Top

Acta Neurologica Belgica

Published in:

01-06-2020 | Original article

Relationship of leptin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor levels with body mass index and disease severity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

Authors: Tuba Tülay Koca, Ejder Berk, Muhammet Seyithanoğlu, Burhan Fatih Koçyiğit, Adnan Demirel

Published in: Acta Neurologica Belgica | Issue 3/2020

Abstract

Objective

A high prevalence of obesity in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) predisposes patients to metabolic changes. It is not clear how the clinical manifestations of the disease affect metabolism. This study aimed to investigate leptin, growth hormone (GH), and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1) levels in FMS, and their relationship with body mass index (BMI) and disease severity.

Method

This case–control study included 60 patients with FMS and 42 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. BMIs were recorded for all participants. The disease severity was assessed using the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ) and a visual analog scale (VAS). The serum levels of leptin, GH, and IGF-1 of all participants were measured using specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.

Results

Both groups had similar age (p = 0.058), sex (p = 0.25), and BMI (p = 0.29) distribution. The mean age of the FMS and the control groups was 40.7 ± 10.8 years and 36.2 ± 13.6 years, respectively. The mean BMI was 26.7 kg/m² in the FMS group. The GH (p = 0.037) and IGF-1 (p = 0.002) levels were statistically lower, and leptin (p = 0.002) levels were considerably higher in the FMS group than in the control group. The leptin values were positively correlated with age (p = 0.001; r = 0.386) and BMI (p < 0.001; r = 445). Insulin-like growth factor levels were negatively correlated with age (p < 0.001; r = − 0.605) and BMI (p < 0.001; r = − 0.564). Similarly, GH levels were negatively correlated with age (p = 0.040; r = − 0.243) and BMI (p < 0.001; p = − 0.420). None of the three hormones were associated with FIQ and VAS.

Conclusion

We found that leptin (high), GH (low), and IGF-1 (low) levels were statistically different, together with being independent of disease severity (FIQ, VAS), and correlated with BMI in the FMS group. These findings may be related with hypothalamo-pituitary axis dysfunction, BMI, and energy metabolism.

Talotta R, Bazzichi L, Di Franco M, Casale R, Batticciotto A, Gerardi MC, Sarzi-Puttini P (2017) One year in review 2017: fibromyalgia. Clin Exp Rheumatol 35(Suppl 105):6–12PubMed

Rossi A, Di Lollo AC, Guzzo MP, Giacomelli C, Atzeni F, Bazzichi L, Di Franco M (2015) Fibromyalgia and nutrition: what news? Clin Exp Rheumatol 33(1:88):S117-25PubMed

Metyas S, Rezk T, Arkfeld D, Leptich T (2017) Autoinflammation and immunomodulation in inflammatory fibromyalgia syndrome—a review. Curr Rheumatol Rev 13(2):98–102. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573397112666160919120530 CrossRefPubMed

Homann D, Carvalho HM, Stefanello JM, Góes SM, Lopes AL, de Oliveira AR et al (2014) Hyperleptinemia independent of body adiposity in women with fibromyalgia. Rheumatol Int 34(11):1593–1598. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00296-014-2988-0(Epub 2014 Mar 27) CrossRefPubMed

Rossi A, Di Lollo AC, Guzzo MP, Giacomelli C, Atzeni F, Bazzichi L, Di Franco M (2015) Fibromyalgia and nutrition: what news? Clin Exp Rheumatol 33(1:88):S117–S125PubMed

Farr OM, Gavrieli A, Mantzoros CS (2015) Leptin applications in 2015: what have we learned about leptin and obesity? Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes 22(5):353–359. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000184 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Wasim M, Awan FR, Najam SS, Khan AR, Khan HN (2016) Role of leptin deficiency, inefficiency, and leptin receptors in obesity. Biochem Genet 54(5):565–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10528-016-9751-z CrossRefPubMed

Younger J, Kapphahn K, Brennan K, Sullivan SD, Stefanick ML (2016) Association of Leptin with Body Pain in Women. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 25(7):752–760. https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2015.5509(Epub 2016 Mar 30) CrossRef

Malemud CJ (2012) The basis for medical therapy of fibromyalgia with growth hormone. Pain 153(7):1342–1343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.03.030 CrossRefPubMed

10.

Bennett RM (2002) Adult growth hormone deficiency in patients with fibromyalgia. Curr Rheumatol Rep 4:306–312CrossRef

11.

Denko CW, Malemud CJ (2005) Serum growth hormone and insulin, but not insulin like growth factor levels are elevated in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Rheumatol Int 25:146–151CrossRef

12.

Bjersing JL, Erlandsson M, Bokarewa MI, Mannerkorpi K (2013) Exercise and obesity in fibromyalgia: beneficial roles of IGF-1 and resistin? Arthritis Res Ther. Feb 27;15(1):R34. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar4187 CrossRef

13.

Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB et al (1990) The American College of Rheumatology 1990 Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia. Report of the multicenter criteria committee. Arthritis Rheum 33:160–72CrossRef

14.

Burckhardt CS, Clark SR, Bennett RM (1991) The Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire: developed and validation. J Rheumatol 18:728–733PubMed

15.

