Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Cancer Causes & Control 7/2014

01-07-2014 | Original paper

Reproductive history and the risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes in a prospective study of Norwegian women

Authors: Julie Horn, Signe Opdahl, Monica J. Engstrøm, Pål R. Romundstad, Steinar Tretli, Olav A. Haugen, Anna M. Bofin, Lars J. Vatten, Bjørn Olav Åsvold

Published in: Cancer Causes & Control | Issue 7/2014

Login to get access

Abstract

Purpose

Breast cancer can be classified into molecular subtypes that differ in clinical characteristics and prognosis. There is some but conflicting evidence that reproductive risk factors may differ between distinct breast cancer subtypes.

Methods

We investigated associations of reproductive factors with the risk for six molecular breast cancer subtypes in a cohort of 21,532 Norwegian women who were born between 1886 and 1928 and followed up for breast cancer incidence between 1961 and 2008. We obtained stored tumor tissue from incident breast cancers and used immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization to classify 825 invasive tumors into three luminal subtypes [Luminal A, Luminal B (HER2−) and Luminal B (HER2+)] and three non-luminal subtypes [human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) subtype, basal-like phenotype (BP) and five negative phenotype (5NP)]. We used Cox regression to assess reproductive factors and risk for each subtype.

Results

We found that young age at menarche, old age at first birth and low parity were associated with increased risk for luminal breast cancer subtypes. For the HER2 subtype, we either found no association or associations in the opposite direction compared to the luminal subtypes. The BP subtype appeared to have a similar reproductive risk profile as the luminal subtypes. Breastfeeding was associated with a reduced risk for HER2 and 5NP subtypes, but was not associated with any other subtype.

