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Sleep and Breathing
Published in: Sleep and Breathing 1/2023

21-03-2022 | Propofol | Sleep Breathing Physiology and Disorders • Original Article

Propofol-induced sleep ameliorates cognition impairment in sleep-deprived rats

Authors: Yizhi Lu, Yong Xiao, Youbing Tu, Weixin Dai, Yubo Xie

Published in: Sleep and Breathing | Issue 1/2023

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Abstract

Purpose

Propofol has been shown to clear sleep debt in rats after sleep deprivation (SD). We examined whether or not propofol-assisted sleep can restore cognitive function in SD rats and explored the possible mechanisms.

Methods

A sleep deprivation model was established by housing 9 to 12 week-old rats to a multiplatform water tank for 96 h. Model rats were then intraperitoneally injected with different concentrations of propofol or 10% fat emulsion (vehicle control). All treatment groups were examined for spatial learning and memory ability in the Morris water maze (MWM). After euthanasia, morphological changes in the hippocampus, hippocampal neurons, and mitochondria were examined by hematoxylin–eosin staining and transmission electron microscopy. Serum and hippocampal levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and hippocampal concentrations of ATP and Cyt-c were measured by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting were performed to assess hippocampal expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3.

Results

Results showed that escape latencies in MWM training trials were significantly shorter and target crossings in the memory probe trial significantly greater in propofol-treated SD model rats compared to vehicle-treated SD rats. Propofol also reduced the number of apoptotic bodies in the hippocampal CA1 region. Sleep deprivation reduced IL-1β and ATP in hippocampus while increasing TNF-α and Cyt-c, and propofol treatment reversed all these changes. There was no significant difference in Bcl-2 expression between propofol- and vehicle-treated SD rats, but pro-apoptotic Bax and cleaved caspase-3 expression levels were significantly reduced by propofol in SD rats.

Conclusions

Propofol-assisted sleep restored cognitive function in SD rats possibly by attenuating mitochondria-mediated neuronal apoptosis in the hippocampus.
Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Propofol-induced sleep ameliorates cognition impairment in sleep-deprived rats
Authors
Yizhi Lu
Yong Xiao
Youbing Tu
Weixin Dai
Yubo Xie
Publication date
21-03-2022
Publisher
Springer International Publishing
Keyword
Propofol
Published in
Sleep and Breathing / Issue 1/2023
Print ISSN: 1520-9512
Electronic ISSN: 1522-1709
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11325-022-02591-5

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