Skip to main content
Top
Published in: BMC Psychiatry 1/2021

Open Access 01-12-2021 | Psychotherapy | Research article

A national evaluation of the Irish public health counselling in primary care service– examination of initial effectiveness data

Authors: Charles Brand, Fiona Ward, Niamh MacDonagh, Sharon Cunningham, Ladislav Timulak

Published in: BMC Psychiatry | Issue 1/2021

Login to get access

Abstract

Background

The Counselling in Primary Care service (CIPC) is the first and only nationally available public counselling service in the Republic of Ireland. This study provides initial data for the effectiveness of short-term psychotherapy delivered in a primary care setting in Ireland for the first time.

Method

A practice-based observational research approach was employed to examine outcome data from 2806 clients receiving therapy from 130 therapists spread over 150 primary care locations throughout Ireland. Pre-post outcomes were assessed using the CORE-OM and reliable and clinically significant change proportions. Binary logistic regression examined the effect of pre therapy symptom severity on the log odds of recovering. Six and 12 month follow up data from a subsample of 276 clients were also analysed using growth curve analysis.

Results

Of 14,156 referred clients, 5356 presented for assessment and 52.3% (N = 2806) consented to participate. Between assessment and post-therapy a large reduction in severity of symptoms was observed- Cohen’s d = 0.98. Furthermore, 47% of clients achieved recovery,a further 15.5% reliably improved, 2.7% reliably deteriorated and34.7% showed no reliable improvement. Higher initial severity was associated with less chance of recovering at post-therapy. Significant gains were maintained between assessment and12 months after therapy- Cohen’s d = 0.50.

Conclusions

Outcomes for clients in the CIPC service compared favourably with large scale counselling and psychotherapy services in jurisdictions in the U.K., the U.S.A., Norway and Sweden. This study expands the international primary care psychotherapy research base to include the entire Republic of Ireland jurisdiction.
Footnotes
1
The other three areas mentioned recorded client data and responses using pen and paper.
 
2
This average is for 9 of the ten CIPC Community Hospital Organisations (CHOs). One CHO area was not part of this phase of the research
 
Literature
2.
go back to reference Batt V, Nic Gabhainn S, Falvey F. Perspectives on the provision of counselling for women in Ireland. Women’s Studies Centre and Centre for Health Promotion Studies, National University of Ireland, Galway; 2002. Batt V, Nic Gabhainn S, Falvey F. Perspectives on the provision of counselling for women in Ireland. Women’s Studies Centre and Centre for Health Promotion Studies, National University of Ireland, Galway; 2002.
3.
go back to reference HSRC NCS. SENCS : survivors’ experiences of the National Counselling Service. For adults who experienced childhood abuse. Dublin: Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; 2003. HSRC NCS. SENCS : survivors’ experiences of the National Counselling Service. For adults who experienced childhood abuse. Dublin: Department of Psychology, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland; 2003.
4.
go back to reference Bourke M, Byrne M. Evaluation of a pilot primary care adult mental health practitioner – delivered service. Ir Psychol. 2012;38(11):262–8. Bourke M, Byrne M. Evaluation of a pilot primary care adult mental health practitioner – delivered service. Ir Psychol. 2012;38(11):262–8.
8.
go back to reference Barkham M, Hardy GE, Mellor-Clark J. Developing and delivering practice-based evidence [internet]. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010. Available from: http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/9780470687994CrossRef Barkham M, Hardy GE, Mellor-Clark J. Developing and delivering practice-based evidence [internet]. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd; 2010. Available from: http://​doi.​wiley.​com/​10.​1002/​9780470687994CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Barkham M, Stiles WB, Connell J, Mellor-Clark J. Psychological treatment outcomes in routine NHS services: What do we mean by treatment effectiveness? Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract. 2012;85(1):1–16 16p.CrossRef Barkham M, Stiles WB, Connell J, Mellor-Clark J. Psychological treatment outcomes in routine NHS services: What do we mean by treatment effectiveness? Psychol Psychother Theory Res Pract. 2012;85(1):1–16 16p.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Barkham M. Suitability and utility of the CORE-OM and CORE-A for assessing severity of presenting problems in psychological therapy services based in primary and secondary care settings. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186(3):239–46.CrossRef Barkham M. Suitability and utility of the CORE-OM and CORE-A for assessing severity of presenting problems in psychological therapy services based in primary and secondary care settings. Br J Psychiatry. 2005;186(3):239–46.CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Mellor-Clark J. Developing CORE performance indicators for benchmarking in NHS primary care psychological therapy and counselling services: an editorial introduction. Couns Psychother Res. 2006;6(1):1–2.CrossRef Mellor-Clark J. Developing CORE performance indicators for benchmarking in NHS primary care psychological therapy and counselling services: an editorial introduction. Couns Psychother Res. 2006;6(1):1–2.CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Mellor-Clark J, Barkham M, Connell J, Evans C. Practice-based evidence and standardized evaluation: informing the design of the CORE system. Eur J Psychother Couns. 1999;2(3):357–74.CrossRef Mellor-Clark J, Barkham M, Connell J, Evans C. Practice-based evidence and standardized evaluation: informing the design of the CORE system. Eur J Psychother Couns. 1999;2(3):357–74.CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Skre I, Friborg O, Elgarøy S, Evans C, Myklebust LH, Lillevoll K, et al. The factor structure and psychometric properties of the clinical outcomes in routine evaluation – outcome measure (CORE-OM) in Norwegian clinical and non-clinical samples. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13(1):1–14.CrossRef Skre I, Friborg O, Elgarøy S, Evans C, Myklebust LH, Lillevoll K, et al. The factor structure and psychometric properties of the clinical outcomes in routine evaluation – outcome measure (CORE-OM) in Norwegian clinical and non-clinical samples. BMC Psychiatry. 2013;13(1):1–14.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Raudenbush SW, Bryk AS. Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 2002. p. 485. (Advanced quantitative techniques in the social sciences) Raudenbush SW, Bryk AS. Hierarchical linear models: applications and data analysis methods. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications; 2002. p. 485. (Advanced quantitative techniques in the social sciences)
25.
go back to reference Heck RH, Thomas SL, Tabata LN. In: 2nd edition, editor. Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2014. p. 443. (Quantitative methodology series). Heck RH, Thomas SL, Tabata LN. In: 2nd edition, editor. Multilevel and longitudinal modeling with IBM SPSS. New York: Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group; 2014. p. 443. (Quantitative methodology series).
37.
go back to reference Sterne JAC, White IR, Carlin JB, Spratt M, Royston P, Kenward MG, et al. Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls. BMJ. 2009;338(jun29 1):b2393. Sterne JAC, White IR, Carlin JB, Spratt M, Royston P, Kenward MG, et al. Multiple imputation for missing data in epidemiological and clinical research: potential and pitfalls. BMJ. 2009;338(jun29 1):b2393.
Metadata
Title
A national evaluation of the Irish public health counselling in primary care service– examination of initial effectiveness data
Authors
Charles Brand
Fiona Ward
Niamh MacDonagh
Sharon Cunningham
Ladislav Timulak
Publication date
01-12-2021
Publisher
BioMed Central
Published in
BMC Psychiatry / Issue 1/2021
Electronic ISSN: 1471-244X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-021-03226-x

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

BMC Psychiatry 1/2021 Go to the issue