Conclusions

The results suggest that molecular breast cancer subtypes differ in their reproductive risk factors, but associations with non-luminal subtypes are still poorly understood and warrant further study.
Literature
1.
go back to reference Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast C (2002) Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet 360(9328):187–195. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)09454-0 CrossRef Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast C (2002) Breast cancer and breastfeeding: collaborative reanalysis of individual data from 47 epidemiological studies in 30 countries, including 50302 women with breast cancer and 96973 women without the disease. Lancet 360(9328):187–195. doi:10.​1016/​S0140-6736(02)09454-0 CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Kelsey JL, Gammon MD, John EM (1993) Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 15(1):36–47PubMed Kelsey JL, Gammon MD, John EM (1993) Reproductive factors and breast cancer. Epidemiol Rev 15(1):36–47PubMed
3.
go back to reference Althuis MD, Fergenbaum JH, Garcia-Closas M, Brinton LA, Madigan MP, Sherman ME (2004) Etiology of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 13(10):1558–1568 A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Althuis MD, Fergenbaum JH, Garcia-Closas M, Brinton LA, Madigan MP, Sherman ME (2004) Etiology of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer: a systematic review of the literature. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 13(10):1558–1568 A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
4.
go back to reference Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, Fluge O, Pergamenschikov A, Williams C, Zhu SX, Lonning PE, Borresen-Dale AL, Brown PO, Botstein D (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406(6797):747–752. doi:10.1038/35021093 PubMedCrossRef Perou CM, Sorlie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Rees CA, Pollack JR, Ross DT, Johnsen H, Akslen LA, Fluge O, Pergamenschikov A, Williams C, Zhu SX, Lonning PE, Borresen-Dale AL, Brown PO, Botstein D (2000) Molecular portraits of human breast tumours. Nature 406(6797):747–752. doi:10.​1038/​35021093 PubMedCrossRef
5.
go back to reference Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Thorsen T, Quist H, Matese JC, Brown PO, Botstein D, Lonning PE, Borresen-Dale AL (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(19):10869–10874. doi:10.1073/pnas.191367098 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Sorlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Thorsen T, Quist H, Matese JC, Brown PO, Botstein D, Lonning PE, Borresen-Dale AL (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implications. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98(19):10869–10874. doi:10.​1073/​pnas.​191367098 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
6.
7.
go back to reference Millikan RC, Newman B, Tse CK, Moorman PG, Conway K, Dressler LG, Smith LV, Labbok MH, Geradts J, Bensen JT, Jackson S, Nyante S, Livasy C, Carey L, Earp HS, Perou CM (2008) Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 109(1):123–139. doi:10.1007/s10549-007-9632-6 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Millikan RC, Newman B, Tse CK, Moorman PG, Conway K, Dressler LG, Smith LV, Labbok MH, Geradts J, Bensen JT, Jackson S, Nyante S, Livasy C, Carey L, Earp HS, Perou CM (2008) Epidemiology of basal-like breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 109(1):123–139. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-007-9632-6 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
9.
go back to reference Phipps AI, Chlebowski RT, Prentice R, McTiernan A, Wactawski-Wende J, Kuller LH, Adams-Campbell LL, Lane D, Stefanick ML, Vitolins M, Kabat GC, Rohan TE, Li CI (2011) Reproductive history and oral contraceptive use in relation to risk of triple-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 103(6):470–477. doi:10.1093/jnci/djr030 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Phipps AI, Chlebowski RT, Prentice R, McTiernan A, Wactawski-Wende J, Kuller LH, Adams-Campbell LL, Lane D, Stefanick ML, Vitolins M, Kabat GC, Rohan TE, Li CI (2011) Reproductive history and oral contraceptive use in relation to risk of triple-negative breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 103(6):470–477. doi:10.​1093/​jnci/​djr030 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
