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Breast Cancer Research
Published in: Breast Cancer Research 1/2017

Open Access 01-12-2017 | Research article

Reproductive factors and the risk of triple-negative breast cancer in white women and African-American women: a pooled analysis

Authors: Huiyan Ma, Giske Ursin, Xinxin Xu, Eunjung Lee, Kayo Togawa, Lei Duan, Yani Lu, Kathleen E. Malone, Polly A. Marchbanks, Jill A. McDonald, Michael S. Simon, Suzanne G. Folger, Jane Sullivan-Halley, Dennis M. Deapen, Michael F. Press, Leslie Bernstein

Published in: Breast Cancer Research | Issue 1/2017

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Abstract

Background

Early age at menarche, nulliparity, late age at first completed pregnancy, and never having breastfed, are established breast cancer risk factors. However, among breast cancer subtypes, it remains unclear whether all of these are risk factors for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC).

Methods

We evaluated the associations of these reproductive factors with TNBC, in 2658 patients with breast cancer (including 554 with TNBC) and 2448 controls aged 20–64 years, who participated in one of the three population-based case-control studies: the Women’s Contraceptive and Reproductive Experiences Study, the Women’s Breast Carcinoma in situ Study, or the Women’s Learning the Influence of Family and Environment Study. We used multivariable polychotomous unconditional logistic regression methods to conduct case-control comparisons among breast cancer subtypes defined by estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 expression status.

Results

TNBC risk decreased with increasing duration of breastfeeding (P trend = 0.006), but age at menarche, age at first completed pregnancy, and nulliparity were not associated with risk of TNBC. Parous women who breastfed for at least one year had a 31% lower risk of TNBC than parous women who had never breastfed (odds ratio, OR = 0.69; 95% confidence interval, CI = 0.50–0.96). The association between breastfeeding and risk of TNBC was modified by age and race. Parous African-American women aged 20–44 years who breastfed for 6 months or longer had an 82% lower risk of TNBC than their counterparts who had never breastfed (OR = 0.18, 95% CI = 0.07–0.46).

Conclusions

Our data indicate that breastfeeding decreases the risk of TNBC, especially for younger African-American women.
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Metadata
Title
Reproductive factors and the risk of triple-negative breast cancer in white women and African-American women: a pooled analysis
Authors
Huiyan Ma
Giske Ursin
Xinxin Xu
Eunjung Lee
Kayo Togawa
Lei Duan
Yani Lu
Kathleen E. Malone
Polly A. Marchbanks
Jill A. McDonald
Michael S. Simon
Suzanne G. Folger
Jane Sullivan-Halley
Dennis M. Deapen
Michael F. Press
Leslie Bernstein
Publication date
01-12-2017
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
Breast Cancer Research / Issue 1/2017
Electronic ISSN: 1465-542X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13058-016-0799-9

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