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Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics 4/2021

Open Access 01-04-2021 | Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection | Original Article

Acute viral bronchiolitis as a cause of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome

Authors: Marwa M. H. Ghazaly, Nagla H. Abu Faddan, Duaa M. Raafat, Nagwa A. Mohammed, Simon Nadel

Published in: European Journal of Pediatrics | Issue 4/2021

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Abstract

The Pediatric Acute Lung Injury Consensus Conference (PALICC) published pediatric-specific guidelines for the definition, management, and research in pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome (PARDS). Acute viral bronchiolitis (AVB) remains one of the leading causes of admission to PICU. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of AVB. We aimed to evaluate the incidence of PARDS in AVB and identify the risk of RSV as a trigger pathogen for PARDS. This study is a retrospective single-center observational cohort study including children < 2 years of age admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit at St Mary’s Hospital, London, and presented with AVB in 3 years (2016–2018). Clinical and demographic data was collected; PALICC criteria were applied to define PARDS. Data was expressed as median (IQR range); non-parametric tests were used. In this study, 144 infants with acute viral bronchiolitis were admitted to PICU in the study period. Thirty-nine infants fulfilled criteria of PARDS with RSV as the most common virus identified. Bacterial infection was identified as a risk factor for development of PARDS in infants with AVB.
Conclusion: AVB is an important cause of PARDS in infants. RSV is associated with a higher risk of PARDS in AVB. Bacterial co-infection is a significant risk factor for development of PARDS in AVB.
What is Known:
Bronchiolitis is a common cause of respiratory failure in children under 2 years.
ARDS is a common cause of PICU admission.
What is New:
Evaluation of bronchiolitis as a cause of PARDS according to the PALLIC criteria.
Evaluation of different viruses’ outcome in PARDS especially RSV as a commonest cause of AVB.
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Metadata
Title
Acute viral bronchiolitis as a cause of pediatric acute respiratory distress syndrome
Authors
Marwa M. H. Ghazaly
Nagla H. Abu Faddan
Duaa M. Raafat
Nagwa A. Mohammed
Simon Nadel
Publication date
01-04-2021
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
European Journal of Pediatrics / Issue 4/2021
Print ISSN: 0340-6199
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1076
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-020-03852-9

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