10.
go back to reference Cheang MC, Chia SK, Voduc D, Gao D, Leung S, Snider J, Watson M, Davies S, Bernard PS, Parker JS, Perou CM, Ellis MJ, Nielsen TO (2009) Ki67 index, HER2 status, and prognosis of patients with luminal B breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 101(10):736–750. doi:10.1093/jnci/djp082 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Cheang MC, Chia SK, Voduc D, Gao D, Leung S, Snider J, Watson M, Davies S, Bernard PS, Parker JS, Perou CM, Ellis MJ, Nielsen TO (2009) Ki67 index, HER2 status, and prognosis of patients with luminal B breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 101(10):736–750. doi:10.​1093/​jnci/​djp082 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
11.
go back to reference Hammond ME, Hayes DF, Wolff AC, Mangu PB, Temin S (2010) American society of clinical oncology/college of american pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Oncol Pract 6(4):195–197. doi:10.1200/JOP.777003 American Society of Clinical OncologyPubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Hammond ME, Hayes DF, Wolff AC, Mangu PB, Temin S (2010) American society of clinical oncology/college of american pathologists guideline recommendations for immunohistochemical testing of estrogen and progesterone receptors in breast cancer. J Oncol Pract 6(4):195–197. doi:10.​1200/​JOP.​777003 American Society of Clinical OncologyPubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
12.
go back to reference Engstrom MJ, Opdahl S, Hagen AI, Romundstad PR, Akslen LA, Haugen OA, Vatten LJ, Bofin AM (2013) Molecular subtypes, histopathological grade and survival in a historic cohort of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. doi:10.1007/s10549-013-2647-2 PubMedCentralPubMed Engstrom MJ, Opdahl S, Hagen AI, Romundstad PR, Akslen LA, Haugen OA, Vatten LJ, Bofin AM (2013) Molecular subtypes, histopathological grade and survival in a historic cohort of breast cancer patients. Breast Cancer Res Treat. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-013-2647-2 PubMedCentralPubMed
13.
go back to reference Kvale G, Heuch I (1987) A prospective study of reproductive factors and breast cancer. II. Age at first and last birth. Am J Epidemiol 126(5):842–850PubMed Kvale G, Heuch I (1987) A prospective study of reproductive factors and breast cancer. II. Age at first and last birth. Am J Epidemiol 126(5):842–850PubMed
14.
go back to reference Lakhani SR, Ellis IO, Schnitt SJ, Tan PH, Van de Vijver MJ (2012) WHO classification of tumours of the breast. IARC, Lyon Lakhani SR, Ellis IO, Schnitt SJ, Tan PH, Van de Vijver MJ (2012) WHO classification of tumours of the breast. IARC, Lyon
15.
go back to reference Elston CW, Ellis IO (1991) Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 19(5):403–410PubMedCrossRef Elston CW, Ellis IO (1991) Pathological prognostic factors in breast cancer. I. The value of histological grade in breast cancer: experience from a large study with long-term follow-up. Histopathology 19(5):403–410PubMedCrossRef
16.
go back to reference Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Hankinson SE (2004) Risk factors for breast cancer according to estrogen and progesterone receptor status. J Natl Cancer Inst 96(3):218–228PubMedCrossRef Colditz GA, Rosner BA, Chen WY, Holmes MD, Hankinson SE (2004) Risk factors for breast cancer according to estrogen and progesterone receptor status. J Natl Cancer Inst 96(3):218–228PubMedCrossRef
17.
go back to reference Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Hankinson SE (2013) Breast cancer risk prediction with heterogeneous risk profiles according to breast cancer tumor markers. Am J Epidemiol 178(2):296–308. doi:10.1093/aje/kws457 PubMedCrossRef Rosner B, Glynn RJ, Tamimi RM, Chen WY, Colditz GA, Willett WC, Hankinson SE (2013) Breast cancer risk prediction with heterogeneous risk profiles according to breast cancer tumor markers. Am J Epidemiol 178(2):296–308. doi:10.​1093/​aje/​kws457 PubMedCrossRef
18.
19.
go back to reference Bergsjø P (1984) Comments on the use of oestrogens 1979–83. In: Øydvin K (ed) Drug consumption in Norway. Norsk medisinaldepot, Oslo, pp 114–115 Bergsjø P (1984) Comments on the use of oestrogens 1979–83. In: Øydvin K (ed) Drug consumption in Norway. Norsk medisinaldepot, Oslo, pp 114–115
