Top

International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction

Published in:

01-06-2020 | Public Health | Commentary

Considering the Public Health and Reno Models: Strategic and Tactical Approaches for Dealing with Gambling-Related Harms

Authors: Howard J. Shaffer, Alexander Blaszczynski, Robert Ladouceur

Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction | Issue 3/2020

Abstract

Some critics of the Reno model appear to have misinterpreted its fundamental tenets by expressing the belief that the model is incompatible with the public health model. Both the public health and Reno models attempt to influence policies and strategies designed to promote responsible gambling and the reduction of gambling-related harms. In this article, we describe four principles that characterize a public health perspective focusing on gambling and discuss how the Reno model complements the public health approach. Both models encompass principles and guidelines that emphasize the shared responsibilities across multiple stakeholders including governments, industry, community welfare, and individuals. The Reno model represents a tactical framework for responsible gambling complementing the broader population public health approach, each model consistent in attempting to prevent the incidence, reduce the prevalence, and minimize gambling disorders and related harms. Paradoxically, although stakeholders are in agreement about the general principles and objectives, differences are evident in the manner different interventions are chosen and applied in efforts to achieve common goals.

This section presents material adapted from a previously released technical report (Shaffer 2003).

Albanese, M. J., & Shaffer, H. J. (2003). Treatment considerations in patients with addictions. Primary Psychiatry, 10(9), 55–60.

American Psychiatric Association. (1980). DSM-III: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (Third ed.). Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association.

Bambra, C., Fox, D., & Scott-Samuel, A. (2005). Towards a politics of health. Health Promotion International, 20(2), 187–193. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/dah608.CrossRefPubMed

Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., & Shaffer, H. J. (2004). A science-based framework for responsible gambling: the Reno model. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20(3), 301–317.CrossRefPubMed

Blaszczynski, A., Collins, P., Fong, D., Ladouceur, R., Nower, L., Shaffer, H. J., Tavares, H., & Venisse, J. L. (2011). Responsible gambling: general principles and minimal requirements. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(4), 565–573.CrossRefPubMed

Calabrese, E. J. (2005). Historical blunders: How toxicology got the dose-response relationship half right. Cellular and Molecular Biology, 51, 643–654.PubMed

Clotfelter, C. T., & Cook, P. J. (1989). Selling hope: state lotteries in America. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.

Collins, P., Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., Shaffer, H. J., Fong, D., & Venisse, J. L. (2015). Responsible gambling: conceptual considerations. Gaming Law Review and Economics, 19(8), 594–599.CrossRef

Crosby, S. P., & Vander Linden, M. (2019). The status of responsible gaming: a Massachusetts Perspective. In H. J. Shaffer, A. Blaszcynski, R. LaDouceur, D. Fong, & P. Collins (Eds.), Responsible gambling: primary stakeholder perspectives (pp. 245–272). London: Oxford University Press.CrossRef

Gerstein, D., Murphy, S., Toce, M., Hoffmann, J., Palmer, A., Johnson, R., … Sinclair, S. (1999). Gambling Impact and Behavior Study: Report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission. Retrieved from Chicago: http://www.norc.org/pdfs/publications/gibsfinalreportapril1999.pdf. Accessed 23 October 2019

Hancock, L., & Smith, G. (2017). Critiquing the Reno Model I-IV International Influence on Regulators and Governments (2004–2015)—the Distorted Reality of “Responsible Gambling”. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 11(2), 145. https://doi.org/10.1080/14459795.2013.829515.CrossRef

Hassel, A. (2015). Public policy. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International Encyclopedia of the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2nd ed., pp. 569–575). Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRef

Hofstadter, D. R. (1979). Gödel, Escher, Bach: an eternal golden braid. New York: Basic Books.

Humphreys, K., & Weisner, C. (2000). Use of exclusion criteria in selecting research subjects and its effect on the generalizability of alcohol treatment outcome studies. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 157(4), 588–594.CrossRefPubMed

Kelly, J. F., & Greene, M. C. (2013). Where there’s a will there’s a way: a longitudinal investigation of the interplay between recovery motivation and self-efficacy in predicting treatment outcome. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034727.CrossRefPubMed

Klimczuk, A. (2015). Public policy: ethics. In J. D. Wright (Ed.), International encyclopedia of the social and behavioral sciences (pp. 580–585). Amsterdam: Elsevier.CrossRef

Korn, D. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (1999). Gambling and the health of the public: adopting a public health perspective. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15(4), 289–365.CrossRefPubMed

Korn, D. A., & Skinner, H. A. (2000). Gambling expansion in Canada: an emerging public health issue. CPHA Health Digest, XXIV, 10.

