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Annals of Surgical Oncology
Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology 5/2008

01-05-2008 | Gastrointestinal Oncology

Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: Is Disease Progression Related to Microbial Agents? A Study of Bacteria, MUC2 and MUC5AC Expression in Disseminated Peritoneal Adenomucinosis and Peritoneal Mucinous Carcinomatosis

Authors: Cristina Semino-Mora, Hui Liu, Thomas McAvoy, Carol Nieroda, Kimberley Studeman, Armando Sardi, Andre Dubois

Published in: Annals of Surgical Oncology | Issue 5/2008

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Abstract

Background and Aims

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is characterized by peritoneal tumors arising from a perforated appendiceal adenoma or adenocarcinoma, but associated entry of enteric bacteria in the peritoneum has not been considered as a cofactor. Because Gram-negative organisms can upregulate MUC2 mucin gene expression, we determined whether bacteria were detectable in PMP tissues.

Methods

In situ hybridization was performed on resection specimens from five control subjects with noninflamed, nonperforated, non-neoplastic appendix and 16 patients with PMP [six with disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis (DPAM) and 10 with peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis (PMCA)]. Specific probes were designed to recognize: (1) 16S rRNA common to multiple bacteria or specific to H. pylori; (2) H. pylori cagA virulence gene; or (3) MUC2 or MUC5AC apomucins. Specimens from one patient with PMCA were examined by ultrastructural immunohistochemistry. Bacterial density and apomucin expression were determined in four histopathological compartments (epithelia, inflammatory cells, stroma, and free mucus).

Results

Enteric bacteria were detected in all specimens. Bacterial density and MUC2 expression were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in PMCA than in DPAM and controls and were highest in free mucin. MUC2 was also expressed in dysplastic epithelia and in associated inflammatory cells. MUC2 expression was significantly correlated with bacterial density.

Conclusions

Multiple enteric bacteria are present in PMP, and bacterial density and MUC2 expression is highest in the malignant form of PMP. Based on these observations, we propose that the bacteria observed in PMP may play a role in the mucinous ascites and perhaps promote carcinogenesis.
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Metadata
Title
Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: Is Disease Progression Related to Microbial Agents? A Study of Bacteria, MUC2 and MUC5AC Expression in Disseminated Peritoneal Adenomucinosis and Peritoneal Mucinous Carcinomatosis
Authors
Cristina Semino-Mora
Hui Liu
Thomas McAvoy
Carol Nieroda
Kimberley Studeman
Armando Sardi
Andre Dubois
Publication date
01-05-2008
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Annals of Surgical Oncology / Issue 5/2008
Print ISSN: 1068-9265
Electronic ISSN: 1534-4681
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1245/s10434-007-9778-9

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