20.
go back to reference Hofvind S, Sakshaug S, Ursin G, Graff-Iversen S (2012) Breast cancer incidence trends in Norway–explained by hormone therapy or mammographic screening? Int J Cancer J Int du cancer 130(12):2930–2938. doi:10.1002/ijc.26280 CrossRef Hofvind S, Sakshaug S, Ursin G, Graff-Iversen S (2012) Breast cancer incidence trends in Norway–explained by hormone therapy or mammographic screening? Int J Cancer J Int du cancer 130(12):2930–2938. doi:10.​1002/​ijc.​26280 CrossRef
21.
22.
23.
go back to reference Cheang MC, Voduc D, Bajdik C, Leung S, McKinney S, Chia SK, Perou CM, Nielsen TO (2008) Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype. Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res 14(5):1368–1376. doi:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-07-1658 CrossRef Cheang MC, Voduc D, Bajdik C, Leung S, McKinney S, Chia SK, Perou CM, Nielsen TO (2008) Basal-like breast cancer defined by five biomarkers has superior prognostic value than triple-negative phenotype. Clin Cancer Res Off J Am Assoc Cancer Res 14(5):1368–1376. doi:10.​1158/​1078-0432.​CCR-07-1658 CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Strand C, Bak M, Borgquist S, Chebil G, Falck AK, Fjallskog ML, Grabau D, Hedenfalk I, Jirstrom K, Klintman M, Malmstrom P, Olsson H, Ryden L, Stal O, Bendahl PO, Ferno M (2013) The combination of Ki67, histological grade and estrogen receptor status identifies a low-risk group among 1,854 chemo-naive women with N0/N1 primary breast cancer. SpringerPlus 2(1):111. doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-111 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Strand C, Bak M, Borgquist S, Chebil G, Falck AK, Fjallskog ML, Grabau D, Hedenfalk I, Jirstrom K, Klintman M, Malmstrom P, Olsson H, Ryden L, Stal O, Bendahl PO, Ferno M (2013) The combination of Ki67, histological grade and estrogen receptor status identifies a low-risk group among 1,854 chemo-naive women with N0/N1 primary breast cancer. SpringerPlus 2(1):111. doi:10.​1186/​2193-1801-2-111 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
25.
go back to reference Ma H, Bernstein L, Pike MC, Ursin G (2006) Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk according to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Breast Cancer Res BCR 8(4):R43. doi:10.1186/bcr1525 CrossRef Ma H, Bernstein L, Pike MC, Ursin G (2006) Reproductive factors and breast cancer risk according to joint estrogen and progesterone receptor status: a meta-analysis of epidemiological studies. Breast Cancer Res BCR 8(4):R43. doi:10.​1186/​bcr1525 CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Yang XR, Chang-Claude J, Goode EL, Couch FJ, Nevanlinna H, Milne RL, Gaudet M, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Cox A, Fasching PA, Hein R, Spurdle AB, Blows F, Driver K, Flesch-Janys D, Heinz J, Sinn P, Vrieling A, Heikkinen T, Aittomaki K, Heikkila P, Blomqvist C, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Chanock S, Figueroa J, Brinton L, Hall P, Czene K, Humphreys K, Darabi H, Liu J, Van ‘t Veer LJ, van Leeuwen FE, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Knight JA, Mulligan AM, O’Malley FP, Weerasooriya N, John EM, Beckmann MW, Hartmann A, Weihbrecht SB, Wachter DL, Jud SM, Loehberg CR, Baglietto L, English DR, Giles GG, McLean CA, Severi G, Lambrechts D, Vandorpe T, Weltens C, Paridaens R, Smeets A, Neven P, Wildiers H, Wang X, Olson JE, Cafourek V, Fredericksen Z, Kosel M, Vachon C, Cramp HE, Connley D, Cross SS, Balasubramanian SP, Reed MW, Dork T, Bremer M, Meyer A, Karstens JH, Ay A, Park-Simon TW, Hillemanns P, Arias Perez JI, Menendez Rodriguez P, Zamora P, Benitez J, Ko YD, Fischer HP, Hamann U, Pesch B, Bruning T, Justenhoven C, Brauch H, Eccles DM, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson IP, Jones A, Kerin M, Miller N, McInerney N, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Yang SL, Yu JC, Chen ST, Hsu GC, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Gorski B, Gronwald J, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AM, Jager A, Kriege M, Tilanus-Linthorst MM, Collee M, Wang-Gohrke S, Pylkas K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Mononen K, Grip M, Hirvikoski P, Winqvist R, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Kauppinen