Bokarewa MI, Erlandsson MC, Bjersing J, Dehlin M, Mannerkorpi K (2014) Smoking is associated with reduced leptin and neuropeptide Y levels and higher pain experience in patients with fibromyalgia. Mediators Inflamm 2014:627041. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/627041(Epub 2014 Aug 14) CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

16.

Paiva ES, Andretta A, Batista ED, Lobo MMMT, Miranda RC, Nisihara R et al. Serum levels of leptin and adiponectin and clinical parameters in women with fibromyalgia and overweight/obesity. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2017 May-Jun;61(3):249–256. https://doi.org/10.1590/2359-3997000000248(Epub 2017 Feb 13) CrossRef

17.

Olama SM, Elsaid TO, El-Arman M (2013 Oct) Serum leptin in Egyptian patients with fibromyalgia syndrome: relation to disease severity. Int J RheumDis 16(5):583–589. https://doi.org/10.1111/1756-185X.12155 CrossRef

18.

Ataoğlu S, Ankaralı H, Samancı R, Özşahin M, Admış Ö. The relations between serum leptin level with disease Activity and inflammatory markers in fibromyalgia patients. North Clinİstanb. https://doi.org/10.14744/nci.2017.31644

19.

Cuatrecasas G, Alegre C, Casanueva FF (2014) GH/IGF1 axis disturbances in the fibromyalgia syndrome: is there a rationale for GH treatment? Pituitary 17(3):277–283. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11102-013-0486-0 CrossRefPubMed

20.

Neseliler S, Hu W, Larcher K, Zacchia M, Dadar M, Scala SG, Lamarche M, Zeighami Y, Stotland SC, Larocque M, Marliss EB, Dagher A (2018) Neurocognitive and hormonal correlates of voluntary weight loss in humans. Cell Metab. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.024 CrossRefPubMed

21.

Jones KD, Deodhar P, Lorentzen A, Bennett RM, Deodhar AA (2007) Growth hormone perturbations in fibromyalgia: a review. Semin Arthritis Rheum 36(6):357–379CrossRef

22.

Cuatrecasas G (2009) Fibromyalgic syndromes: could growth hormone therapy be beneficial? Pediatr Endocrinol Rev 6(Suppl 4):529–533PubMed

23.

Cuatrecasas G, Riudavets C, Güell MA (2007) Growth hormone as concomitant treatment in severe fibromyalgia associated with low IGF-1 serum levels. A pilot study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 8:119CrossRef

24.

Yuen KC, Bennett RM, Hryciw CA, Cook MB, Rhoads SA, Cook DM (2007) Is further evaluation for growth hormone (GH) deficiency necessary in fibromyalgia patients with low serum insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I levels? Growth Horm. IGF Res 17(1):82–88 (Epub 2007 Feb 6)

25.

Rigamonti AE, Grugni G, Arreghini M, Capodaglio P, De Col A, Agosti F et al (2017) GH responsiveness to combined gh-releasing hormone and arginine administration in obese patients with fibromyalgia syndrome. Int J Endocrinol 2017:3106041. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/3106041(Epub 2017 Jun 28) CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

26.

Bjersing JL, Dehlin M, Erlandsson M, Bokarewa MI, Mannerkorpi K (2012) Changes in pain and insulin-like growth factor 1 in fibromyalgia during exercise: the involvement of cerebrospinal inflammatory factors and neuropeptides. Arthritis Res Ther 14(4):R162. https://doi.org/10.1186/ar3902 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

27.

Mannerkorpi K, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Larsson A, Cider Å, Arodell O, Bjersing JL (2017) Acute effects of physical exercise on the serum insulin-like growth factor system in women with fibromyalgia.BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 18(1):37. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12891-017-1402-y

28.

Cuatrecasas G, Gonzalez MJ, Alegre C, Sesmilo G, Fernandez-Solà J, Casanueva FF et al (2010) High prevalence of growth hormone deficiency in severe fibromyalgia syndromes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95(9):4331–7. https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0061(Epub 2010 Jul 14) CrossRefPubMed

Title: Relationship of leptin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor levels with body mass index and disease severity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Tuba Tülay Koca
Ejder Berk
Muhammet Seyithanoğlu
Burhan Fatih Koçyiğit
Adnan Demirel
Publication date: 01-06-2020
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: Acta Neurologica Belgica / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 0300-9009
Electronic ISSN: 2240-2993
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13760-018-01063-6

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Relationship of leptin, growth hormone, and insulin-like growth factor levels with body mass index and disease severity in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome

Abstract

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Objective

Method

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2020

Optical coherence tomography of the optic nerve head before and after optic nerve sheath fenestration for idiopathic intracranial hypertension

Involvement of glutamate receptors of the paragigantocellularis lateralis nucleus in the pain modulatory effect of 17β-estradiol in male rats

A novel heteroplasmic mutation in mitochondrial tRNAArg gene associated with non-dystrophic myotonias

Mosaic chromosome 5p tetrasomy: eye closure-induced seizures in a rare neurocutaneous syndrome

Post-traumatic central non-pupil-sparing oculomotor palsy: a case report

Graft-versus-host disease-related neuropathy: AMAN phenotype with improvement after plasmapheresis