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Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research

Open Access 11-03-2024 | Psychotherapy | Original Article

Leveraging Single-Case Experimental Designs to Promote Personalized Psychological Treatment: Step-by-Step Implementation Protocol with Stakeholder Involvement of an Outpatient Clinic for Personalized Psychotherapy

Authors: Saskia Scholten, Lea Schemer, Philipp Herzog, Julia W. Haas, Jens Heider, Dorina Winter, Dorota Reis, Julia Anna Glombiewski

Published in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research

Abstract

Our objective is to implement a single-case experimental design (SCED) infrastructure in combination with experience-sampling methods (ESM) into the standard diagnostic procedure of a German outpatient research and training clinic. Building on the idea of routine outcome monitoring, the SCED infrastructure introduces intensive longitudinal data collection, individual effectiveness measures, and the opportunity for systematic manipulation to push personalization efforts further. It aims to empower psychotherapists and patients to evaluate their own treatment (idiographic perspective) and to enable researchers to analyze open questions of personalized psychotherapy (nomothetic perspective). Organized around the principles of agile research, we plan to develop, implement, and evaluate the SCED infrastructure in six successive studies with continuous stakeholder involvement: In the project development phase, the business model for the SCED infrastructure is developed that describes its vision in consideration of the context (Study 1). Also, the infrastructure's prototype is specified, encompassing the SCED procedure, ESM protocol, and ESM survey (Study 2 and 3). During the optimization phase, feasibility and acceptability are tested and the infrastructure is adapted accordingly (Study 4). The evaluation phase includes a pilot implementation study to assess implementation outcomes (Study 5), followed by actual implementation using a within-institution A-B design (Study 6). The sustainability phase involves continuous monitoring and improvement. We discuss to what extent the generated data could be used to address current questions of personalized psychotherapy research. Anticipated barriers and limitations during the implementation processes are outlined.

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Different terms are used in the context of SCEDs such as Single-Case Experimental Design (SCED), Single-Subject Research Design, Single-Case Observational Design (SCOD), N-of-1 trial, Single Patient Open Trial (SPOT) and Single-Case Design (SCD) (Krasny-Pacini & Evans, 2018; Nikles et al., 2021). Although SCEDs is widely used, we use from here on SCD as an umbrella term, allowing also observational and open designs and thus fitting better with the intended use in our routine clinical care setting.

Experience Sampling Methodology (ESM), Ecological Momentary Assessments, and Ambulatory Assessments comprise data collection methods used to study individuals’ daily life experiences and environmental features in naturalistic settings (see Myin-Germeys & Kuppens, 2021). In particular, ESM and Ecological Momentary Assessment prompt individuals to respond to surveys assessing psychological constructs as they unfold in daily life (Schemer et al., 2022). For consistency reasons, we use the term “ESM”.

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Title: Leveraging Single-Case Experimental Designs to Promote Personalized Psychological Treatment: Step-by-Step Implementation Protocol with Stakeholder Involvement of an Outpatient Clinic for Personalized Psychotherapy
Authors: Saskia Scholten
Lea Schemer
Philipp Herzog
Julia W. Haas
Jens Heider
Dorina Winter
Dorota Reis
Julia Anna Glombiewski
Publication date: 11-03-2024
Publisher: Springer US
Keyword: Psychotherapy
Published in: Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research
Print ISSN: 0894-587X
Electronic ISSN: 1573-3289
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10488-024-01363-5

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Leveraging Single-Case Experimental Designs to Promote Personalized Psychological Treatment: Step-by-Step Implementation Protocol with Stakeholder Involvement of an Outpatient Clinic for Personalized Psychotherapy

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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