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Malaria Journal
Published in: Malaria Journal 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Respiratory Microbiota | Research

Microbiota identified from preserved Anopheles

Authors: Bianca E Silva, Zvifadzo Matsena Zingoni, Lizette L. Koekemoer, Yael L. Dahan-Moss

Published in: Malaria Journal | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Background

Mosquito species from the Anopheles gambiae complex and the Anopheles funestus group are dominant African malaria vectors. Mosquito microbiota play vital roles in physiology and vector competence. Recent research has focused on investigating the mosquito microbiota, especially in wild populations. Wild mosquitoes are preserved and transported to a laboratory for analyses. Thus far, microbial characterization post-preservation has been investigated in only Aedes vexans and Culex pipiens. Investigating the efficacy of cost-effective preservatives has also been limited to AllProtect reagent, ethanol and nucleic acid preservation buffer. This study characterized the microbiota of African Anopheles vectors: Anopheles arabiensis (member of the An. gambiae complex) and An. funestus (member of the An. funestus group), preserved on silica desiccant and RNAlater® solution.

Methods

Microbial composition and diversity were characterized using culture-dependent (midgut dissections, culturomics, MALDI-TOF MS) and culture-independent techniques (abdominal dissections, DNA extraction, next-generation sequencing) from laboratory (colonized) and field-collected mosquitoes. Colonized mosquitoes were either fresh (non-preserved) or preserved for 4 and 12 weeks on silica or in RNAlater®. Microbiota were also characterized from field-collected An. arabiensis preserved on silica for 8, 12 and 16 weeks.

Results

Elizabethkingia anophelis and Serratia oryzae were common between both vector species, while Enterobacter cloacae and Staphylococcus epidermidis were specific to females and males, respectively. Microbial diversity was not influenced by sex, condition (fresh or preserved), preservative, or preservation time-period; however, the type of bacterial identification technique affected all microbial diversity indices.

Conclusions

This study broadly characterized the microbiota of An. arabiensis and An. funestus. Silica- and RNAlater®-preservation were appropriate when paired with culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, respectively. These results broaden the selection of cost-effective methods available for handling vector samples for downstream microbial analyses.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Microbiota identified from preserved Anopheles
Authors
Bianca E Silva
Zvifadzo Matsena Zingoni
Lizette L. Koekemoer
Yael L. Dahan-Moss
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Malaria Journal / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1475-2875
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-021-03754-7

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