Top

BMC Public Health

Published in:

Open Access 01-12-2009 | Research article

Pulmonary tuberculosis among women with cough attending clinics for family planning and maternal and child health in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Authors: Esther S Ngadaya, Godfrey S Mfinanga, Eliud R Wandwalo, Odd Morkve

Published in: BMC Public Health | Issue 1/2009

Abstract

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) case detection in women has remained low in developing world. This study was conducted to determine the proportion of smear positive TB among women with cough regardless of the duration attending family Planning (FP) and Maternal and child health (MCH) clinics in Dar es Salaam.

Methods

We conducted a cross sectional study in all three municipal hospitals of Dar es Salaam, between October 2007 and June 2008. All women with cough attending FP and MCH clinics were screened for TB by smear microscopy. Pearson chi-square was used to compare group difference for categorical variables. Risk factors for smear positive were estimated by logistics regression with 95% confidence intervals (CI) given for odds ratios indicating statistically significant relationship if the CI did not include one.

Results

We enrolled a total of 749 TB suspects. Five hundred and twenty nine patients (70.6%) were from MCH clinics. Mean (SD) age was 27.6 (5.2) years. A total of 616 (82.2%) patients were coughing for less than two weeks as compared to 133 (17.8%), who coughed for two or more weeks. Among 616 TB suspects, 14 (2.3%) were smear positive TB patients, and of the 133 who had coughed for two or more weeks, 13 (9.8%) were smear positive TB patients. Risk factors associated with smear positive results were having attended more than one visit to any facility prior to diagnosis (OR = 6.8; 95%CI 2.57–18.0) and having HIV/AIDS (OR = 4.4; 95%CI 1.65–11.96). Long duration of cough was not a risk factor for being smear positive (OR = 1.6; 95%CI 0.59–4.49).

Conclusion

The proportion of smear positive TB patients among women with cough attending MCH and FP was 3.8%. Visits to any health facility prior to Diagnosis and HIV infection were risk for having a smear positive TB.

Available only for authorised users

Tuberculosis the global burden, WHO, Stop TB partnership. 2008, Geneva: Switzerland: WHO

World health Organization: Global Tuberculosis Control, Surveillance, Planning, Financing; WHO Report/HTM/TB/2008.393. 2008, Geneva: Switzerland: WHO

Ministry of Health, Tanzania National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Control Programme, annual report: 1984–2005. 1984, Dar es Salaam: Tanzania: Ministry of Health

Tanzania Ministry of Health and Social Welfare: Manual of the National Tuberculosis and Leprosy control Programme; 2006. 2006, Dar es Salaam: Tanzania: Ministry of Health, Fifth

Sanchez-Perez HJ, Hernan MA, Hernandez-Diaz S, Jansa JM, Halperin D, Ascherio A: Detection of pulmonary tuberculosis in Chiapas, Mexico. Annals of epidemiology. 2002, 12 (3): 166-72. 10.1016/S1047-2797(01)00308-8.CrossRefPubMed

Johansson E, Long NH, Diwan VK, Winkvist A: Gender and tuberculosis control: perspectives on health seeking behaviour among men and women in Vietnam. Health Policy. 2000, 52: 33-51. 10.1016/S0168-8510(00)00062-2.CrossRefPubMed

Balasubramanian R, Garg R, Santha T, Gopi PG, Subramani R, Chandrasekaran V, Thomas A, Rajeswari R, Anandakrishnan S, Perumal M, Niruparani C, Sudha G, Jaggarajamma K, Frieden TR, Narayanan PR: Gender disparities in tuberculosis: report from rural DOTS programme in South India. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2004, 8 (3): 323-332.PubMed

Sangala WT, Briggs P, Theobald S, Squire SB, Kemp J: Screening for pulmonary tuberculosis: an acceptable intervention for antenatal care clients and providers?. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2006, 10 (7): 789-94.PubMed

Kali PB, Gray GE, Violari A, Chaisson RE, McIntyre JA, Martinson NA: Combining PMTCT with active case finding for tuberculosis. Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999). 2006, 42 (3): 379-81. 10.1097/01.qai.0000218434.20404.9c.CrossRef

10.

United republic of Tanzania: Tanzania Population and housing census: Census Report, Dar es Salaam. 2002

11.

Long NH, Diwan VK, Winkvist A: Difference in symptoms suggesting pulmonary tuberculosis among men and women. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 2002, 55: 115-120. 10.1016/S0895-4356(01)00455-3.CrossRefPubMed

12.

Mfinanga S, Mutayoba B, Kahwa A, Mtandu R, Kimaro G, Ngadaya E, Egwaga : The magnitude and factors responsible for delay in tuberculosis management in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. BMC Health Serv Research. 2008, 8: 158-10.1186/1472-6963-8-158.CrossRef

13.

Thorson A, Hoa NP, Long NH: Health-seeking behaviour of individuals with a cough of more than three weeks. Lancet. 2000, 356: 1823-1824. 10.1016/S0140-6736(00)03241-4.CrossRefPubMed

14.

Ngadaya ES, Mfinanga GS, Wandwalo ER, Morkve O: Detection of Pulmonary Tuberculosis among Patients with cough attending Outpatient departments in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania: Does duration of cough Matter?. Journal: BMC Health Services Research. 2009, 9: 112-10.1186/1472-6963-9-112.PubMed

15.

Bastos LGV, Fonseca LS, Mello FCQ, Ruffino-Netto A, Golub JL, Conde MB: Prevalence of Pulmonary tuberculosis among respiratory symptomatic subjects in an out-patient primary health unit. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2007, 11 (2): 156-160.PubMed

16.

Colebunders R, Bastian I: A review of the diagnosis and treatment of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2000, 4: 97-107.PubMed

17.

Harries AD, Maher D, Nunn P: An approach to the problems of diagnosing and treating adult smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis in high-HIV-prevalence settings in sub-Saharan Africa. Bull World Health Organ. 1998, 76: 651-62.PubMedPubMedCentral

18.

Sharma SK, Mohan A, Kadhiravan T: HIV-TB co-infection: Epidemiology, diagnosis & management. Indian J Med Res. 2005, 121: 55-567.PubMed

The pre-publication history for this paper can be accessed here:http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2458/9/278/prepub

Title: Pulmonary tuberculosis among women with cough attending clinics for family planning and maternal and child health in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania
Authors: Esther S Ngadaya
Godfrey S Mfinanga
Eliud R Wandwalo
Odd Morkve
Publication date: 01-12-2009
Publisher: BioMed Central
Published in: BMC Public Health / Issue 1/2009
Electronic ISSN: 1471-2458
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-9-278

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Pulmonary tuberculosis among women with cough attending clinics for family planning and maternal and child health in Dar Es Salaam, Tanzania

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusion

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 1/2009

Quantifying the impact of community quarantine on SARS transmission in Ontario: estimation of secondary case count difference and number needed to quarantine

Weight change and incident metabolic syndrome in Iranian men and women; a 3 year follow-up study

Implications of the HIV testing protocol for refusal bias in seroprevalence surveys

Burden of morbidity in a patient perspective – the case of sick-leave certified patients in primary care

Misperceptions of "light" cigarettes abound: National survey data

Uptake of health services for common mental disorders by first-generation Turkish and Moroccan migrants in the Netherlands