Published in:
01-01-2013 | Original paper
Prospective study of effect modification by Toll-like receptor 4 variation on the association between Trichomonas vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer
Authors:
Yen Ching Chen, Yi Ling Huang, Elizabeth A. Platz, John F. Alderete, Lu Zheng, Jennifer R. Rider, Peter Kraft, Edward Giovannucci, Siobhan Sutcliffe
Published in:
Cancer Causes & Control
|
Issue 1/2013
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Abstract
Purpose
In previous studies, we observed a positive association between Trichomonas vaginalis serostatus and risk of prostate cancer, particularly aggressive cancer, which we hypothesized might be due to T. vaginalis-mediated intraprostatic inflammation and cell damage. To explore this hypothesis further, we investigated effect modification by Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) variation on this association. We hypothesized that TLR4 variation might serve a marker of the anti-trichomonad immune response because T. vaginalis has been shown to elicit inflammation through this receptor.
Methods
We previously genotyped the non-synonymous TLR4 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs4986790, and determined T. vaginalis serostatus for 690 incident prostate cancer cases and 692 controls in a nested case–control study within the Health Professionals Follow-up Study.
Results
A non-significant suggestion of effect modification was observed by rs4986790 carrier status on the association between T. vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer risk (p interaction = 0.07). While no association was observed among men homozygous wildtype for this SNP (odds ratio (OR) = 1.23, 95 % confidence interval (CI): 0.86–1.77), a positive association was observed among variant carriers (OR = 4.16, 95 % CI: 1.32–13.1).
Conclusions
Although not statistically significant, TLR4 variation appeared to influence the association between T. vaginalis serostatus and prostate cancer risk consistent with the hypothesis that inflammation plays a role in this association. Larger studies will be necessary to explore this possible effect modification further.