Korn, D. A., Gibbins, R., & Azmier, J. (2003). Framing public policy toward a public health paradigm for gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 19(2), 235–256.CrossRefPubMed

Ladouceur, R., Blaszczynski, A., Shaffer, H. J., & Fong, D. (2016). Extending the Reno model: responsible gambling evaluation guidelines for gambling operators, public policymakers, and regulators. Gaming Law Review and Economics, 20(7), 580–586. https://doi.org/10.1089/glre.2016.2074.CrossRef

Lopes, L. L. (1987). Between hope and fear: The psychology of risk. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 20 (pp. 255–295). San Diego: Academic Press.

National Gambling Impact Study Commission. (1999). National Gambling Impact Study Commission Final Report. Retrieved from Washington, D.C.: www.ngisc.gov; http://govinfo.library.unt.edu/ngisc/reports/4.pdf.

National Research Council. (1999). Pathological gambling: a critical review. Washington D.C.: National Academy Press.

Politzer, R. M., Yesalis, C. E., & Hudak, C. J. (1992). The epidemiologic model and the risks of legalized gambling: Where are we headed? Health Values: The Journal of Health Behavior. Education & Promotion, 16(2), 20–27.

Quinn, J. P. (1891). Fools of fortune. Chicago: The Anti-Gambling Association.

Regier, D. A., & Robins, L. N. (1991). Introduction. In D. A. Regier & L. N. Robins (Eds.), Psychiatric Disorders in America: The Epidemiologic Catchment Area Study (pp. 1–10). New York: The Free Press.

Rosecrance, J. (1988). Gambling without guilt: The legitimation of an American pastime. Pacific Grove: Books/Cole Publishing Company.

Rosenfield, I. (2000). Freud's megalomania. New York: W.W. Norton & Company.

Savory, W. S. (1884). Betting and disease. The British Medical Journal, 28(3), 388–389. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550880903014106.CrossRef

Schuman-Olivier, Z., Albanese, M., Nelson, S. E., Roland, L., Puopolo, F., Klinker, L., & Shaffer, H. J. (2010). Self-treatment: Illicit buprenorphine use by opioid dependent treatment seekers. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 39, 41–50.CrossRefPubMed

Shaffer, H. J. (2003). A public health perspective on gambling: the four principles. AGA Responsible Gaming Lecture Series, 2(1), 1–27.

Shaffer, H. J., & Kidman, R. (2004). Gambling and the public health. In J. E. Grant & M. N. Potenza (Eds.), Pathological gambling: a clinical guide to treatment (pp. 3–23). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc..

Shaffer, H. J., & Korn, D. A. (2002). Gambling and related mental disorders: A public health analysis. In J. E. Fielding, R. C. Brownson, & B. Starfield (Eds.), Annual Review of Public Health, Vol. 23 (pp. 171–212). Palo Alto: Annual Reviews, Inc..

Shaffer, H. J., LaBrie, R. A., LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., & Stanton, M. V. (2004). The road less traveled: moving from distribution to determinants in the study of gambling epidemiology. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 49(8), 504–516.CrossRefPubMed

Shaffer, H. J., Ladouceur, R., Blaszczynski, A., & Whyte, K. (2015). Extending the RENO model: clinical and ethical applications. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 86(3), 297–309. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000123.CrossRefPubMed

Shaffer, H. J., Blaszcynski, A., & Ladouceur, R. (2017). Truth, alternative facts, narrative, and science: What is happening to responsible gambling and gambling disorder? International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15(6), 1197–1202.CrossRef

Shaffer, H. J., Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., Collins, P., & Fong, D. (Eds.). (2019). Responsible gambling: Primary stakeholder perspectives. London: Oxford University Press.

Title: Considering the Public Health and Reno Models: Strategic and Tactical Approaches for Dealing with Gambling-Related Harms
Authors: Howard J. Shaffer
Alexander Blaszczynski
Robert Ladouceur
Publication date: 01-06-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Keyword: Public Health
Published in: International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 1557-1874
Electronic ISSN: 1557-1882
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-019-00149-3

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Considering the Public Health and Reno Models: Strategic and Tactical Approaches for Dealing with Gambling-Related Harms

Abstract

At a glance: The STEP trials

Springer Medicine

Abstract

Please log in to get access to this content

Other articles of this Issue 3/2020

Correlates of Substance Use Among American Indian/Alaska Native Adolescents

Gambling Control and Public Health: Let’s Be Honest

Exploring Residential Models of Care for Treatment of Infectious Complications Among People Who Inject Drugs: a Systematic Review

Gambling Control and Public Health: Let’s Be Really Honest

How to Measure Addiction Recovery? Incorporating Perspectives of Individuals with Lived Experience

Synthetic Cannabinoid Intoxication Presenting as Malignant Catatonia: a Case Report