drug use among pregnant women enrolled in treatment for cigarette smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2013, 15 (5): 987-991.CrossRefPubMed
20.
Bada HS, Das A, Bauer CR, Shankaran S, Lester BM, Gard CC, Wright LL, Lagasse L, Higgins R: Low birth weight and preterm births: etiologic fraction attributable to prenatal drug exposure. J Perinatol. 2005, 25 (10): 631-637.CrossRefPubMed
21.
Day N, Sambamoorthi U, Taylor P, Richardson G, Robles N, Jhon Y, Scher M, Stoffer D, Cornelius M, Jasperse D: Prenatal marijuana use and neonatal outcome. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 1991, 13 (3): 329-334.CrossRefPubMed
22.
Fergusson DM, Horwood LJ, Northstone K, Team AS: Maternal use of cannabis and pregnancy outcome. BJOG. 2002, 109 (1): 21-27.CrossRefPubMed
23.
van Gelder MM, Reefhuis J, Caton AR, Werler MM, Druschel CM, Roeleveld N, National Birth Defects Prevention S: Maternal periconceptional illicit drug use and the risk of congenital malformations. Epidemiology. 2009, 20 (1): 60-66.CrossRefPubMed
24.
Barakauskas VE, Davis R, Krasowski MD, McMillin GA: Unresolved discrepancies between cannabinoid test results for infant urine. Clin Chem. 2012, 58 (9): 1364-1367.CrossRefPubMed
25.
Cotten SW, Duncan DL, Burch EA, Seashore CJ, Hammett-Stabler CA: Unexpected interference of baby wash products with a cannabinoid (THC) immunoassay. Clin Biochem. 2012, 45 (9): 605-609.CrossRefPubMed
26.
Moller M, Karaskov T, Koren G: Opioid detection in maternal and neonatal hair and meconium: characterization of an at-risk population and implications to fetal toxicology. Ther Drug Monit. 2010, 32 (3): 318-323.CrossRefPubMed
27.
Buchi KF, Suarez C, Varner MW: The prevalence of prenatal opioid and other drug use in utah. Am J Perinatol. 2013, 30 (3): 241-244.PubMed
28.
Launiainen T, Nupponen I, Halmesmaki E, Ojanperä I: Meconium drug testing reveals maternal misuse of medicinal opioids among addicted mothers. Drug Test Anal. 2013, 5 (7): 529-533.CrossRefPubMed
Metadata
Title
Retrospective analysis of the diagnostic yield of newborn drug testing
Authors
Kelly E Wood
Lori L Sinclair
Carolyn D Rysgaard
Frederick G Strathmann
Gwendolyn A McMillin
Matthew D Krasowski
Publication date
01-12-2014
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth / Issue 1/2014
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2393
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-14-250

Other articles of this Issue 1/2014

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth 1/2014 Go to the issue

Research article

Female migrants, family members and community socio-demographic characteristics influence facility delivery in Rufiji, Tanzania

Research article

A comparison of the prevalence of prenatal alcohol exposure obtained via maternal self-reports versus meconium testing: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis

Research article

Lessons learned from the Philadelphia Collaborative Preterm Prevention Project: the prevalence of risk factors and program participation rates among women in the intervention group

Research article

Contribution of prepregnancy body mass index and gestational weight gain to caesarean birth in Canada

Study protocol

A randomised controlled trial on the Four Pillars Approach in managing pregnant women with anaemia in Yogyakarta–Indonesia: a study protocol

Research article

Anti-diabetic drug utilization of pregnant diabetic women in us managed care