J, Kataja V, Auvinen P, Soini Y, Sironen R, Bojesen SE, Orsted DD, Kaur-Knudsen D, Flyger H, Nordestgaard BG, Holland H, Chenevix-Trench G, Manoukian S, Barile M, Radice P, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Tamimi R, Sangrajrang S, Brennan P, McKay J, Odefrey F, Gaborieau V, Devilee P, Huijts PE, Tollenaar RA, Seynaeve C, Dite GS, Apicella C, Hopper JL, Hammet F, Tsimiklis H, Smith LD, Southey MC, Humphreys MK, Easton D, Pharoah P, Sherman ME, Garcia-Closas M (2011) Associations of breast cancer risk factors with tumor subtypes: a pooled analysis from the breast cancer association consortium studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 103(3):250–263. doi:10.1093/jnci/djq526 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Yang XR, Chang-Claude J, Goode EL, Couch FJ, Nevanlinna H, Milne RL, Gaudet M, Schmidt MK, Broeks A, Cox A, Fasching PA, Hein R, Spurdle AB, Blows F, Driver K, Flesch-Janys D, Heinz J, Sinn P, Vrieling A, Heikkinen T, Aittomaki K, Heikkila P, Blomqvist C, Lissowska J, Peplonska B, Chanock S, Figueroa J, Brinton L, Hall P, Czene K, Humphreys K, Darabi H, Liu J, Van ‘t Veer LJ, van Leeuwen FE, Andrulis IL, Glendon G, Knight JA, Mulligan AM, O’Malley FP, Weerasooriya N, John EM, Beckmann MW, Hartmann A, Weihbrecht SB, Wachter DL, Jud SM, Loehberg CR, Baglietto L, English DR, Giles GG, McLean CA, Severi G, Lambrechts D, Vandorpe T, Weltens C, Paridaens R, Smeets A, Neven P, Wildiers H, Wang X, Olson JE, Cafourek V, Fredericksen Z, Kosel M, Vachon C, Cramp HE, Connley D, Cross SS, Balasubramanian SP, Reed MW, Dork T, Bremer M, Meyer A, Karstens JH, Ay A, Park-Simon TW, Hillemanns P, Arias Perez JI, Menendez Rodriguez P, Zamora P, Benitez J, Ko YD, Fischer HP, Hamann U, Pesch B, Bruning T, Justenhoven C, Brauch H, Eccles DM, Tapper WJ, Gerty SM, Sawyer EJ, Tomlinson IP, Jones A, Kerin M, Miller N, McInerney N, Anton-Culver H, Ziogas A, Shen CY, Hsiung CN, Wu PE, Yang SL, Yu JC, Chen ST, Hsu GC, Haiman CA, Henderson BE, Le Marchand L, Kolonel LN, Lindblom A, Margolin S, Jakubowska A, Lubinski J, Huzarski T, Byrski T, Gorski B, Gronwald J, Hooning MJ, Hollestelle A, van den Ouweland AM, Jager A, Kriege M, Tilanus-Linthorst MM, Collee M, Wang-Gohrke S, Pylkas K, Jukkola-Vuorinen A, Mononen K, Grip M, Hirvikoski P, Winqvist R, Mannermaa A, Kosma VM, Kauppinen J, Kataja V, Auvinen P, Soini Y, Sironen R, Bojesen SE, Orsted DD, Kaur-Knudsen D, Flyger H, Nordestgaard BG, Holland H, Chenevix-Trench G, Manoukian S, Barile M, Radice P, Hankinson SE, Hunter DJ, Tamimi R, Sangrajrang S, Brennan P, McKay J, Odefrey F, Gaborieau V, Devilee P, Huijts PE, Tollenaar RA, Seynaeve C, Dite GS, Apicella C, Hopper JL, Hammet F, Tsimiklis H, Smith LD, Southey MC, Humphreys MK, Easton D, Pharoah P, Sherman ME, Garcia-Closas M (2011) Associations of breast cancer risk factors with tumor subtypes: a pooled analysis from the breast cancer association consortium studies. J Natl Cancer Inst 103(3):250–263. doi:10.​1093/​jnci/​djq526 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
27.
go back to reference Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Wise LA, Ambrosone CB, Adams-Campbell LL, Rosenberg L (2011) Parity and lactation in relation to estrogen receptor negative breast cancer in African American women. Cancer Epidemio Biomark Prev 20(9):1883–1891. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-11-0465 A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive OncologyCrossRef Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Wise LA, Ambrosone CB, Adams-Campbell LL, Rosenberg L (2011) Parity and lactation in relation to estrogen receptor negative breast cancer in African American women. Cancer Epidemio Biomark Prev 20(9):1883–1891. doi:10.​1158/​1055-9965.​EPI-11-0465 A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive OncologyCrossRef
28.
go back to reference Ursin G, Bernstein L, Lord SJ, Karim R, Deapen D, Press MF, Daling JR, Norman SA, Liff JM, Marchbanks PA, Folger SG, Simon MS, Strom BL, Burkman RT, Weiss LK, Spirtas R (2005) Reproductive factors and subtypes of breast cancer defined by hormone receptor and histology. Br J Cancer 93(3):364–371. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602712 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Ursin G, Bernstein L, Lord SJ, Karim R, Deapen D, Press MF, Daling JR, Norman SA, Liff JM, Marchbanks PA, Folger SG, Simon MS, Strom BL, Burkman RT, Weiss LK, Spirtas R (2005) Reproductive factors and subtypes of breast cancer defined by hormone receptor and histology. Br J Cancer 93(3):364–371. doi:10.​1038/​sj.​bjc.​6602712 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
