Prothrombotic state in glioblastoma multiforme: an evaluation of the procoagulant activity of circulating microparticles

The relationship between venous thromboembolism (VTE) and cancer is supported by several pathogenetic factors, including circulating microparticles (MP) originating from different cells and often bearing tissue factor. Since VTE often complicates the clinical course of patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM; WHO grade IV astrocytoma) and the role of MPs in these patients population is still not clear, this prospective study was conducted to evaluate the procoagulant activity of circulating MP (MP activity) in GBM patients. We enrolled 61 GBM patients undergoing gross-total or subtotal surgical resection followed by combined radio-chemotherapy; 20 healthy volunteers were tested as controls. Blood samples for MP activity and hemostatic profiles were obtained before and then 1 week and 1, 4, and 7 months after surgery. GBM patients had significantly higher mean MP activity levels than healthy controls before and 7 days after surgery. During the follow-up, MP activity levels became significantly lower 1 and 4 months after surgery (P = 0.007 and P = 0.018, respectively) than prior to surgery, but this decrease was only seen in the subgroup achieving complete tumor resection. MP activity levels increased in 7 (63.6%) of 11 patients who developed VTE. The different incidence of the increase in MP activity levels between patients with and without VTE was statistically significant (χ ² = 4.93, P = 0.026; relative risk 1.38, 95% CI 1.03–1.86). GBM patients may have an increase in MP-associated procoagulant activity that could contribute to any prothrombotic states and increases the likelihood of VTE complications; this procoagulant activity drops during control of disease.