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01-09-2013 | Leading Article

Prospects for Improving Brain Function in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Authors: Alberto C. S. Costa, Jonah J. Scott-McKean

Published in: CNS Drugs | Issue 9/2013

Abstract

Down syndrome (DS), which results from an extra copy of chromosome 21 (trisomy 21), is the most common genetically defined cause of intellectual disability. Although no pharmacotherapy aimed at counteracting the cognitive and adaptive deficits associated with this genetic disorder has been approved at present, there have been several new promising studies on pharmacological agents capable of rescuing learning/memory deficits seen in mouse models of DS. Here, we will review the available mouse models for DS and provide a comprehensive, albeit not exhaustive review of the following preclinical research strategies: (1) SOD1 and antioxidant agents; (2) APP and γ-secretase inhibitors; (3) DYRK1A and the polyphenol epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG); (4) GIRK2 and fluoxetine; (5) adrenergic receptor agonists; (6) modulation of GABA_A and GABA_B receptors; (7) agonism of the hedgehog signaling pathway; (8) nerve growth factor (NGF) and other neurotrophic factors; (9) anticholinesterase (AChE) agents; and (10) antagonism of NMDA receptors. Finally, we will review briefly five different strategies in DS that have led to clinical studies that either have been concluded or are currently underway: (1) antioxidant therapy; (2) AChE therapy; (3) green tea extract therapy; (4) RG1662 therapy; and (5) memantine therapy. These are exciting times in DS research. Within a decade or so, it is well into the realm of possibility that new forms of pharmacotherapies might become valuable tools in the armamentarium of developmental clinicians, as adjutants to more traditional and proven forms of habilitative interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of individuals with DS.

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Title: Prospects for Improving Brain Function in Individuals with Down Syndrome
Authors: Alberto C. S. Costa
Jonah J. Scott-McKean
Publication date: 01-09-2013
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Published in: CNS Drugs / Issue 9/2013
Print ISSN: 1172-7047
Electronic ISSN: 1179-1934
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40263-013-0089-3

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Prospects for Improving Brain Function in Individuals with Down Syndrome

Abstract

Keynote webinar | Spotlight on medication adherence

Springer Medicine

Abstract

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