29.
go back to reference Yang XR, Sherman ME, Rimm DL, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Peplonska B, Hewitt SM, Anderson WF, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Zatonski W, Cartun R, Mandich D, Rymkiewicz G, Ligaj M, Lukaszek S, Kordek R, Garcia-Closas M (2007) Differences in risk factors for breast cancer molecular subtypes in a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 16(3):439–443. doi:10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-06-0806 A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive OncologyCrossRef Yang XR, Sherman ME, Rimm DL, Lissowska J, Brinton LA, Peplonska B, Hewitt SM, Anderson WF, Szeszenia-Dabrowska N, Bardin-Mikolajczak A, Zatonski W, Cartun R, Mandich D, Rymkiewicz G, Ligaj M, Lukaszek S, Kordek R, Garcia-Closas M (2007) Differences in risk factors for breast cancer molecular subtypes in a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 16(3):439–443. doi:10.​1158/​1055-9965.​EPI-06-0806 A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive OncologyCrossRef
30.
go back to reference Kwan ML, Kushi LH, Weltzien E, Maring B, Kutner SE, Fulton RS, Lee MM, Ambrosone CB, Caan BJ (2009) Epidemiology of breast cancer subtypes in two prospective cohort studies of breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res BCR 11(3):R31. doi:10.1186/bcr2261 CrossRef Kwan ML, Kushi LH, Weltzien E, Maring B, Kutner SE, Fulton RS, Lee MM, Ambrosone CB, Caan BJ (2009) Epidemiology of breast cancer subtypes in two prospective cohort studies of breast cancer survivors. Breast Cancer Res BCR 11(3):R31. doi:10.​1186/​bcr2261 CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Li CI, Beaber EF, Tang MT, Porter PL, Daling JR, Malone KE (2013) Reproductive factors and risk of estrogen receptor positive, triple-negative, and HER2-neu overexpressing breast cancer among women 20-44 years of age. Breast Cancer Res Treat 137(2):579–587. doi:10.1007/s10549-012-2365-1 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef Li CI, Beaber EF, Tang MT, Porter PL, Daling JR, Malone KE (2013) Reproductive factors and risk of estrogen receptor positive, triple-negative, and HER2-neu overexpressing breast cancer among women 20-44 years of age. Breast Cancer Res Treat 137(2):579–587. doi:10.​1007/​s10549-012-2365-1 PubMedCentralPubMedCrossRef
34.
go back to reference Huang WY, Newman B, Millikan RC, Conway K, Hulka BS, Schell MJ, Liu ET (2000) Risk of breast cancer according to the status of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 9(1):65–71 A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology Huang WY, Newman B, Millikan RC, Conway K, Hulka BS, Schell MJ, Liu ET (2000) Risk of breast cancer according to the status of HER-2/neu oncogene amplification. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 9(1):65–71 A publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology
Metadata
Title
Reproductive history and the risk of molecular breast cancer subtypes in a prospective study of Norwegian women
Authors
Julie Horn
Signe Opdahl
Monica J. Engstrøm
Pål R. Romundstad
Steinar Tretli
Olav A. Haugen
Anna M. Bofin
Lars J. Vatten
Bjørn Olav Åsvold
Publication date
01-07-2014
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Published in
Cancer Causes & Control / Issue 7/2014
Print ISSN: 0957-5243
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7225
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-014-0388-0

Other articles of this Issue 7/2014

Cancer Causes & Control 7/2014 Go to the issue
Webinar | 19-02-2024 | 17:30 (CET)

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on antibody–drug conjugates in cancer

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are novel agents that have shown promise across multiple tumor types. Explore the current landscape of ADCs in breast and lung cancer with our experts, and gain insights into the mechanism of action, key clinical trials data, existing challenges, and future directions.

Dr. Véronique Diéras
Prof. Fabrice Barlesi
Developed by: Springer Medicine